Objective: To investigate the expression of human leukocyte antigens(HLA) in human fetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) after long time culture as well as the changes in response to interferon-?(IFN-?) treatment.Methods: Human fetal MSCs were collected from 23 to 24-weeks-old fetues with the approval of Ethic Committee of Peking University Health Science Center.The cells of passage 5 and passage 12 were analyzed for HLA expression before and after IFN-?(50 ?g/L) treatment by flow cytometry at different time points.The passage 5 cells were also treated with an additional dose of IFN-?(5 ?g/L) and the HLA expression was analyzed 24,48,72,96 and 120 h after treatment.RT-PCR was used to evaluate HLA-G and HLA-E expression at mRNA level in human fetal MSCs.Results: Flow cytometry results showed that fetal MSCs expressed high level of HLA class Ⅰ(HLA-Ⅰ) antigen,but extremely low level of HLA class Ⅱ(HLA-Ⅱ) antigen.The percentage of HLA-Ⅰ positive MSCs in total MSCs was approximately over 50%,while that of HLA-Ⅱ positive MSCs in total MSCs was less than 10%.IFN-?(50 ?g/L) enhanced the HLA-Ⅰ and HLA-Ⅱ expression in a time dependent manner and increased the percentage of HLA-Ⅰ positive cells in both passage 5 and passage 12 cells but preferably in passage 5 cells.The enhanced HLA-Ⅱ expression was seen 48 h after IFN-? treatment in passage 5 cells(59.9%) but 72 h in passage 12 cells(48.1%).The treatment of 5 ?g/L IFN-? also increased percentage of HLA-Ⅰ and HLA-Ⅱ positive MSCs,but with a relatively less extent compared to the 50?g/L IFN-? treatment group.RT-PCR result indicated HLA-G and HLA-E were expressed at mRNA level in human fetal MSCs.Conclusion: Human fetal MSCs can be induced to express both HLA class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ antigens by IFN-?.The long time culture might reduce the IFN-? effects.Human fetal MSCs express HLA-G and HLA-E at mRNA level.

With the improvement of social living standard and the continuous promotion of patients' requirements,the integrated nursing work has already been a complicated and creative job,and brings nursing staff a huge psychological stress.A good mental character is one of the key factors that builds up and adjusts the harmonious relationship between patients and nurses,furthermore,is also a necessity for nurses to accomplish integrated nursing work.Therefore,it is hospital governors' first consideration to help nurses relive mental pressures and improve their adapting capacity.

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)are ligand activated transcriptional factors and belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.PPARs play important roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism,energy homeostasis,cell proliferation,differentiation and reproduction.Furthermore,PPARs agonists were closely correlated to atherosclerosis and involved in delaying the formation of atherosclerosis.

Background The primary pathological basis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is new blood formation due to anoxia and inflammation,which results in breakdown of blood-retinal barrier (BRB).Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key factor promoting neovascularization.Researches determined that lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) can protect cells against oxidative damage.However,the study of LBP in ophthalmology is lack.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of LBP on the dynamic pathological change of retinal vessels and expression of VEGF in retina of diabetic rats.Methods One hundred and seventeen SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,the diabetic mellitus (DM) group and the LBP group according to random number table.Type 1 DM models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,55 mg/kg) in the rats of the DM group and the LBP group,and then 250 mg/kg LBP was intragastically administered in the rats of the LBP group.The morphological change of retinal vessels was dynamically observed by retinal stretched preparation with Evans blue (EB) in 4,10 and 16 weeks after modeling.E B (45 mg/kg) was slowly injection via jugular vein,and 1％ polyoxymethylene was infused into the left ventricule.The eyeballs were extracted and retina were isolated.EB content in the retinas (mg/g) was calculated using retinal stretched preparation method at the time points mentioned above.Expressions of VEGF protein and mRNA in the retinas were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR at various time points,respectively.Results Retinal stretched preparation with EB exhibited that the abnormal degree in the shape,diameter of vessels and leakage of the retinal blood vessels were significantly slighter in the LBP group than those of the DM group in 4,10,16 weeks after modeling.At 4,10,16 weeks,EB content in the retinas was (12.17±1.55),(16.46±1.60) and (19.55±1.49) mg/g,which was significantly lower than (15.76± 1.90),(21.61 ±2.05) and (26.30±2.28) mg/g of the DM group (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry showed that the expression of VEGF protein primarily located at retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) layer.The staining intensity for VEGF protein was weaker in the LBP group than that of the DM group.The expression levels of VEGF protein (A value) in the LBP group were 0.234±0.011,0.331±0.023 and 0.536±0.031at various time points,with significant decline in comparison with 0.281±0.018,0.533±0.055 and 0.765±0.075 of the DM group (all at P＜0.05).Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression levels of VEGF mRNA were 0.157±0.013,0.505 ±0.114 and 1.577±0.074 in the LBP group at various time points,which were significantly lower than 0.235±0.209,1.043±0.084 and 2.446±0.061 of the DM group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions LBP can alleviate the DM-induced retinal vasculopathy,lessen the leakage of vessels well,and further protect the BRB.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of intravascular stenting (PTAS) and internal medicine in the treatment of secondary severe stroke in young patients with severe symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis.Methods The clinical data of 77 cases with severe symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis(ste nosis rate≥70％)confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) were collected retrospectively in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2015.The patients were divided into PTAS group and medical treatment group,and the data were collected including the modified Rankin Score (mRS score) at admission,the US National Institutes of Health Stroke volume neurological impairments score (NIHSS score)at admission,as well as mRS score,the recurrence of ischemic stroke,death and intracerebral hemorrhage within 1 year.Results The primary end-point rates within 30 days after enrollment in PTAS group and medical treatment group were 0％ and 5.77％ respectively,and the stroke recurrence rates within 1 year were 4.35％ and 13.46％ respectively,The differ ence was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Meanwhile,there was no death and intracerebral hemorrhage in both two groups.The rates of mRS≤1 were 91.30 ％ and 69.23 ％ respectively in PTAS group and medical treatment group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The rates of mRS≤2 were 95.65 ％ and 84.62 ％ respectively in PTAS group and medical treat ment group,and the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion PTAS is safe for the severe symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis,and is more efficient in dectasing the risk of recurrent stroke in young population compared with medical treatment.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of everolimus vs. rapamycin in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, 8-week old diabetic (db/db) mice received everolimus (2 mg/kg every day) or rapamycin (2 mg/kg every day) for 4 weeks or 12 weeks respectively. Blood and 24-h urine samples were collected for biochemical tests. One kidney from each mouse was homogenized for protein analysis and the other was removed for histological analysis. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and phospho-p70s6k were detected by using ELISA and Western blot, respectively in the renal tissue as well as in mesengial cell culture samples. Everolimus was significantly more effective than rapamycin in improving indexes of renal function and glomerular hypertrophy, and in decreasing accumulation and expansion of the extracellular matrix. However, everolimus inhibited TGF-β1 secretion and p70s6k phosphorylation induced by high glucose in vitro less efficiently than rapamycin at the same dose. Everolimus was more effective than rapamycin in preventing diabetic nephropathy in vivo, which may be contributed to the fact that everolimus has better bioavailability and a higher oral absorption rate.

Objective To explore the recurrence of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) after stopping nucleoside (acid) analogue(NAs) and the impact of residual amount of serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA on recurrence. Methods Seventy-nine CHB patients, who received treatment of NAs and achieved standard withdrawal were enrolled in this study. According to lab examination, there were 47 hepatitis B e antigens (HBeAg)-positive patients and 32 HBeAg-negative patients. Meanwhile, 33 CHB patients received lamivudine treatment (LAM group), 27 CHB patients received adefovir treatment (ADV group), and 19 CHB patients received entecavir treatment (ETV group). The biochemical and virological indicators of CHB patients′recurrence would be recorded after 48 weeks. Results There were 43 CHB patients (54.4%), whose indicators of HBV DNA turned positive after discontinuity of treatment with NAs of 48 weeks. There were 27 CHB patients (55.3%), the HBV DNA of whom turned positive among 47 HBeAg-positive patients, and 17 patients(53.1%) among 32 HBeAg-negative patients, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In addition, the positive conversion rate after stopping treatment with NAs of 48 weeks in LAM group, ADV group and ETV group had no significant difference:54.5%(18/33), 51.9%(14/27), 11/19, P > 0.05. Moreover, there were 36 patients (45.6%) whose index of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) increased again after discontinuity of treatment with NAs of 48 weeks . There were 20 CHB patients (42.6%) in HBeAg-positive patients, and 16 patients (50.0%) in HBeAg-negative patients, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The rate of ALT increase again in LAM group, ADV group and ETV group had no significant difference: 48.5%(16/33), 40.7%(11/27), and 9/19, P >0.05. According to the results of serum samples of 79 CHB patients with Roche reagent when stopping using NAs, in 35 CHB patients (44.3%) serum HBV DNA>12 × 103 U/L was detected. However, serum HBV DNA>5 × 105 U/L was detected in 25 CHB patients (71.4%)among 35 patients with serum HBV DNA > 12 × 103 U/L after 48 weeks, and merely in 18 CHB patients (40.9%) among 44 patients with serum HBV DNA < 12 × 103 U/L, and there was significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusions The CHB patients with standard withdrawal still have high recurrence rate after stopping treating, whatever medicine was used. Then, residual amount of serum HBV DNA is an important indicator for predicting relapse of CHB. Meanwhile, the retreatment of these patients should be researched further.

Objective To investigate elderly patients with thoracic radiotherapy nausea result after risk factors associated with radiation pneumonitis.Methods The clinical data of a total of 440 cases of cancer patients with chest radiation therapy during January 2010-January 2014 were collected retrospectively.Of them,76 cases of radiation pneumonitis after radiotherapy were compared with other patients.The unconditional Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship of radiation pneumonitis and different factors including smoking,pulmonary dysfunction,combination with chemotherapy,radiation dose,and radiation sites.Results Elderly incidence of radiation pneumonitis was 17.27％.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed the chi-square value of smoking,pulmonary dysfunction,combined with chemotherapy,radiation dose,and radiation sites was significant correlation (x2 =16.936,19.633,11.531,17.133,10.178,P ＜0.05),and the correlation degree was gradually decreased from pulmonary dysfunction,radiation dose,smoking,combined chemotherapy,to radiation site.Conclusions Elderly patients with thoracic malignancies after radiotherapy had more radiation pneumonitis,which was related to smoking,previous chemotherapy PO2 ＜ 80％,combined with chemotherapy,radiation dose ≥ 55 Gy,and low-lung radiation.The correlation degree was gradually decreased from chemotherapy before PO2 ＜ 80％,the radiation dose ≥55 Gy,smoking,combined chemotherapy,to low-lung radiation.

This study aimed to identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants by ITS2 sequence. All the DNA samples of Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants were extracted. The ITS2 sequence were succesfully amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. All the sequences were assembled using the CondonCode Aligner V3.7.1. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distances and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were calculated by using MEGA5.1. Results indicated that the maximum intraspecific genetic distances of Belamcandae Rhizoma was 0, and the average GC content was 52.22%;the maximum intraspecific genetic distances of Iridis tectori Rhizoma was 0.004, and the average GC content was 67.87%. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distance of Belamcanda chinensis, Iris tectorum were both lower than the minimum interspecific genetic distance of adulterants. Additionally, the ITS2 sequences in each of these polytypic species were separated into pairs of divergent clusters in the NJ tree. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants could be distinguished clearly. It could be concluded that ITS2 barcode can be used to correctly identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma from their adulterants, and ensure their safety in use.

Aim To investigate the effect of zacopride ( Zac) on cardiac arrhythmia in isoproterenol ( ISO)-in-duced myocardial hypertrophic rats and the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms .Methods ① Fifty-one rats were randomly divided into control group ( n=17 ) , ISO group ( n=17 ) and ISO +Zac group ( n =17 ) .Rat model with cardiac arrhythmia and hypertro-phy was established by intraperitoneal ISO ( 5 mg?kg -1 ) injection.②ECGs were recorded to observe the effects of Zac on arrhythmia in model rats .③ Whole-cell patch clamp was applied to record inwardly rectifi-er potassium current(IK1), resting membrane potential ( RMP ) and amplicated delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs).Results ① Echocardiographic examination showed that , left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) significantly decreased in rats in ISO group compared with control group , whereas left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness ( LVPWd) and in-terventricular septum end-diastolic thickness ( IVSd ) increased ( P<0.05 ) , suggesting rat model of isoprot-erenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy was successfully established .② ECGs showed that 88.89% of rats in ISO group had ventricular premature beats ( VPBs ) , which significantly decreased to 11.11% after the ap-plication of Zac ( P <0.05 ) .③ Values of RMP de-creased from ( -71.05 ±1.27 ) mV in control group to (-69.38 ±1.21 ) mV in ISO group ( P<0.05 ) . After Zac administration , RMP significantly increased to ( -73.86 ±1.33 ) mV compared with control and ISO group(P<0.05).④DADs and TA incidence sig-nificantly decreased from 88.24% in ISO group to 11.76%in ISO+Zac group ( P<0.05 ) .⑤ Compared with control group , IK1 density was markedly reduced in ISO group, whereas Zac could effectively rescue IK1 suppression to normal level .Conclusions Zac, as a selective IK1 channel agonist , can significantly inhibit cardiac arrhythmia in isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophic rats , which is mainly attributed to in-creased RMP by enhancing IK1 and subsequent suppres-sion of DADs.