OBJECTIVE To study the antimicrobial agents resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinic.METHODS To test the sensitivity of 20 common antimicrobial agents by K-B.MRSA was detected by cefoxitin disk;and the inducible resistance of clindamycin was detected by D-test.RESULTS The drug resistance rate of this term of S.aureus was high.Except vancomycin,minocycline,teicoplanin,nitrofurantoin and rifampin,the drug resistance rate was higher than 42.6%.From 312 strains of S.aureus 209 strains of MRSA were detected,the rate was 67.0%.The structural antimicrobial resistance rate of clindamycin was 29.5%,the detection rate of inducible resistance was 51.4%.CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of S.aureus is increasingly severe.The high positive results of MRSA and D-test make great trouble to therapy,and should have taken more attention of clinic.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors and countermeasures of burn wound infection.METHODS The data of burn patients in hospital from 2005 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS From 341 burn patients 257 got infected and total infection rate was 75.4%.Investigation shows that the probability e of infection in 3 days was 12.9%,but the rate became 72.7% after 4 to 10 days.The bigger the wound area,the higher the possibility to got infected.The infection rate was 43.8% when BSA was smaller than 20.0%.When BSA was bigger than 41.0%,the rate was up to 88.0%.When BSA was bigger than 61.0%,the rate was 100.0%.Except that,antibiotics and standard medical performance were the important factors related to burn infection.CONCLUSIONS To strengthen the aseptic concept among medical staff,pay attention to the environment of hospital,and the sterilization of the materials,debridement and drainage in time,and rational usage of antibacterial drugs,are the effective countermeasures to reduce burn wound infection.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the etiological characteristics and risk factors of burn wound infection to provide scientific basis for preventive measures. METHODS The pathogens and risk factors of wound infection of burn patients were investigated. RESULTS Among 341 burn patients form Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 257 patients were cultured positively in their wound surface with the total infection rate 86.0%. In the early period of infection, Gram-positive cocci were the main pathogens in preinfection, then Gram-negtive bacilli and fungal infection increased. Most of pathogens were opportunistic. From d4 to d10 after burn was the dangerous period of infection. Infection rate was related to the sizes of burn area. CONCLUSIONS Visiting hospital, debridement and takeing specimens to culture in time, correct antibiotics treatment, sterile environment and aseptic operation are the effective measures to reduce the wound infection.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the present condition of bacteriological infection caused by drainage tube after modified radical mastectomy(MRM) and the prevention measure.METHODS Atotal of152 patients with drainage tube after MRM during 2005-2007 were analyzed,bacteria culture of drainage fluid from breast wound or axillary wound were taken in 24 hours after operation.The bacteria or fungi were identified with ATB bacterial analysis apparatus.RESULTS Seventy specimens from 52 patients were positive(positive rate 34.2%).Of 70 strains,40 were Gram-positive cocci,24 were Gram-negative bacilli and the other 6 were fungi.The reasons of infection included subsided immunity defense system,drainage tube application,incorrect aseptic processing or disinfection procedure,and obstruction of drainage tube.CONCLUSIONS The important prevention measures of bacteria infection through drainage tube after MRM include maintenance of aseptic environment in operating room,strict aseptic processing,fluent drainage,and proper indwelling time of drainage tube.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics and current status of the drug resistance of Burkholderia cepacia(BCE).METHODS Drug sensitivity test was performed on BCE with K-B method isolated from clinic specimen from 2006 to 2007 and the patients′ data were analyzed.RESULTS The pathogens were mainly isolated from sputum(18 strains,39.1%) and blood(9 strains,19.6%).ICU was the common department(28 strains,60.9%);all strains of BCE were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam.The resistance rate to 3 kinds of aminoglycosides(amikacin etc),ciprofloxacin,piperacillin and imipenem were 63.0-84.8%.The resistance to sulfamethoxazole compound,ceftazidime,cefepime piperacillin/tazobactam,cefoperazone/sulbactam and meropenem were less than 40.0%.CONCLUSIONS Serious underlying diseases,frequent invasive operation and drug abusement were the main causes of BCE infection.Meropenem,sulfamethoxazole compound,ceftazidime,piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam could be selected to treat BCE infection.

OBJECTIVE To study the situation of central supply department and discuss the management of it.METHODS The hygienic monitoring results of sterile room in central supply department from 2007 to 2008 were invectigated.RESULTS The hygienic eligible rate of air,environment and objects was 91.1-97.2%.The qualified rate of sterilized packet was 99.2-100%.The eligible rate of humidity and temperature in disinfection chamber was 92.3% and 88.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS To consummate management measures and manage strictly sterilization procedure,assigning special person for the duty and attention to every details which easy tobe contaminated.all these measures mentioned above are the important countermeasures to quarantee environmental quality.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of preventive medication for preventing incision infection before cesarean.METHODS Patients with cesarean section accepted parturients were divided in 2 groups randomly: group A(medicine before operation) and group B(no medicine before operation),and infection rate were observed after operation.RESULTS The incision infection rate of group A was 3.8%,and that of group B was 9.3%(?2=6.00,P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pollution of venous indwelling needle and to discuss the preventive measures.METHODS A retrospective investigation was conducted on the results of germ culture of venous indwelling needle and the problems in nursing manipulation.RESULTS The total positive rate of venous indwelling needle cultures isolated from 2006 to 2007 was 20.2%,the positive rate in 2007 was lower than that in 2006(?2=7.66,P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug-resistance and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AME) in Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA) isolated from ICU. METHODS K-B method was conducted to detect the sensitivity to 14 common antibiotics of 291 strains of ABA isolated from 2005 to 2007;PCR was used to detect AME genes of partial bacteria isolated in 2005. RESULTS The drug-resistance rates of 13 kinds of antibiotics were 33.0-91.8%,but cefoperazone/sulbactam was low (12.7%). The rate of amikacin,gentamicin and tobramycin was 41.2%,61.2% and 61.5%. Twenty-three ABA strains were AME gene positive from total 27 ABA strains and the total positive rate was 74.4%.We found 21 strains with aac(3)-Ⅰ (77.8%),23 strains with aac(6′)-Ⅰ (85.2%) and 23 strains with ant(3″)-Ⅰ (85.2%). Two strains were found to have 2 kinds of AME genes,21 strains had 3 kinds of AME genes. The rest of ABA strains had not AME genes. CONCLUSIONS ABA isolated from ICU has strong drug-resistance rate and a high carrier rate,it is a critical area of preventing and controlling hospital infection.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution and drug-resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinic in the past two years to help doctors to use antibiotic reasonably.METHODS To detect the drug-resistance of 470 strains of K.pneumoniae to 15 kinds of antimicrobial agents were detected by K-B method,and the AmpC ?-lactamase and ESBLs were detected through the way of 3-D test.RESULTS ICU and burn department were found where had the highest isolation rate,and sputum and wound that had the highest detection rate.Sensitivity test results showed that the resistance rate of K.pneumoniae to penicillins,first and second-generation cepholosporins,fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole compound was high(51.1-88.3%),and resistance rate to the third and fourth-generation cephalosporins was high,too(32.6-40.4%).All strains were sensitive to imipenem,but two of them were resistant to meropenem.ESBLs were found in 152 strains,the detection rate was 32.3%,AmpC was found in 29 strains,the detection rate was 6.2%.Both of them were found out in 21 strains.CONCLUSIONS The lower respiratory tract infection is the most common one.The ICU and wound ward are the high-risk places ward of infection.Detection rate and drug resistance are increasingly severe,clinic and laboratory should make concerted efforts to reduce nosocomial infection and strengthen information feedback.