s:Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a gene controlled active cell suicide process in order to maintain balance of organisms. Apoptosis is mainly mediated through three signal pathways, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and death receptor. As a kind of naphthoquinone compounds and one of the main active ingredients of Lithospermum, shikonin has many biological activities, and its anti-cancer research is recent hot spot. The anti-cancer mechanism of shikonin is closely related with apoptosis and three kinds of signaling pathways. This article reviewed the research progress in apoptosis and signal pathways induced by shikonin.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the water extraction technology of Yangxue Jiegu capsule. METHODS:Using adding amount of water,decoction time and decoction times as investigation factors,ferulic acid content,icariin content and yield rate as investigation indexes,orthogonal test was used to optimize the optimal water extraction technology of Yangxue Jiegu capsule;and verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimized extraction technology was 10-fold water,extracting 3 times,1 h once. Contents of ferulic acid and icariin were 0.38,1.23 mg/g(n=3),yield rate was 28.2%(n=3),average comprehensive score was 97.11 (RSD=2.77%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized extraction technology is feasible,accurate,reliable,and can be used for the extraction and preparation of Yangxue Jiegu capsule.

Objective To development a cooling crystallization process that is suitable for industrial preparation of purified dihydromyricetin.Methods Screen design was used to investigate effects of process parameters such as,temperature,concentration ethanol aqueous,quantity of activated charcoal and adsorption time on yield and purity of dihydromyricetin.Purity was verified by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography.The solubility of dihydromyricetin in water at viable temperature and ethanol proportion was also determined by UV spectrophotometry.The solid form was characterized by thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry.Results When temperature was ＞ 85 ℃,ethanol concentration ＜ 10％,dosage of activated charcoal 0.1％-0.3％,and adsorption time 1-3 min,yield of dihydromyricetin was more than 70％,and the purity greater than 98％.The crystals,prepared by cooling crystallization from water and ethanol aqueous,had the same physical form and crystal habit.Conclusion Cooling crystallization from low concentration of ethanol aqueous gets higher yield and the process is more robust than crystallization from water.

Currently endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograhp(ERCP) has been one of the major treatments to diagnose and cure pancreatic and choledochal diseases in many large and medium-sized hospitals.To meet the requirements of the army,ERCP treatment is practiced in field battle X-ray diagnosis vehicle(Model XCY2002-1/200) and has achieved satisfactory effects.The functions of field battle X-ray diagnosis vehicle in model of XCY2002-1/200 are expanded and new access are explored to cure patients with pancreatic and choledochal diseases in the field.

Objective To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden m anhood death syndrom e (SMDS). Methods The genom ic DNA was extracted from blood sam ples of the SMDS group and the norm alcontrolgroup.The exons, exon-in-tron boundaries and 3′-U TRs of coding region of GPD1-L w ere PCRam plified and DNAsequenced di-rectly to confirm the types of variations. The genotype frequency and allele frequency w ere analyzed statistically. Results There w ere tw ovariants in the SMDS group, c.465C>Tand c.*18G>T, the latter existed certain degree difference of genotype distribution and allele frequency betw een the SMDS group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The relation be-tw een gene m utation of GPD1-L and the occurrence of Chinese SMDS deserves a further research.

New field battle X-ray vehicle(model XCY2002-1/200) is used usually and control method is grasped too. By analyzing operation capability, the advantages and disadvantages are found, and then corresponding improvement is proposed to educe efficiency of medical support.

Objective Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are important indicators of cerebral small vessel disease .However, it is still unclear whether endothelial dysfunction is involved in CMBs .The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between CMBs and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in patients with acute ischemic stroke . Methods Based on the results of MRI (3.0 T) susceptibility weighted imaging , we divided patients with first acute ischemic stroke into a CMBs group ( n=63 ) and a non-CMBs group (n=63), and recruited another 45 volunteers with normal MRI findings as controls .We collected and conducted comparative a-nalysis on the demographic data , biochemical variables ( including the sE-selectin level ) , vascular risk factors , and the number of CMBs of the patients . Results Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between sE -selectin and the number of CMBs (OR=1.062, 95%CI:1.023-1.103, P=0.002), higher systolic blood pressure associated with more CMBs (OR=1.014, 95%CI:1.002-1.025, P=0.021). Conclusion Serum sE-selectin is significantly positively correlated with and can be used as a biological marker for the severity of CMBs .

Objective To explore the effects of volatile oil and 2-undecanone from Houttuynia Cordata Thunb. (H. cordata) on LPS-TLR4 / MD-2-TNF-α signaling pathway. Methods TLR4 / MD-2 blocking agent was used to mask the TLR4 /MD-2 site,then protein expression levels of TLR4 in cells treated with volatile oil and 2-undecanone were analyzed by western blot. ELISA was used to detect the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10. Comparison analysis was then performed from the results of cell experiments in vitro and anti-inflammatory effects through xylene-induced ear edema test in vivo. Results In concentrations between 1 to 10 μg · mL-1 ,Houttuynia volatile oil showed better effect than 2-undecanone on inhibition of TLR4 protein in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells, and had some differences in the effects on inflammatory factors. Compared with the LPS+TLR4 / MD-2 group,the LPS+TLR4 / MD-2 + volatile oil group had no significant difference in the expression of TLR4 protein (P>0. 05),but the LPS+TLR4 / MD-2 +2-undecanone group reduced the expression of TLR4 protein obviously. It appeared that volatile oil exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through LPS-TLR4 / MD-2-TNF-αpathway,but 2-undecanone may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by other means. Houttuynia volatile oil showed better anti-inflammatory activity than 2-undecanone in vivo at the same dose. Conclusion There are some differences in anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms between volatile oil and 2-undecanone, probably owing to the synergistic effects of multi-ingredients in the volatile oil.

Objective To investigate the status of the rehabilitation service and rehabilitation medical professionals in Tianjin. Methods130 hospitals and Disabled Persons' Federations in Tianjin selected by stratified random cluster sampling were surveyed by questionnaires.Results About 49.2% institutions had carried out the rehabilitation services; there were 842 rehabilitation medical professionals in total, including237 rehabilitation physicians and 3 prosthetic orthopaedic technicians, with a gap of nearly 3000 people; most of them were in loweducation. Conclusion The rehabilitation service should be developed; the quantities and quality of the rehabilitation medical professionalsshould be improved, the classified structure and the service objects are unbalanced.