Objective To investigate the applicability of Bakes Caregiving Outcom Scale(BCOS) in the study of primary family caregivers'burden of stroke survivors. Methods The BCOS was used to inves-tigate the 180 primary family caregivers of stroke survivors.The applicability of BCOS was evaluated by in-ternal consistency,construct validity and criterion-related validity. Results The correlation coefficient be-tween the items and the total BCOS score was 0.408～0.725 (P ＜ 0.01 ).The total Cronbach's α was 0.877.Factor analysis used for examining the construct validity showed that 3 components were extracted and their accumulated contribution rate reached 60.93%.Factor loading of each item ranged from 0.510 to 0.875.The criterion-related validity was - 0.461 by using self-rated burden as a criterion(P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions BCOS is applicable in the evaluation of the primary family caregivers' burden of stroke survivors.

Aim To introduce an improved method of Langendorff perfusion of the isolated rat heart that is easy to determine the termination of digestion.Methods Hearts were excised quickly from anesthetized SD rats.After the perfusate was free of blood,the solution was changed to perfusion buffer(0.6% Collagenase B,0.6% BSA,30 ?mol?L-1 Ca2+ in Tyrode solution)at 37℃.Hearts were isolated by traditional and improved Langendorff perfusion.Individual myocardial cell was measured by video-based motion edge-detection system(IonOptix,USA).Results One group of heart was digested by traditional Langendorff perfusion for 13~16 min.The termination of digestion could not be judged properly by this method.The nature and quality of the cardiocytes were various.The cardiocytes could not keep their survival and viability when exposed to Tyrode Solution with 1.8 mmol?L-1 Ca2+.Another group was digested by improved Langendorff perfusion.More than 80% survival cardiac ventricle myocytes could be obtained by improved Langendorff perfusion.Moreover,about 50% cardiac myocytes exposed to Tyrode solution with 1.8 mmol?L-1 Ca2+ could retain rod-shaped and be used to contraction research.The contraction of cardiocyte was stabile within 1 000 s.Conclusion Cardiac myocytes disassociated from improved Langendorff perfusion can be used in these studies of detecting contraction and relaxation.This method is economical and easy to control.The beginners are able to acquire the technological method over a short-term practice.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Xiaoyu-Jiangzhi capsules on blood lipid, carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA) and plaque in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE -/-) mice. Methods:The ApoE -/- mice were fed with high-fat food to establish carotid atherosclerosis model. The ApoE -/- mice were randomly by weight divided into model group, Atorvastatin group, low- and high-dose Xiaoyu-Jiangzhi capsules group. The C57BL/6cnc mice were used as control group and fed with normal diet. The Atorvastatin group was given atorvastatin suspension 1.3 mg/kg, low and high dose groups were given Xiaoyu-Jiangzhi capsule suspension 325 and 975 mg/kg, and the control group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water. The mice were gavaged with 0.1 ml/10 g body weight, once a day, and the weight of mice was recorded weekly. After 12 weeks of continuous intragastric administration, the blood lipid and liver /body weight index of the mice were measured. Carotid arteries were sliced to conduct oil red O staining and VG staining for the pathological analysis. Results:After 12 weeks of drug administration, the weight of mice in the high-dose group was significantly lower than the model group. The level of TC (25.92 ± 4.21 mmol/L vs. 30.39 ± 4.67 mmol/L) and LDL-C (7.97 ± 2.14 mmol/L vs. 10.26 ± 1.97 mmol/L) in the high-dose group significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the level of HDL-C in the low and high-dose group significantly increased ( P<0.05). The pathological results showed that after 12 weeks of administration, the carotid artery lipid deposition blockage rate in the Atorvastatin group and the high dose group were significantly smaller than the model group( P<0.05), and no vascular plaque has been formed. Conclusion:The Xiaoyu-Jiangzhi capsules could reduce LDL-C, increase HDL-C levels, reduce the constriction of arterial stenosis and slow down the formation process of carotid plaque.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Yiqifumai mixture on ventricular arrhythmia induced by isoproterenol. Methods Forty spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into a control group and a Chinese medicine (TCM) group with 20 rats in each group. The control group was given distilled water 3.48 mL·kg-1·d-1, and the TCM group was given Yiqifumai mixture (composition: Codonopsis pilosula, Rhizoma coptidis, Pinellia ternate, Euonymus alatus, Rhizome of chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix paeoniae rubra, Radix paeonia alba, Licorice, Zizyphus jujuba, Polygala tenuifolia) 3.48 mL·kg-1·d-1, both groups were administered continuously for 7 days. Arrhythmia was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol 100 mg/kg into the neck 1 hour after the last administration in both groups. ECG telemetry was carried out for 2 hours to record whether single premature ventricular contraction (SP), paired premature ventricular contraction (PP) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurred in the control group and the TCM group, and the incidences, numbers and times of their occurrences were registered. Results There were no statistical significant differences in SP incidence (SPR), PP incidence (PPR), VT incidence (VTR) between the control group and TCM group at 1 hour and 2 hours [1 hour SPR was 90% (18/20) vs. 80% (16/20), PPR was 65% (13/20) vs. 65% (13/20), VTR was 45% (9/20) vs. 40% (8/20); 2 hours SPR was 100% (20/20) vs. 100% (20/20), PPR was 75% (15/20) vs. 75% (15/20), VTR was 65% (13/20) vs. 60% (12/20); all P > 0.05]. After 1 hour of ECG telemetry, the number of SP in the TCM group was significantly lower than that in the control group [numbers: 10.00 (4.00, 11.00) vs. 16.00 (8.50, 42.50), P < 0.05]; after 2 hours of ECG telemetry, the numbers of SP, PP and VT in the TCM group were significantly lower than those in the control group [SP (numbers), 27.00 (15.50, 38.00) vs. 37.50 (24.00, 74.50), PP (numbers), 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) vs 7.00 (5.00, 11.00), VT (numbers), 2.50 (1.25, 4.00) vs. 7.00 (4.50, 11.00), all P <0.05]. After 1 hour and 2 hours of ECG telemetry, the occurrence times of SP, PP and VT were slightly longer than those in cintrol group, but there were no significant differences between the two groups [1 hour: SP (minutes) was 4.35 (3.65, 9.90) vs. 3.66 (1.12, 9.52), PP (minutes) was 35.56 (26.78, 46.42) vs. 23.39 (11.74, 43.42), VT (minutes) was 22.31 (6.25, 30.02) vs. 14.27 (8.79, 31.38); 2 hours: SP (minutes) was 7.06 (3.65,12.29) vs. 4.09 (1.38, 14.11), PP (minutes) was 46.40 (33.88, 71.39) vs. 33.81(14.54, 46.20), VT (minutes) was 75.49 (59.37, 96.63) vs. 60.55 (24.65, 86.48), all P > 0.05]. Conclusion Yiqifumai mixture has the effect of anti-arrhythmia induced by isoproterenol and its effect in longer term use is more significant.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of continuous infusion of lidocaine via urinary catheter for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing urological surgery.Methods:Forty male American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 65-75 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: continuous infusion of lidocaine through urinary catheter group (group L) and patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) group (group PCIA). All the patients underwent total intravenous anesthesia, and a matched type of sterile urethral irrigation catheter was inserted after the operation.In group L, 0.5% lidocaine was continuously infused at a rate of 5 ml/h via the urinary catheter, while the equal volume of 0.9% normal saline was continuously infused via the urinary catheter, and PCIA was connected in group PCIA.PCIA solution contained sufentanil 125 μg (diluted to 250 ml in normal saline), and the PCA pump was set up with a 5 ml bolus dose, a 15 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 5 ml/h.When visual analogue score was>4, sufentanil 0.05 μg/kg was injected intravenously as rescue analgesic.The development and severity of catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) were recorded immediately at the end of the operation (T 1), and at 6 h (T 2), 24 h (T 3) and 48 h (T 4) after the operation, respectively.Riker sedation-agitation scale (SAS) score was recorded at T 1, 2, and QoR-9 scale was recorded at T 3, 4.The concentrations of serum cortisol (Cor), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and blood glucose (Glu) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.First off-bed time, exhaust time, length of hospital stay after surgery, and the requirement for rescue analgesia and adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, hypotension, skin itching) within 48 h after the operation were recorded. Results:Compared with group PCIA, the incidence of CRBD and the severity were significantly decreased at T 1-4, SAS score was decreased at T 1, 2, QoR-9 score was increased at T 3, 4, Cor, NE, E and Glu concentrations were decreased at T 1-4, the incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia was decreased, first off-bed time, exhaust time and length of hospital stay after surgery was shortened, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, hypotension, skin itching was decreased in group L ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Continuous infusion of lidocaine through the urinary catheter can provide good postoperative analgesia, reduce postoperative stress response and adverse reactions, and facilitate early postoperative recovery in patients undergoing urological surgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of baicalin against Candida albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.

METHODVarious concentrations of baicalin (100, 50, 10 mg x L(-1)) were incubated with C. albicans suspension, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and human buccal epitherial cells, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and vaginal epitherial cells, respectively. The effects of baicalin on C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells were then assessed microscopically.

RESULTAll concentrations of baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherent to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells,while there was no significant difference between standard and clinical strains.

CONCLUSIONBaicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.

Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Candidiasis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Cheek ; microbiology ; Epithelial Cells ; microbiology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; microbiology ; Vagina ; microbiology ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the significance of the initial clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of neuroblastoma(NB)to achive early identification of NB. Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with NB,who attended the Hematology Oncology Center,Beijing Childrenˊs Hospital from March 31st ,2007 to March 31st,2015. The clinical characteristics were compared between the children 〈1_year_old and≥1_year_old. The result was analyzed to compare the difference in clinical symptoms and tumor biologic characteristics of patients with different initial clinical symptoms between 2 groups. Results A total of 330 patients were included in the study,43 of them were younger than 1 year old,and their most common symptoms were cough and fever( each 17 cases,and accounted for 39. 5%,respectively);while the most common symptoms in patients≥1_year_old(287 cases)was fe_ver(177 cases,61. 7%),followed by lymphadenopathy(107 cases,37. 3%),bone pain(97 cases,33. 8%)and anemia (48 cases,16. 7%). The frequency of symptoms differed significantly between 2 groups(all P〈0. 05),such as fever (39. 5% vs. 61. 7%,χ2 ﹦6. 68),anemia(4. 7% vs. 16. 7%,χ2 ﹦6. 00),bone pain(0 vs. 33. 8%,χ2 ﹦18. 99),abdo_minal pain(0 vs. 25. 3%,χ2 ﹦10. 19),diarrhea(16. 3% vs. 3. 0%,χ2 ﹦12. 73),lymphadenopathy(7. 0% vs. 37. 3%, χ2 ﹦14. 12)and anorexia(9. 3% vs. 33. 4%,χ2 ﹦9. 21). Datients had fever,anemia,lymphadenopathy,cutaneous hemorrhagic spot or periorbital ecchymosis,bone pain,abdominal pain,exophthalmos,and anorexia early in the initial course of the disease,whose serum lactate dehydrogenase values were significantly increased(P〈0. 05). Datients suf_fered from fever,anemia,lymphadenopathy,bone pain,limbs dysfunctions,abdominal pain at the beginning of the disease,whose urine vanillymandelic acid values were higher than normal(P〈0. 05). Conclusions The study of sympto_mology suggests the most common symptoms in patients with NB 〈1_year_old are cough and fever,while those ≥1_year_old are fever,lymphadenopathy,bone pain,and anemia. Por patients with symptoms mentioned,carrying out the necessary NB_diagnose_related laboratory and imaging studies was statistically relevant to patientsˊ ages(〈1_year_old and≥1_year_old),which may contribute to earlier identification and diagnosis of NB.

Objective To establish a test of autoantibody-panel for the diagnosis of autoimmune cerebellitis (AC) and determine the prevalence of AC in patients with cerebellar ataxia of unknown etiology.Methods Autoantibody screening tests with indirect immunofluorescence were performed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 400 previously'idiopathic'Chinese patients with cerebral ataxia (inpatients and outpatients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital or referred from hospitals of Beijing Encephalitis Group from 2016 to 2018).Immunotherapy was given to autoantibody positive patients and the effectiveness of immunotherapy was assessed.Detailed AC autoantibodies panel included anti-glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody,anti-Tr (delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER)) antibody,anti-zinc finger protein 4 (ZIC4) antibody,anti-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1) antibody,anti-homer protein homolog 3 (Homer 3) antibody,anti-neurochondrin (NCDN) antibody,anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein (CARP) antibody and anti-Purkinje cell antibody 2 (PCA2) antibody.Results Eight out of 400 (2％) ataxia patients were positive for this AC panel tests,of whom two were positive for anti-GAD65 antibody,two for anti-Tr antibody,one for anti-PCA2 antibody,one for anti-Homer 3 antibody and two were positive for serum anti-NCDN antibody.Autoantibodies against ZIC4,ITPR1 and CARP were not detected in this cohort.Two of the eight ataxia patients also presented with limbic encephalitis,and only one anti-GAD antibody patient was screened with underlying small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).All the eight patients received immunotherapy and four experienced partial response.Conclusions Autoimmune cerebellitis is the cause of acquired cerebellar ataxia.Tests of autoantibodies associated with AC have diagnostic value for paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia.Immunotherapy may yield partial response in patients with AC.

Isolation rearing (IR) enhances aggressive behavior, and the central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system has been linked to IR-induced aggression. However, whether the alteration of central serotonin is the cause or consequence of enhanced aggression is still unknown. In the present study, using mice deficient in central serotonin Tph2 and Lmx1b, we examined the association between central serotonin and aggression with or without social isolation. We demonstrated that central serotonergic neurons are critical for the enhanced aggression after IR. 5-HT depletion in wild-type mice increased aggression. On the other hand, application of 5-HT in Lmx1b mice inhibited the enhancement of aggression under social isolation conditions. Dopamine was downregulated in Lmx1b mice. Similar to 5-HT, L-DOPA decreased aggression in Lmx1b mice. Our results link the serotoninergic system directly to aggression and this may have clinical implications for aggression-related human conditions.