OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of recombinant human growth hormone(HGH)on serum sndotoxin,inflamma-tory cytokines,wound healing time,hospitalization time and prognosis of elderly patients with severe burn. METHODS:96 elder-ly patients with severe burn in our hospital were randomly divided into treatment group (48 cases) and control group (48 cases). All patients received wound surface care,nutritional support,maintaining water and electrolyte and acid-base balance. Control group received 1 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride solution,sc,qd. Treatment group received 0.3 IU/kg. Recombinant HGH for injection, sc,qd. All patients were treated for 21 d. Serum endotoxin content in 2 groups before and 14,21 d after treatment was compared, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8) before and after treatment,wound healing time,hospitalization time and the inci-dence of multiple organ disorder syndrome(MODS),death and systemic infection were observed. RESULTS:There was no signifi-cant difference in serum endotoxin content before and 14 d after treatment(P>0.05);after 21 d,serum endotoxin contents in 2 group obviously decreased,and treatment group was significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After treatment,IL-8 level in treatment group was significantly higher than control group,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05). Wound healing time and hospitalization time in treatment group were significantly shorten than control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05). The incidence of MODS,death and systemic infec-tion in treatment group were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The application of recombinant HGH in elderly patients with severe burn can reduce toxins absorption of patients and decrease inflamma-tory cytokines to promote wound healing and improve prognosis.

Objective To find new methods to control the pollution of dye,the law of adsorption and adsorption kinetics of vat blue RSN by amidoxime fiber were studied. Methods The amidoxime-Fe(Ⅲ) adsorption fiber was made from PAN fiber containing amidoxime groups reaction with Fe3+. The adsorption of vat blue in the aqueous solution on the amidoxime-Fe(Ⅲ) adsorption fiber was studied. The reaction order was determined by infinitesimal calculus,based on the relationship between the adsorption time and the concentration of vat blue. The activation energy was obtained by the rate constant of different temperature and the Arrhenius equation. Results The results of adsorption showed the optimal condition:pH was 10.5,the temperature was 45 ℃ and adsorption time was 80 min. The absorption was accorded with the Freundlich isotherm and the character of the first-order reaction. Conclusion The process of vat blue RSN adsorption by amidoxime fiber is simple and the raw materials of amidoxime fiber is very cheap,so it may be expected to apply to the industrial wastewater treatment

Objective　To evaluate the effect of intravascular occlusion for carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) by analying the clinical features of CCF. Methods　Twelve cases with CCF were analysed on their medical histories, clinical features in the eyes, clinical examinations and the therapeutic effects of balloon occlusion in internal carotid artery.Results　Ten cases were treated successfully(83.33%), in which 2 cases were treated once more. There was no operation complication. The visual acuity of one case increased from no light perception to finger movement within 1 week preoperatively. The visual acuity of 10 cases improved 1～4 lines (Snellen chart). Some clinical symptoms and signs such as the lid, conjunctiva swelling, diplopia, the movement of eyeball and retinal hemorrhage were decreased remarkably. Carotid fistula of 12 cases with CCF were found to be occlusioned by digital subtraction angiography after operations.Conclusion　The early diagnosis and treatment for CCF are necessary. Color doppler flow imaging, CT and DSA are useful examination methods for diagnosis of CCF. Intravascular occlusion is the best therapeutic method for CCF nowadays.

Objective To investigate the anatomical features, operative method and efficacy of internal fixation in the treatment of iutra-articular fractures of caleaneum via the sinus tarsi approach. Methods The pathway, branches distribution and anastomosis of perforating descending branch of peroneal artery were observed on 18 adult cadaveric lower limbs. A sinus tarsi approach was designed. From July 2001 to January 2008, 71 intra-articular calcaneal fractures in 68 patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation via sinus tarsi approach at lateral sides of calcaneus. According to the Sanders classification, there were 26 type Ⅱ fractures, 32 type Ⅲ fractures and 13 type Ⅳ fractures. Results All patients were followed up for a mean period of 39.3 months (13-85 months), and the fractures were completely healed. There was a significant difference in the length, width and height of the calcaneus, Bohler angle and Gissane angle before and after operation (P < 0.01). According to Maryland Foot Score, the operative effect was excellent in 33 feet, good in 29 feet, fair in 6 feet and poor in 3 feet. Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via sinus tarsi approach is an effective method for minimally invasive treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus, with the advantages of good clinical results and causing minimal damage to soft tissues.

Quantum dots (QDs) are novel photo-stable semiconductor nanocrystals with wide excitation spectra and narrow, symmetrical emission spectra. QDs can be used as molecular probes by conjugating to a wide range of biological targets, including proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. It has been widely used in bio-labeling, fast detection and biological imaging. In this review, we focus on the applications of QDs in tissue engineering and its potential bio-safety issues.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Molecular Probes ; Nucleic Acids ; Peptides ; Proteins ; Quantum Dots ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To compare the diagnostic reliability of AO classification and Evans-Jensen classifications in X ray film and three-dimensional CT reconstruction images intertochanteric fractures, and explore advantage of the three-di?mensional CT. Methods A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 54 patients with intertochanteric fractures. Three orthopaedic surgeons were asked to make assessment of fracture classifications using X ray film and the three-dimen?sional CT images. Agreement test was performed to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fracture classifica?tion. Results When X ray film was used, mean Kappa values of interobserver reliability for AO and Evans-Jensen classifi?cations between three surgeons were 0.597 and 0.571, that was medium consistency. While using three-dimensional CT to AO classification, lower Kappa value was 0.411, medium consistency. Evans-Jensen classification, Kappa value was 0.704, highly consistency. Each surgeon respectively using X ray film and three-dimensional CT, the mean Kappa values of AO and Evans-Jensen classification were 0.464, medium consistency and 0.191 (0.160-0.233), weak consistency. Conclusion Both classifications based on X ray film show moderate consistency, using three-dimensional CT does not improve the consis?tency of AO classification. The three-dimensional CT is not applicable in Evans-Jensen classification.

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Objective To investigate the influence of ursolic acid on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) , cycloxygen-ase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) expressed in the mouse retinal ischemic model , and to explore the mecha-nisms of anti-angiogenesis.Methods Sixty 7-day clean-class C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into 6 groups [ n =10 mice (20 eyes) per group]:blank control, model control (PBS), positive control (triamcinolone), and ursolic acid (UA) intervention (low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose).Mice in the blank control group were raised in air , and mice in other groups in(75%±2%)O2 high-oxygen environment for 5 consecutive days .Mice in the model control group and breastfeeding mice were put back in air environ-ment (21%O2 ) on the 12th day after the new-born mice to induce the generation of retinal neovascularization .When models were suc-cessful, the drug treatments were applied immediately to the corresponding groups , with injection of 3μl of sterile PBS in model control group, 3 μl of 1.5, 3.00 and 6.0 μg UA in UA intervention group, and 3 μl of triamcinolone (1 ml∶40 mg) in positive control group, respectively.All mice were killed after overdose anesthesia on the 17th day.Their eyeballs were made into samples and retinal tissue pathological sections with H-E dying method.The positive expressions of VEGF , COX-2, and MMP-2 were detected with immu-nohistochemical method .The fresh retinal tissue homogenate was prepared to detect the protein expressions of VEGF , COX-2, and MMP-2 in retinal tissue with western blot method ,and mRNA expressions of VEGF , COX-2, and MMP-2 were detected with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) .Results According to protein and mRNA expressions of VEGF , COX-2,and MMP-2 in retinal tissue among six groups , protein expressions of VEGF , COX-2, and MMP-2 in model group were significantly higher than those in blank group ( P <0.05 ) .Each protein expression in the high UA intervention group was significantly lower than that in the model group ( P <0.05 ) .Each protein expression in the high UA intervention group was not significantly different from that in the positive group ( P >0.05 ) .Each protein expression in the high UA intervention group was significantly lower than that in the low UA intervention group( P <0.05).Conclusions UA inhibited expressions of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-2 in retinal ischemia model .UA also played an inhibitory role in the formation of neovascularization , and this role was positively correlated with UA dose .

BACKGROUND: The pathological changes of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) are the result of a combination of various factors, and its specific pathogenesis is inconclusive. Related studies have shown abnormal bone metabolism in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head. OBJECTIVE: To explore the bone turnover markers in patients with alcohol-induced ONFH and to explore the relationship between different stages of ONFH and bone metabolism. METHODS: This study retrospectively selected 193 male patients with alcohol-induced ONFH (necrosis group), including 35 cases of ARCO stage II, 131 cases of ARCO stage III and 27 cases of ARCO stage IV. Among them, there were 65 cases of a little drinking of alcohol 52 cases of moderate drinking, and 76 cases of heavy drinking. Another 182 healthy males undergoing physical examination with no history of drinking were taken as control group. The bone turnover markers [procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), molecular fragment of N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)] and biochemical indexes were tested and compared between two groups, followed by logistic regression analysis and correlation analysis. The study protocol was performed in line with the relevant ethic requirements of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. All participants in the trial had been fully informed of the trial process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the necrosis group, P1NP, β-CTX, N-MID, 25OHD, serum calcium, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphorus levels were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein levels in the necrosis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with patients with low level of alcohol, β-CTX and N-MID levels were significantly reduced in the patients with heavy drinking (P < 0.05). The P1NP level of patients with ARCO stage IV was significantly higher than that of patients with ARCO stage II and III (P < 0.05), and the β-CTX level of patients with ARCO stage IV was significantly higher than that of patients with ARCO stage III (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that alcohol intake levels were negatively correlated with β-CTX, alkaline phosphatase level was positively correlated with P1NP and β-CTX, and 25OHD was negatively correlated with low-density lipoprotein. Logistic regression analysis results showed that: P1NP (odds ratio=0.984, P=0.004), β-CTX (odds ratio=0.325, P=0.043), and high-density lipoprotein (odds ratio=2.622, P=0.014). To conclude, male patients with alcohol-induced ONFH have active bone formation and bone resorption, and obvious abnormalities in lipid metabolism. The progression of alcohol-induced ONFH can be predicted by these bone turnover markers.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that different types of anterior cervical surgery in the treatment of two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation can obtain satisfactory results, but which method is the best has not yet reached a consensus. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of three types of anterior cervical surgery for treating two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 62 patients with two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation who underwent anterior decompression and fusion. These patients were assigned to three groups. Bone graft group received anterior cervical discectomy with autogenous iliac bone graft fusion. Titanium mesh group received anterior cervical corpectomy with titanium mesh fusion. Cage group received anterior cervical discectomy with cage fusion. Fusion rate of bone graft and improvement of neurological function (Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores) were evaluated and compared after treatment in the three groups. Cervical vertebra anteroposterior and lateral images were used to measure height of anterior and posterior margin of vertebral body and Cobb angle changes of fusion segment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Al 62 patients were fol owed up and the fol ow-up time was ranged from 8 to 30 months. Operation time was significantly longer in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was larger in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05). Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found at different time points (P > 0.05). The fusion rate of bone graft was higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05) at 3 months after treatment, and bone union was found in the final fol ow-up. Height of anterior and posterior margin of vertebral body was significantly increased after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the increase of the height of anterior margin was detected among the three groups (P > 0.05). The increase in the height of posterior margin was higher in the Cage group than in the bone graft group and titanium mesh group (P < 0.05). Vertebral height loss of the anterior margin was higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups, but vertebral height loss of the posterior margin was highest in the bone graft group, fol owed by titanium mesh group and Cage group at 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). The increase value of Cobb angle was higher in the titanium mesh group than in the bone graft group and Cage group (P < 0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the altered value of Cobb angle was highest in the bone graft group, fol owed by titanium mesh group and Cage group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the height of anterior and posterior margins of the vertebral body and Cobb angle was detectable between final fol ow-up and 3 months post-treatment (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that the three kinds of fusion method for treating two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation could obviously lessen nervous systems and improve cervical vertebra functions. In the bone graft group, operation time was long. Intraoperative blood loss was more. Postoperative height loss of the posterior margin of the vertebral body was visible. Cervical lordosis could be easily induced. Compared with the bone graft group, titanium mesh and Cage groups could better maintain the height and curvature of the cervical vertebra, but the Cage group had apparent advantages.