Lung cancer is the most common cause of the death from cancers for both male and female in the world. Surgery remains the most effective method for controlling the primary tumour in most cases, but only 20% primary lesions can be resected. 80% patients should be treated by non-surgical methods. In recent years, radiotherapy has a fast development in the equipment and especially in the theory of radiobiology, but the curability of lung cancer still poor. In this paper we discussed the radiotherapy of lung cancer and how to choose the energe of X-ray, design the fields; the proceeding of irradiation; and it is necessary to find out a new regulation for stages that is available to indicate non-surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general pattern and features of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of defibrase.MET-HODS:The cases of ADRs of defibrase reported in the national medical journals during 1999 and 2003 were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:ADRs of defibrase mainly included bleeding,urticaria,high fever,positive cutantest,liver function injury,ecchymoma,purpura haemorrhagica,incision hemorrhea,and arterial embolism.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to ADRs of defribrase in clinic in order to ensure the safety of drug use.

Objective To study the effect of calorie restriction at early age of rats on their islet β cell mass in adulthood.Methods Sixteen 8-week-old male SD rats were randomized to control group (n=7) and calorie restricted group (n =9).The rats in control group took food freely,while the ones in calorie restricted group were given 70％ calorie of the control group.After 24 week calorie restriction,cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were tested.The β cell mass was measured by immunohistochefistry and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreas homogenate were determined by ELISA.Results The increase of the body weights(45 g vs.184 g)and the level of TG [(0.61±0.15)mmol/L vs.(0.78±0.14)mmol/ L]of the rats in the calorie restricted group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),while the β cell mass [(43.6±9.8)mg vs.(31.9± 11.6)mg],β cell mass of every milligram pancreas tissue[(89.7 ± 7.4) μg/mg vs.(44.8g ± 14.1) μg/mg] and β cell mass per body weight[(11.5±2.5) × 10-5 vs.(6.3 ±2.3) × 10-5]of the rats in the calorie restricted group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).There were no differences in the SOD activity [(0.91±0.30)nmol/ mg protein vs.(0.68±0.14)nmol/ mg protein]and MDA level [4.97± 0.65)U /mg protein vs.(6.05 ±2.14)U/mg protein] in pancreas homogenate between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Calorie restriction at early age of rats may increase the islet β cell mass in their adulthood.

[Objective]To evaluate surgical treatment and curative effect of intercondylar humeral comminuted fractures.[Method]Twenty-one cases of intercondylar humeral comminuted fractures were collected from February 2001 to December 2005. The fractures were classified to 5 cases of C1,9 cases of C2 and 7 cases of C3 according to the AO classification.Seventeen fractures were internal fixed by open-reduction, and 4 fractures were treated by total elbow replacement. After olecranon osteotomy, capitate eminence and trochlea humerus were reducted and fixed with bone screw,while shaft of humerus and the distal end of humerus were fixed with AO double plate or Y-shaped plate in internal fixed group. Early physiotherapy were started as soon as possible. The elbow replacement group were replaced by semi-restriction elbow prosthesis and fixed with cemente following physiotherapy after 4 to 7 days.[Result]forteen of 17 cases were postoperatively followed-up in internal fixed group from 12 to 44 months, and all cases had been visited for 14 to 36 months in elbow replacement group. According to modified Cassebaum scoring system, 71.4% were good in internal fixed group and 100% in elbow replacement group.[Conclusion]It has good curative effect in intercondylar humeral comminuted fractures with olecranon osteotomy, the AO double plate or Y-shaped plate internal fixation and early physiotherapy. With severe injury of the distal end of humerus, obviously osteoporosis and older than 50 years, the total elbow arthroplasty and replacement are preferred.

Eleven-week-old SD rats were randomized into control and calorie restriction group. The pancreatic β cell function and oxidative stress indexes in the two groups were compared after 24-week intervention. The results showed that calorie restriction, which started from young age, improved the early insulin secretion after glucose loading and alleviated the oxidative stress in adult rats, which wag related to the reduction of body weight.

Chronic venous disorder (CVD) of the lower extremities generally induces dermatologic complications in lower extremity skin, such as hyperpigmentation. If not treated effectively, the lesions may develop into severe outcomes, including dermal ulcer or necrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Livin expression on VSV-induced apoptsis of A549 cells.Methods The expression of Livin of A549 cells was inhibited by RNA interference.VSV-induced apoptosis of A549 cells was observed by Tunel assay.Protein Level of livin was detected by Western blot.Caspase-3 activity was detected by the fluorescence-based quantitative method.Results Livin downregulation VSV-induced apoptosis of A549 cells.Inhibited the expression of Livin of A549 cells had increased Caspase-3 activity.Conclusion The effect of Livin on VSV-induced apoptotic of A549 cells could be increased by RNA interference.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis,preoperative examination and surgical treatment of carotid body tumor(CBT).Methods From December 2008 to December 2012 80 patients of carotid body tumor were treated in our center.The average age was(43:±:12)years,33 cases were male,47 cases were female.The lesions were unilateral in 68 cases and bilateral in 12.All tumors were surgically resected.In 26 of Shamblin Ⅰ,32 of Shamblin Ⅱ and 19 of Shamblin Ⅲ tumors were simply resected.One Shamblin Ⅱ and 2 Shamblin Ⅲ cases underwent tumor resection combined with external carotid embolization.3 Shamblin Ⅱ and 8 Shamblin Ⅲ cases were treated by tumor resection combined with internal carotid reconstruction,1 Shamblin Ⅲ was done with tumor resection combined internal carotid repair.Results All of 80 patients with 92 tumors were successfully resected.There was no death case during peroperative period,while one case developed hemiplegia and 14 cases suffered cranial nerve injuries.68 cases (85％) were followed-up from 1 year to 6 years.Thera were 14 patients with cranial nerve injuries,2 of them were lost to follow-up,11 with complete or partial recovery and 1 was still doing poorly.Conclusions Tumor size and its relation to the carotid artery form the basis upon which appropriate operation is adopted.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a nerve-endocrine mediated bidirectional communication system between the gut and brain, which links the cognition and emotion in brain to peripheral intestinal function. In recent years, many researches have showed that colonized intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the communication between gut and brain. On one hand, microbiota can influence the development and function of brain via GBA. On the other hand, brain can also change the composition of gut microbiota. These findings gradually become a novel medical research highlight, i.e. the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This paper reviews the interaction between gut microbiota and brain via GBA in order to provide supports for studying functions of gastrointestinal tract and brain, as well as the treatment of related diseases.

Objective Microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder ( MPPHP) is a most commonly used hemostatic mate-rial, but reports are rarely seen on its application in posterior spinal orthopedic surgery.The present paper aimed to investigate the val-ue of MPPHP in stopping bleeding in posterior spinal surgery. Methods Twenty-four 5-month-old New Zealand rabbits were equally randomized to an experimental and a control group.An 8 cm-long wound was made in the back muscle of animals to establish the model of spinal posterior surgery.MPPHP was applied to the wound of the experimental rabbits but none to that of the controls.Comparisons were made between the two groups of animals in the bleeding time, in vitro coagulation time, intra-operative blood loss, and results of pre-and post-operative blood routine and histopathological examinations. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in the mean bleeding time ([15.36 ±1.42]s vs [347.58 ±32.43]s, P<0.05), in vitro coagulation time ([235.41 ±21.08]s vs [722.16 ±40.35]s, P<0.05), and intra-operative blood loss ([1.61 ±0.24]g vs [2.86 ± 0.37] g, P <0.05).After operation, the experimental animals showed a significantly higher count of erythrocytes than the controls ([5.68 ±0.46] ×106/L vs [4.47 ±0.43] ×106/L, P<0.05)and a higher level of hemoglobin than the latter ([12.67 ±1.18]g/L vs [10.64 ±1.05]g/L, P=0.00).There were no significant differences in the effectiveness and excellence rates of hemostasis between the experimental and control groups (100%vs 83.33%and 83.33%vs 66.67%, P>0.05).Pathological examination revealed mild bleeding and a small number of red blood cells in the muscle interstitium and blood vessel lumen of the experimental rabbits as compared with the controls. Conclusion Intraoperative topical ap-plication of MPPHP can reduce blood loss and achieve rapid and efficient hemostasis in posterior spinal surgery without affecting wound healing.