Objective To explore the effect of oxygen inhalation on the retinae of newborn rats and its mechanism. Methods We mimicked the retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) by putting the newborn rats in high concentrated oxygen. One-day-old rats were put into the oxygen box with the oxygen concentration of 80% for continuous 7 days; then in air condition for 7 days. The arterial blood oxygen pressure, retinal superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the rats (1,2,4,7,8,9,11,14 days old) were examined. The diameter of retinal vessels′ main branch and the coverage rate of peripheral vessels were measured in 7- and 14-day-old rats by ink perfusion. The retinal neovascularization of rats (8,9,11,14 days old) were observed by HE staining. The rats of the same age fed in air condition were in the control group. Results The differential pressures of blood oxygen of rats (1,2,4,7 days old) in study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P0.05). The contents of SOD of the retinae in the rats (1,2,4,7,8 days old) were significantly lower than those in the control group(P

OBJECTIVE:Indomethacinum(Ind) and diclofenac sodium(Dcs) were taken as model drugs to study the enhancing effect of l-menthol on percutaneous absorption of two compounds with different characteristics,and to probe into the effect of combined use of l-menthol with azone.METHODS:Percutaneous penetration experiment was performed on in vitro device and deposit effect was observed with vivoperception.RESULTS:l-menthol could significantly enhance the percutaneous absorption and shorten the lag times(T1ag) of both Ind and Dcs.The enhancing effects of l-menthol,used either alone or in combination with azone,were several times stronger on Ind than on Dcs.Combined use of two enhances was more effective in enhancing penetration and longer in T1ag than single use of l-menthol,especially for Dcs.The study on deposit effect showed that l-menthol could increase the penetration rate than control agent(P

The popularization of home medical equipment facilitates the treatment and management of many diseases, improving the patient compliance. However, due to the absence of medical background, most of their users have various security risk in the course of reorganization, choosing, using and maintenance of the products. This paper analyzed the property of security risk in home medical equipment, and described the matters needing attention in the using of several common products.
Consumer Product Safety ; Equipment and Supplies ; Household Articles ; Risk Assessment

Objective To compare the curative effects of multi-level puncture versus single-level puncture percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) for treatment of multiple-level osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures(OVCF) in senile patients.Methods From June 2008 through November 2014,89 senile patients with fresh multiple-level OVCF underwent PVP guided by C-arm fluoroscopy in prone position.Of them,51 received PVP in which the vertebrae of multiple levels were simultaneously punctured for bone cement injection while the other 38 received PVP in which the vertebrae of multiple levels were punctured one by one for bone cement injection.The 2 groups were compatible with no significant differences in preoperative demographic data (P ＞ 0.05).The 2 groups were compared in terms of visual analgesic scale (VAS),operation time for a single vertebra,fluoroscopy times for a single vertebra,bone cement injection amount for a single vertebra,and extraosseous cement leakage.Results PVP procedures were successful in both groups without serious complications.The VAS scores in both groups at 2 days post-operation were significantly lower than those at pre-operation(P ＜ 0.05).The operation time and fluoroscopy times for a single vertebra in the multi-level puncture PVP group were significantly less than those in the single-level puncture PVP group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in bone cement injection amount for a single vertebra or extraosseous cement leakage (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The curative effects of multi-level puncture and single-level PVP are satisfactory for senile OVCF,but multi-level puncture PVP may lead to less operation time and less X-ray exposure.

Introduced in the paper are key measures and characteristics of the attending in charge system,following the theory of lean management and under leadership of the department head of the hospital.Authors hold the practice as enhancing administrative functionality of the department head, avoiding disadvantages incurred by traditional attending in charge system,and upholding quality of care management,making it a worthwhile attempt for China's healthcare system.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of improved pleural biopsy combined with biomarker and cytology detection in pleural effusion of unknown origin.Methods The clinical data in 216 cases of pleural effusion were respectively analyzed including 106 cases of tuberculous pleural effusion(tuberculosis group) and 110 cases of malignant pleural effusion(malignant group).All cases were performed the improved pleural biopsy,cytology examination and detection of pleural effusion ADA,CEA and LDH,and serum CEA.The pleural biopsy diagnosis rate was performed the statistics,and pleural effusion ADA,CEA and LDH,serum CEA,and pleural effusion CEA/serum CEA were compared between the two groups.Results Among 216 cases,241 times of pleural biopsy puncture were conducted,the first time puncture success rate was 94.9 ％ (205/216).Having the diagnostic value among pathological results of pleural biopsy materials in first puncture success accounted for 58.8％ (127/216),and the overall diagnosis rate was 65.3 ％ (141/216).The incidence rate of adverse reactions was 5.8 ％ (14/241).In the tuberculosis group,no case showed cytology tumor cell positive,while the cytology tumor cell positive rate in the malignant group was 54.5％ (60/110);pleural effusion CEA and LDH,serum CEA and pleural effusion CEA / serum CEA levels and positive rates in the malignant group were significantly higher than those in the tuberculosis group,while the pleural effusion ADA level and positive rate were significantly lower than those in the tuberculosis group the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion Improved pleural biopsy,pleural effusion cytology,pleural effusion biomarkers have a certain limitation in alone auxiliary diagnosis of pleural effusion.The various indicators can be combined to determine the etiology of pleural effusion in clinic for guiding treatment.

Electronic portal imaging device(EPID) is now been used widely.EPID was initially used for the purpose of checking set-up error.There are two ways to verify set-up errors-on-line and off-line.With advanced knowledge about the dosimetry characteristics of EPID,the use of EPID for dosimetry verification was adapted from the research study to the clinic.EPID plays an important role in quality assurance of radiotherapy accessories including multileaf collimator(MLC)that has been most studied in the past couple of years.This article briefly reviews the clinical use of EPID.

AIM: To investigate the effect of l menthol on percutaneous absorption of metronidazole through changing the skin character in rabbits. METHODS: Using rabbit skin with different character as transdermal barrier, and l menthol as transdermal enhancer, the absorbance of metronidazole was determined with a two cells diffusion apparatus in vitro, and its permeability was figured out. RESULTS: The transdermal action of l menthol on percutaneous absorption of metronidazole was very evident when the corneum was eliminated; l menthol and azone could increase the desposit function of metronidazole in the intact skin, but had no effect on the skin without corneum. The result also showed that the percutaneous absorption and intact skins desposit function of metronidazole had no difference between l menthol and azone. CONCLUSION: L menthol can increase the percutaneous absorption of metronidazole. The site of the action is mainly the corneum which has desposit function.

Compared with the recycle of post-consumer medical equipments in medical institutions, the treatment of post-consumer home medical equipments (HME) should be consummated in the field of academic research, policy and regulatory plus corresponding supporting industries. The HME industry situation and its classification, main components and properties are reviewed in this paper. The merits and demerits of various pollution control techniques in the recycle of post-consumer medical equipments are analysed. For instance, the source control techniques to improve the property of raw materials, the end treatment technique to recycle the HME and regenerate energy are also discussed. Further, the development prospect of pollution control technique in the recycle of HME and the challenges must face up to are also probed.
Environmental Pollution ; prevention & control ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Industry

Objective To investigate the advantage of the intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) by allowing dose heterogeneity in the target volume in esophageal cancer treatment planning.Methods Two sets of 5-field IMRT planning were designed for 10 esophageal cancer patients upon the condition of appropriate clinical tolerance level with the prescription dose of 60 Gy to 95% of the planned target volume (PTV) and the maximum dose of 45 Gy to the spinal cord:the IMRT with rigid restriction of the maximum homogeneous dose to the PTV within 63 Gy prescribing a homogeneous dose ( IMRThom ) and the IMRT allowing dose heterogeneity by loosening the constraints on maximum dose in the PTV to 69 Gy ( IMRTinhom ).Dosimetric comparison was conducted by using dose-volume histograms.Results Compared to IMRThom, the minimum dose (t = -3.37,P =0.012), maximum dose (t = - 23.58,P = 0.000), mean dose ( t = - 4.95, P = 0.002 ), and heterogeneity index ( t = - 11.06, P =0.000) in PTV of the IMRTinhom were all significantly increased, and the values of V5 (t = 6.96, P =0.000), V10(t=5.24,P=0.001) , V15(t=4.73,P=0.002) , V20(t=8.08,P=0.000) , V25(t=8.58,P = 0.000), and mean dose (t = 7.28,P = 0.000) of the normal lungs were all significantly lower.There were no significant differences in all the indexes for the mean dose to the heart and maximum dose to the spinal cord between these 2 set of planning.Conclusions The IMRT plan allowing dose heterogeneity in the PTV escalates the prescription dose and decreases the doses to the lungs.