Objective To analyse the economic loss from nosocomial infection(NI) in severe brain injury patients in neurosurgery.Methods The economic loss and hospitalization days of the severe brain injured patients in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2005 were analyzed by case control study.Results The hospitalization days and total cost of the NI group were higher than the controlled group,there was statistical significance(P

Objective To design and identify small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) ex‐pression ,siRNAs were electroporated into synovial cells of Human to screen those which can effectively suppress TNF‐α expres‐sion .Methods Three TNF‐α specific double stranded siRNA were designed targeting different regions of TNF‐α mRNA(compared with negative control group) .RT‐PCR and Elisa were applied to detect TNF‐α ,mRNA expression and the secretion of TNF‐α in cell supernatant ,respectively .Results Two of the three customized TNF‐α siRNA could inhibit the expression of TNF‐α mRNA in synovial cells of Human (P< 0 .01) .At the same time ,the secretion of TNF‐α decreased in cell supernatant ,the difference was sig‐nificant statistically compared with the control group(P< 0 .01) .Conclusion TNF‐α siRNA can be successfully designed and syn‐thesized ,which can specifically and effectively suppress TNF‐α mRNA expression .

Objective To investigate the effect of rivanol induction on pregnancy termination for patients with placenta previa during midtrimester.Methods From January 2010 to December 2015,16 patients of placenta previa underwent pregnancy termination induced by rivanol during midtrimester were regarded as the observation group, and 22 patients with normal placental position were regarded as the control group.The delivery time,amount of postpartum hemorrhage within 24 hours,one-time success rate of induced abortion,caesarean due to massive haemorrhage and postoperative infection of the two groups were recorded to analyze the clinical effect of rivanol.Results There was no statistically significant differences in the success rate,delivery time and caesarean due to massive haemorrhage between the two groups(P>0.05).The amount of intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was more than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05),but it was less than 500 mL,which did not significantly increase the related risk for patients.Conclusion Induced abortion by rivanol is a simple,safe and effective method for patients with placenta previa during midtrimester with fewer side effects and less trauma,which is the preferred method for such patients.

To elucidate the effects of Zearalenone(ZEA) on proliferation and cell cycle of cultured thymic epithelial cells in mice,trypan blue staining and flow cytometric analysis were performed.At the concentrations from 1 to 25 mg/L,ZEA displayed a significant inhibitory action to proliferation of thymic epithelial cells in its dose-and timedependent manner.Higher doses(10-25 rag/L)ZEA could induce a profound increase in G2/M phase with arrest of thymic epithelial cells in the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner.In conclusion,ZEA could be assumed that there were toxic effects on the thymie epithelial cells of mice in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of the single different radiation dose and time on the microscopic structure and ultrastructure of Balb/c Mice. METHOD: Sixteen four-week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group and three experimental groups, then every experimental group was randomly divided into two groups which were respectively sacrificed on the third and seventh day after exposure to different doses of 8, 12, 16 Gy radiation, then paraffin embedding, tissue section, HE staining and scanning electron microscope, observation were performed after a cochlear specimen collected. RESULT: Inner hair cells and outer hair cells arranged in order, no lodging, disorder or missing in control group under scanning electron microscope. Slight lodgy or disorder occured in inner cells and outer hair cells were missing sometimes in exposed animals,which meat irrespective of irradiation dose. CONCLUSION Slight changes of ultrastructure of Balb/c Mice occured in the early period when given eaqual to or less than 16 Gy radiation.
Animals ; Cochlea ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Radiation Dosage ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To explore the ways of quantitative and objective evaluation for analyzing the multiple influence factors on middle ear function in the patients with primarily diagnosed NPC, and to analyze the influence factors of middle ear function in the patients with primarily diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHOD: Three hundred and twenty cases (320 ears) of primarily diagnosed NPC patients were examinated with electric otoscope, acoustic immittance measurement, pure tone audiometry, nasopharynx and middle ear CT or MRI scanning, eustachian tube function examination, and electronic nasopharyngoscope. A series of quantitative methods, as the influence factors including T stage, clinical stage, location, diffusion type and form of tumor, eustachian tube function, pharynx mouth shape, imaging extension (nasal, skull base, pharyngeal recess, parapharyngeal space, tensor veli palatini muscle, levator veli palatini and so on), were used to evaluate the middle ear function. SPSS 13.0 was used to anlyze the single and multiple factors in statistics. RESULT: T stage, clinical stage, location, diffusion type, and form of tumor, pharynx mouth shape, imaging extension (nasal, skull base, pharyngeal recess, parapharyngeal space, tensor veli palatini muscle, levator veli palatini) were the single influence factors on the function of middle ear in primarily diagnosed NPC patients. The gender, age, pathological types, N staging and M staging of NPC patients primarily diagnosed had no effect on middle ear function. The multple factors analysis showed that T stage, tumor location, the function of eustachian tube, tensor veli palatini muscle invasion, and skull base invasion were independent factor of affecting the middle ear function on primarily diagnosed NPC patients. CONCLUSION In this study, the influence factors of middle ear function with primarily diagnosed NPC were related to T stage, location of tumor, the function of eustachian tube, tensor veli palatini muscle invasion, skull base invasion, otitis media and quantitative criteria. The way of quantitative analysis could be used to evaluate objectively the middle ear function in patients with primarily diagnosed NPC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma ; Ear, Middle ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

To explore the spatial distribution mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), PhyML v3.0 was used to build phylogenetic tree using JEV sequences in the dataset. PAUP v4.0 and Migrapyhla softz ware were then used to analyze the migration events. The results showed that a total of 95 migration events were observed during the dispersal of JEV throughout Asia. Further analysis revealed that Thailand, and several Chinese provinces (including Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan), were the main migration sources of JEV. JEV spread from these migration sources as follows: from Thailand to Australia, Cambodia, Tibet and India; from Shanghai to eastern coastal Asian regions and Yunnan; from Shandong to Korea, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanxi and Liaoning; from Sichuan mainly to inland regions of China, as well as Vietnam and Japan; and from Yunnan to Zhejiang. This study indicated that frequent migration events occurred during the dispersal of JEV in the Asia and Pacific regions, and that Thailand, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan were the sources of JEV dispersal.
Asia ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology ; Phylogeny

Objective To investigate the most sensitive methods for diagnosing spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) and spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD) respectively,for the sake of earlier and more accurate diagnosis.Methods Consecutive patients with sICAD and sVAD who visited the Department of Neurology and Radiology,Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University during 2008-2013 were retrospectively reviewed and the sensitivity of CT angiography (CTA),magnetic resonance T1-weighted fat-suppressed images (MR T1-FS) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the diagnosis of sICAD and sVAD was compared.Results Eighty patients (62 male,18 female; mean age (45.7 ± 11.9) years) were included in the study.There were 99 arterial dissections in total,45 cases of sICAD,52 cases of sVAD and 2 cases of spontaneous middle cerebral artery dissections.The sensitivity of CTA,DSA and MR T1-FS for diagnosing sICAD was 97.5％ (39/40),90.0％ (36/40) and 69.6％ (16/23) respectively,while for sVAD was 89.8％ (44/49),84.6％ (44/52) and 100.0％ (27/27) respectively.Conclusions sICAD and sVAD have significant differences in many aspects including diagnostic strategies.CTA and MR T1-FS seem to be the most sensitive methods for the diagnosis of sICAD and sVAD respectively.Although DSA has been considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of artery dissection,this imaging technique does not allow analysis of artery wall thickness,thus also has limitations.It is likely that the diagnostic sensitivity will be improved by combining CTA and MR T1-FS.

Objective To investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of chalcone ketones compound(code:L2H17,hereinafter referred to as L2)on mice infected with influenza A virus.Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups:normal group,model group,positive drug-treated group,L2 treated groups (3 different concentrations).The mice were adapted for 72 hours,before a model was established by intranasal infection.Mice in each group were given medicine by i.g once daily for 6 days starting 24 h before virus challenge.Survival was observed daily for 14 days.The mortality,median survival time,rate of death protection and rate of prolonging life were determined to observe the therapeutic effect of chalcone(L2) against influenza virus infection.The whole lungs were taken under aseptic conditions on days 3 and 5 post-infection to calculat lung indexes and lung index inhibition.The left lung was fixed with 4% formaldehyde for pathological biopsy,the right lung was soaked in RNAstore to detect lung tissue viral load,and the double antibody sandwich ELISA method was used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in order to observe the therapeutic effect of L2 on viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus infection.Results Compared with the model group,the L2 80 mg/kg treatment group exhibited significant increases in median survival time(11 d),the rate of death protection (50%),and the rate of prolonging life(24.1%)but a moderate 50% decrease in mortality.In addition,the lung index decreased significantly both on d 3 and 5 after virus infection (P<0.05).The pathological results also improved significantly.The L2 80 mg/kg dose group had a significantly lower viral load of lung tissue on d 3 and 5 post-infection(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the expression of inflammatory factor IL-6 became lower to different degrees.Conclusion L2 has a protective effect on mice infected with influenza virus by reducing the degree of pathological changes of pneumonia caused by influenza viruses.

Objective To explore the appropriate treatment according to the grading system of adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 115 adolescent patients with idiopathic cervical kyphosis.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the magnitude of kyphosis.The initial Cobb angle of 4 groups were 12.7°±1.4° 25.4°±4.8°,47.2°±4.4° and 62.6°±5.7° respectively.The patients in group I were treated with the collar support for 4-8 weeks.The patients in group Ⅱ were treated with skull traction (3-5 kg) and then fixed by cranio-cervical-thoracic plaster.According to the angles between the tangents of posterior vertebral body at each level on lateral cervical radiograph in extension,the anterior fusion levels of the group Ⅲ and angles and range of osteotomy in the group Ⅳ were decided.In group Ⅳ,the patients were treated by two steps.The anterior release and posterior osteotomy were performed firstly.Then skull traction (1/10 body weight) was maintained in order to correct the deformity for 7-10 days,fusion and anterior fusion with autologous bone graft and internal fixation was completed.Results Post-operative radiograph showed that Cobb angle were -5.5°±2.0°,-8.2°±6.1°,-4.5°±6.6° and -2.9°±7.9° in Ⅰ-Ⅳ group after treatment.The deformed appearance of the patients improved significantly.A improvement neck pain and neurologic function were found in all patients.Post-operative MRI showed that physiological curve of the cervical spine was restored,and the cerebrospinal fluid line was clear in the previous kyphosis area.Conclusion Adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis has specific characteristics.Surgical strategy is determined by the severity of deformity.