ObjectiveTo determine the serum vitamin D levels of patients with primary hypertension to provide a basis for prevention and control of the hypertension in Kashgar prefecture.Methods The clinical data of 200 patients with hypertension in Kashgar prefecture admitted to the Second People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to risk factors, the 200 patients with primary hypertension were divided into three groups: 60 patients were selected as low risk group (hypertension 1 grade and no risk factors), 64 patients were arranged into an intermediate risk group (hypertension 2 grade or hypertension 1 grade accompanied by 1-2 risk factors) and 76 patients were assigned in a high risk group (hypertension 3 grade or hypertension 1-2 grade accompanied by ≥3 risk factors or hypertension of any grade accompanied by 1 target organ damage or 1 kind of clinical disease). In the same period, 66 healthy subjects having taken physical systemic medical examination with normal blood pressure in this hospital were grouped into a healthy control group. The levels of blood pressure and vitamin D in serum were measured, and the correlations between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis in the four groups.Results The SBP and DBP were significantly higher in low, intermediate and high risk group than those in healthy control group [SBP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 142±6, 161±5, 173±12 vs. 112±12, DBP (mmHg): 89±7, 101±4, 103±11 vs. 74±8], and their levels of vitamin D were lower in low, intermediate, high risk group than the level in healthy control group (μg/L: 24±6, 26±5, 20±4 vs. 30±7, allP < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of vitamin D was negatively correlated with SBP, DBP (r value was -0.373, -0.324, allP < 0.01).Conclusions The serum level of vitamin D is decreased in Uighur patients with blood hypertension in Kashgar prefecture, especially in the patients with high risk factors, the descent of the serum level is more significant. It is suggested to appropriately use vitamin D supplement to prevent blood hypertension.

Eleven-week-old SD rats were randomized into control and calorie restriction group. The pancreatic β cell function and oxidative stress indexes in the two groups were compared after 24-week intervention. The results showed that calorie restriction, which started from young age, improved the early insulin secretion after glucose loading and alleviated the oxidative stress in adult rats, which wag related to the reduction of body weight.

Objective To study the effect of calorie restriction at early age of rats on their islet β cell mass in adulthood.Methods Sixteen 8-week-old male SD rats were randomized to control group (n=7) and calorie restricted group (n =9).The rats in control group took food freely,while the ones in calorie restricted group were given 70％ calorie of the control group.After 24 week calorie restriction,cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were tested.The β cell mass was measured by immunohistochefistry and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreas homogenate were determined by ELISA.Results The increase of the body weights(45 g vs.184 g)and the level of TG [(0.61±0.15)mmol/L vs.(0.78±0.14)mmol/ L]of the rats in the calorie restricted group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),while the β cell mass [(43.6±9.8)mg vs.(31.9± 11.6)mg],β cell mass of every milligram pancreas tissue[(89.7 ± 7.4) μg/mg vs.(44.8g ± 14.1) μg/mg] and β cell mass per body weight[(11.5±2.5) × 10-5 vs.(6.3 ±2.3) × 10-5]of the rats in the calorie restricted group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).There were no differences in the SOD activity [(0.91±0.30)nmol/ mg protein vs.(0.68±0.14)nmol/ mg protein]and MDA level [4.97± 0.65)U /mg protein vs.(6.05 ±2.14)U/mg protein] in pancreas homogenate between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Calorie restriction at early age of rats may increase the islet β cell mass in their adulthood.

Objective: To investigate the effect of fusion protein tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP)-staphylococcus aureus superantigen-like protein 5 (SSL5) on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice.Methods: Totally 21 male 12-week-old ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into three groups: TAP-SSL5 (3 mg·kg-1·d-1) group, SSL5 (2 mg·kg-1·d-1) group and the blank control group (pH 7.4 phosphate buffer), ip, qd, for 12 weeks.The changes of body mass were observed.The mice were fed with high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, and then the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma were detected.The aorta of mice was subjected to paraffin section and routine HE staining.The formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic root was analyzed.The distribution of atherosclerotic plaques was observed by oil red O staining of the aorta.Results: Compared with that of the blank control group, the increasement of body weight of TAP-SSL5 group and the level of TC significantly decreased (P <0.001), while TG, HDL-C and LDL-C did not change significantly.The HE staining results showed that the plaque area of root slice in the aorta in TAP-SSL5 group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P<0.05).The red O staining of aorta showed that the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in TAP-SSL5 group was significantly smaller than that in the blank control group.Conclusion: TAP-SSL5 can significantly inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries of ApoE-/-mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic causes of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) in adult patients in Tongling.METHODS A prospective study was performed on 260 consecutive adult patients with CAP in Tongling city during last three years.Bacteria culture of sputum and serological tests in paired serum samples were detected.RESULTS Of 260 patients with etiological evaluation,128(49.2%) patients had an identifiable etiology,63(24.2%) had positive outcome from sputum cultured,atypical pathogens were detected from 75(28.8%)patients.Pathogens identified in 128 patients were:Mycoplasma pneumoniae(35.4%),Chlamydia pneumoniae(17.7%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae(13.6%).6.5% All patients had mixed infection.The resistance rate of S.pneumoniae to penicillin and erythromycin was 5 and 50%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Atypical pathogens have important role in CAP,of which M.pneumoniae is the most common pathogen.S.pneumoniae and K.pneumoniae are the commonly encountered bacteria for CAP in Tongling.

Aim To research the effects of total flavones of rhododendra(TFR)on transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 4(TRPV4)in cerebral basilar arteries(CBA)of rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion(IR)injury.Methods The model of total brain IR was established by four-artery occlusion(4-VO)method in rats.Arterial pressure perfusion and cell membrane potential recording methods were used for surveying the dilatation and hyperpolarization of TFR and ruthenium red(RR,an inhibitor of TRPV4)in the KCl-preconstricted CBA ex vivo in rats subjected to IR.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot were utilized to investigate the TRPV4 mRNA and protein expressions of TFR and RR in cerebrovascular endothelial cells of CBA in vivo in rats subjected to IR.Results 11～2 700 mg·L-1 TFR significantly induced concentration-dependent hyperpolarization and dilatation in the KCl-preconstricted CBA in rats subjected to IR.TFR still produced degenerative hyperpolarization and dilatation by removal of endothelium in CBA,which was remarkably attenuated as compared with endothelium-intact group(P<0.01).After removal of NO and PGI2 vasodilatation,TFR obviously elicited the hyperpolarization and dilatation that were further decreased by RR(an inhibitor of TRPV4)in IR CBAs.TFR pretreatment apparently increased the level of TRPV4 mRNA and protein expressions in IR CBAs.These effects were restrained by RR,an inhibitor of TRPV4.Conclusions TFR could mediate endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent effects.The endothelium-derived dilatation may be related to the increase of endothelium activity and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor(EDHF)generation and release that have been promoted by TFR,and secondarily activating TRPV4,which results in Ca2+ inflow and subsequent hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane and vasorelaxation.

This article sorts out and analyzes recent years’ literature about experimental studies on Huatuo jiaji (Ex-B2) point acupuncture treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), discusses the mechanism of Huatuo jiaji point acupuncture treatment for spinal cord injury from three aspects:improving microenvironment for nerve repair, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting nerve repair and tries to explore the possible direction of its future development.

Objective To explore the potential changes of connexin Cx36 in hippocampus and cortical neurons of rats with hyperthermia -induced convulsion.Methods Rats were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table method:normal control group and experimental group.Febrile convulsion model was elicited through im-mersion in warm water.The experimental group was generated following febrile convulsion model:hyperthermia group and febrile convulsion group.Among normal control group,hyperthermia group and febrile convulsion group,western blot analysis and immunofluorescence labeling techniques were used to examine the expression of Cx36 protein in the hippo-campus and cortex area.One -Way ANOVA was used to compare the mean of multiple sample,the LSD test was used to compare the two means.Tamhane′s test was used when variance were uneven.Results The incubation period,seizure duration and temperature were (4.39 ±0.08)min,(5.38 ±0.07)min,(41 .87 ±0.06)℃ after hyperthermia-in-duced convulsion,respectively.Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Cx36 protein in the hippocampus and cortex area decreased gradually after 1 0 times of seizure in normal control group,hyperthermia group and febrile convulsion group,and the febrile convulsion group decreased most obviously.Compared with normal control group and hyperthermia group,respectively,in febrile convulsion group Cx36 expression obviously decreased in the hippocampus and cortex in rats with 1 ,5,1 0 seizure times induced by hyperthermia,and with the increase of number of induced con-vulsion,the expression of Cx36 was significantly decreased in the cortex (0.1 04 ± 0.01 2)and CA1 (0.091 ± 0.01 1 ),CA3 (0.090 ±0.01 1 )and DG (0.092 ±0.01 2)areas of hippocampal neurons compared with the normal control group (0.21 2 ±0.01 7,0.1 67 ±0.01 3,0.1 59 ±0.01 4,0.1 71 ±0.01 3)and the hyperthermia group (0.1 89 ± 0.006,0.1 44 ±0.008,0.1 29 ±0.005,0.1 65 ±0.01 1 )(all P <0.05).Furthermore,the extent of reduction in Cx36 expression seemed to correlate with the number of seizures.Conclusion With the increase of thermal seizure frequen-cy,Cx36 expression of rats was decreased obviously which may lower convulsion threshold and lead to recurrent seizures.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that different types of anterior cervical surgery in the treatment of two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation can obtain satisfactory results, but which method is the best has not yet reached a consensus. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of three types of anterior cervical surgery for treating two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 62 patients with two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation who underwent anterior decompression and fusion. These patients were assigned to three groups. Bone graft group received anterior cervical discectomy with autogenous iliac bone graft fusion. Titanium mesh group received anterior cervical corpectomy with titanium mesh fusion. Cage group received anterior cervical discectomy with cage fusion. Fusion rate of bone graft and improvement of neurological function (Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores) were evaluated and compared after treatment in the three groups. Cervical vertebra anteroposterior and lateral images were used to measure height of anterior and posterior margin of vertebral body and Cobb angle changes of fusion segment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Al 62 patients were fol owed up and the fol ow-up time was ranged from 8 to 30 months. Operation time was significantly longer in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was larger in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05). Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found at different time points (P > 0.05). The fusion rate of bone graft was higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05) at 3 months after treatment, and bone union was found in the final fol ow-up. Height of anterior and posterior margin of vertebral body was significantly increased after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the increase of the height of anterior margin was detected among the three groups (P > 0.05). The increase in the height of posterior margin was higher in the Cage group than in the bone graft group and titanium mesh group (P < 0.05). Vertebral height loss of the anterior margin was higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups, but vertebral height loss of the posterior margin was highest in the bone graft group, fol owed by titanium mesh group and Cage group at 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). The increase value of Cobb angle was higher in the titanium mesh group than in the bone graft group and Cage group (P < 0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the altered value of Cobb angle was highest in the bone graft group, fol owed by titanium mesh group and Cage group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the height of anterior and posterior margins of the vertebral body and Cobb angle was detectable between final fol ow-up and 3 months post-treatment (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that the three kinds of fusion method for treating two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation could obviously lessen nervous systems and improve cervical vertebra functions. In the bone graft group, operation time was long. Intraoperative blood loss was more. Postoperative height loss of the posterior margin of the vertebral body was visible. Cervical lordosis could be easily induced. Compared with the bone graft group, titanium mesh and Cage groups could better maintain the height and curvature of the cervical vertebra, but the Cage group had apparent advantages.

The increasing identification of genetic causes for epilepsy over the recent years improves the understanding of the underlying epileptog enic process,and allows for the possibility of directed therapeutic approaches.An ideal antiepileptic therapy consists of a drug which is able to influence the functional changes caused by a specific pathogenic variant.In this review,we describe the current precise medicine approaches in genetic epilepsies.Currently established or investigated precise medicine treatments include the ketogenic diet in patients with glucose transporter typel (GLUT1) deficiency,sodium channel blockers in patients with KCNQ2 mutations,and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitors in patients with SCN2A and SCN8A mutations.These predominantly represent already available treatments that were repurposed for use in epilepsy.The development of new therapeutic agents aiming at targets identified in genetic epilepsies will advance epilepsy treatment considerably.