OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of the physico-chemistical property of n-alkyl carboxylates on its permeability through ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa of pig.METHODS:Acetic acid,butanoic acid,hexanoic acid and caprylic acid were used as model drugs.The permeability of them through ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa of pig was studied using modified Franz diffusion cell;The concentrations of different samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and the permeability coefficients(P) of different samples were computed,which were compared with the P through human skin reported in literature.RESULTS:The P of acetic acid,butanoic acid,hexanoic acid and caprylic acid through porcine buccal mucosa were 2.05?10-5,3.03?10-5,1.66?10-4 and 1.19?10-4 cm?s-1,respectively,and the P of which though human skin reported in literature were 9.77?10-8,3.47?10-7,3.80?10-6 and 6.61?10-6 cm?s-1,respectively.CONCLUSION:The permeability of carboxylates through porcine buccal mucosa of pig was greater than that through human skin.The liposolubility and the molecular volume (physico-chemistical parameters) of this kind of compounds had much less impact on the permeability of carboxylates through porcine buccal mucosa of pig than through human skin.

The endosopic imaging was simulated using SketchUp software, and the preliminary definitions of the visual relative quantity space (VRQS), visual absolute quantity space (VAQS), and visual space scale unit (length) VSSU (VSUL) were made to discuss characters of them; With the elevation angle or the distance of the endoscope entering the nasal cavity changed, the law and the cause of the spatial directions in the visual field of the endoscope were analyzed by the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL). The perspective law in the 0° VRQS is: With the distance to the visual point nearer, the length of the VSSU in the view of the endoscope is longer. If the distance of the endoscope entering the model is increased only, the position of the spatial direction in the view of the endoscope shows the repeatable and substituted characteristics. If the elevation angle of the endoscope is changed only, the spatial directions in the view are changed. The change of the spatial directions in the view could be explained by the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL). The change of the elevation angle of the endoscope can caused the change of the spatial directions in the view. The spatial directions in the view of the endoscope have the repeatable and substituted characteristics; the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL) can completely explained the changes of the spatial directions, which provides a good basis for the operations and the further research.

Objective: To analysis the clinical characteristic and pathogenic bacterium of infective endocarditis (IE),and to compare the pathogenic microorganism and vegetation localization between the prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and the native valve endocarditis (NVE).Methods: The data was collected from 266 in-patients who fulfilled Duke Criteria for IE from May 2003 to May 2008 in our hospital.The demographics and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results: There were 243/266 of IE patients suffered from basic heart disease,among them,101 patients with congenital heart disease,77 patients with non-rheumatic valvular heart disease,62 with rheumatic heart disease and 3 with other heart disease.There were 218 (82%) patients with identified vegetation,and the most common vegetation localized at aortic valve,mitral valve,and aortic plus mitral valve in turn.Bacterial cultures were positive in 49.5% of patients.The proportion of Gram-Negative bacillus and Fungi infection had risen in IE.Detection rate of vegetation was lower in PVE patients than that in NVE patients (P<0.01).However,the positive bacterial culture rate was higher in PVE than in NVE (P<0.01).Streptococcus,coagulase negative staphylococcus,gram-negative bacteria showed significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The spectrum of microorganism was different between the early and the late PVE patients.The in-hospital mortality rate of PVE was higher than NVE.Conclusion: The spectrum and pathogenic bacterium of IE had changed obviously during the past years.Early diagnosis,bacterial culture with correct antibacterial treatment,transesophageal echocardiography,and active prevention of nosocomial infection should be essential for the disease control.

Objectives To explore the clinical characteristics of hematologic disease complicated by rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (HD-ROCM) and improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of M-ROC.Methods For mastering the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of HD-ROCM, the medical records of 6 HD-ROCM patients admitted from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and related literatures were also retrieved and reviewed.Results All the patients had bone marrow transplantation, 2 out of 6 patients had neutropenia, 5 had endoscopic debridement in a few days to several months after the onset of symptoms, and 1 had open debridement. 3 out of 6 achieved local debridement, and the other 3 had radical debridement. Out of them, one died 8 days postoperation, 1 died at 1 month, 2 at 2 months and 2 at 6 months.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are the key points for improving the survival rate of HD-ROCM patients.

Objective To explore the role of combined respiratory function combined with drug therapy in the rapid recovery of lung cancer patients, and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Forty patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical treatment from January 2012 to December 2015 were selected as subjects and were randomly divided into intervention group and control group (n=20) according to the order of admission. All patients were treated with routine chemotherapy on the basis of routine chemotherapy of lung cancer, and routine perioperative care was carried out. The intervention group received comprehensive respiratory function exercise on the basis of them. There were psychological nursing, health education, perioperative respiratory function exercise and so on. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, quality of life improvement and postoperative rehabilitation were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of pulmonary complications in the intervention group was 5％ (1/20, only one case of pneumonia), the incidence of pulmonary complications in the control group was 35％ (7/20, 4 cases of pneumonia, two cases of atelectasis, one case of hypoxemia),the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of SF-36 in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The extubation time and postoperative hospital stay in the intervention group were shorter than in the control group. The 6-minute walking test (6MWK) was longer than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive respiratory function combined with treatment with etestin hydrochloride can reduce the early postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer, improve its quality of life and promote rapid postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the reliability of electrocardiographic (ECG) signal for the accurate assessment of myocardial ischemia in order to evaluate the clinical value of remote real-time ECG monitoring system based on GPRS in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods A total of 60 STEMI patients admitted between April 2008 and December 2010 were enrolled.All subjects were given the remote real-time ECG monitoring and routine 12 leads ECG monitoring at the same time.They were divided into remote ECG group and the 12 leads ECG group.The remote real-time ECG monitoring collects electrocardiosignal to imitate V1,V3,V5 lead and Ⅰ lead.P wave duration,PR interval,duration of time limit of QRS wave and T wave,QT interval,and the P wave amplitude,QRS wave amplitude,R-(Q + S),T wave amplitude were measured,and the detectability rate of arrhythmia and the definited diagnosis rate of ST segment elevation in accordance with clinical manifestion were compared in each group with different parameters.The data were analyzed by t test,rank sum test,Pearson correlation analysis,Spearman's rank correlation and the chi-square test.Results In STEMI patients,there were no statistical differences in time limits and amplitude of waves on ECG between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05),and the correlations between parameters of two groups were found to be close (P ＜ 0.01).There was no difference in the detectability rate of cardiac arrhythmia between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),and no difference in the rate of correct diagnosis of elevated ST segment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),except V1 lead (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity of the change in ST segment of the two groups is similar,and the remote real-time ECG monitoring can help determine the location of myocardial ischemia.

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)are ligand activated transcriptional factors and belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.PPARs play important roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism,energy homeostasis,cell proliferation,differentiation and reproduction.Furthermore,PPARs agonists were closely correlated to atherosclerosis and involved in delaying the formation of atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the characteristics of the spatial vertical direction in the view of 0? endoscope with the elevation angle(between the endoscope and nasal bottom)unchanged,and to provide the basis for operations.Methods The ideal model of nasal cavity was designed and observed with the 0? rod-lens telescope.Space of the model in the visual field of endoscope with 30? or 45? elevation angle produced was simulated by SketchUp software.Then ten lines(perpendicular to the horizontal planes,distributed in different plane and in the same side of the visual vertical line)were drawn randomly and named as Ln(n=1-10)respectively.A point was randomly selected and a vertical line was drawn and assigned as b line.The position of b line in the visual view of endoscope with a 30? elevation angle was named as A1B1.The relationship of positions of Ln with A1B1 were observed when the distances of endoscope entering the model were changed and the endoscope was moved parallelly.When the point A1 was on the b line in visual view of endoscope with 45? elevation angle,the position of b line was named for A1B2.The relationship of positions of Ln with A1B2 were observed when the distances of endoscope entering the model were changed and the endoscope was moved parallelly.The position of A1B1 was compared with A1B2.Results When the distances of endoscope entering the model were changed and the endoscope was moved parallelly,the superposition of Ln with A1B1 and A1B2 could be observed in visual view with 30? and 45? endoscopic elevation angle.The positions of A1B1 and A1B2 were not in superimposition.Conclusion The spatial vertical directions in the view of the endoscope are correlated with the elevation angle but not correlated with the distance of endoscope entering the model and parallel movements of the endoscope.This finding may be helpful for the endoscopic operations.

Objective To evaluate applicative value of laparoscopy in children for the diagnosis and treatment of non-palpable testes.Method We evaluated retrospectively the laparoscopic approach used in 16 boys for the diagnosis and treatment of 21 non-palpable testes. All of them were diagnosed by non-palpable testis before operation.Results 7 cases (11 testis) in the internal ring were mobilized laparoscopically, and the operation was completed by open orchidopexy. Agenesis or atrophy of the 6 testis in the inguinal region was found. 2 high intra-abdominal testis (left) were found. The testis had no found in the intra-abdomen in two cases.Conclusions Miniinvasive laparoscopy is considered at present the standard method for the localization and treatment of non-palpable testes. No serious complications were recorded during or after operation. It should be the preferred method for the non-palpable testes.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of proapoptotic genes HtraA2 in acute myeloid leukemia.Methods 78 cases of AML patients were divided into newly diagnosed AML group,complete remission group and hard flag group,and another 25 cases treated at the same period were set as the control group.The boue marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected from all the groups for total RNA extraction and detection of expressed HtrA2.The HtrA2 expressions were compared among thc groups.Finally 17 patients were followed up for 1～56 months.Results The HtrA2 expression levels of 3 groups were significantly different (x2 =35.13,P ＜ 0.05),with the ratio of maximum to minimum values up to 68.76.There were no statistically significant differences in the relative expression of gcnes HtrA2 among the FAB type (F =0.004,P ＞ 0.05).HtrA2 gene expression after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment in the patients followed up (P ＞ 0.05).HtrA2 gene might affect the survival time of patients (Wald =4.979,P ＜ 0.05),but age and gender had no influence on survival states (Wald =2.426 and 0.833,P ＞ 0.05).Survival curve analysis showed that the median smvival time was 34.50 months in the patients followed up.Conclusion The expression level of HtrA2 can be beneficial for the diagnosis,treatment and prognostic evaluation of AML.