OBJECTIVE To discuss the prevention and control of the urinary tract infection related to the catheterization.METHODS According to recent research on the control of the urinary tract infection related to the catheterization in our country,we investigated and assessed the problems existing in urethral catheterization and indwelling urethral catheterization in our hospital via a questionnaire.RESULTS There were lots of pitfalls in catheterization.By organizing training,carefully examining,and adopting the examination of the quality of health care,our staff had significantly improved their levels in the field of necessity of catheterization,choice of catheters,asepsis,maintenance of closing cycle of drainage system and others.CONCLUSIONS Enhancing the prevention and control of the urinary tract infection related to the catheterization is very meaningful to reduc of the rate of hospital infections.

Objective To explore the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Me-thods After the IgAN model was successfully induced at 12 weeks, the BALB/C mice were randomly divided into IgAN group (n=15) and IgAN+VitD group (n=15). The nephrosis mice were administrated with 100 μl/d propylene glycol or propyl-ene glycol+1,25(OH)2D, 3 ng/(100g?d), for 6 weeks. The control group was setted (n=15). The level of 24 hour urine protein was determined at week 0, 12 and 18. At week 18, the levels of serum 25(OH)D, ifbroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and galactose-deifcient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) were detected. The mRNA and protein expressions of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in Peyer’s patches (PPs) were detected by lfuorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot respectively. The protein expression of Bcl-6 was detected by western blot. The percentages of Tfh cells/T lymphocytes, B220+IgM+/B lympho-cytes, B220+IgA+/B lymphocytes, B220-IgA+/B lymphocytes in PPs were determined by lfow cytometry. Results Compared with control group, the levels of 24 hour urine protein, FGF23 and Gd-IgA1 were increased, serum 25(OH)D was decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-21 and the protein level of Bcl-6 were increased, the percentages of Tfh cells/T lym-phocytes, B220+IgM+/B lymphocytes, B220+IgA+/B lymphocytes, B220-IgA+/B lymphocytes were elevated in IgAN group (P<0.05). These indicators were improved in IgAN+VitD group. Compared with the IgAN group, the differences were statisti-cally signiifcant (P<0.05), however compared with control group, some indicators showed no signiifcant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions 1,25(OH)2D may protect the microenvironment of PPs in IgAN through inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells and B cells and the generation of Gd-IgA1.

Objective To investigate the impact of pelvic muscle training (PFMT) on the quality of life (QOL) and incidence of postoperative complications in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients after tension-free vaginal tape surgery (TVT). In order to provide evidence for clinical nurses taking measures to promote rehabilitation of postoperative patients. Methods A total of 101 female SUI patients who underwent TVT surgery were included in this study. 50 patients in the trial group received pelvic muscle training guidance by one-to-one for 3months while 51 patients in the control group were instructed to the routine discharge guidance. All patients were asked to finish the Incontinence-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL) at the day before surgery and 3 months after the surgery, respectively. And incidence of postoperative complications were evaluated at 3 months after the surgery. Results A total of 94 participants completed all questionnaires, including 48 patients of the trial group and 46 patients of the control group. The postoperative score of I-QOL in the trial group were higher than that of control group (94.32 vs. 90.34, Z=3.863, P<0.01). Further analysis found that avoidance and limiting behaviors domain score (90.63 vs.87.50, Z=3.227, P<0.01) and psychosocial impacts domain score (97.22 vs. 90.28, Z=4.186, P<0.01) in the trial group were higher than that of control group. The incidence of postoperative urgency urinary incontinence was significantly difference between the two groups (χ2=4.953,P=0.026), the proportion were 16.67% (8/48) in the trial group and 36.96% (17/46) in the control group, respectively. According to the results, the patients′overall quality of life of the trial group was better than that of control group after surgery. Conclusions Postoperative SUI patients′implementation of pelvic muscle training can significantly increase their quality of life and can decrease the incidence of urgency urinary incontinence.

Objectives To study the protective effects of vitamin D (VitD) on podocyte insulin resistance and its mecha-nisms. Methods Immortalized mouse podocytes in vitro were randomly divided into 4 groups:podocytes+5 mmol/L glucose group (group A);podocytes+5 mmol/L glucose+1 nmol/L propylene glycol group (group B);podocytes+30 mmol/L glucose+1 nmol/L propylene glycol group (group C); podocytes+30 mmol/L glucose+1 nmol/L propylene glycol+1 nmol/L VitD group (group D). The percentage of podocyte apoptosis was determined after 48 h of incubation. Podocyte viability was assessed by MTT assay. The mRNA expressions of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and insulin receptor substrate protein 1 (IRS1) in podocyte were detected by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein levels of p-IRS1/IRS, p-Akt/Akt and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2. Results There were significant differences in apoptosis percentage, viability and the expression of VDR, IRS1, p-ERK1/2 of podoctyes(P<0.05)among 4 groups. There was no difference in p-Akt/Akt expression among 4 groups(P>0.05). Compared with group A, B , and D, the percentage of podocyte apoptosis in group C was significantly increased, the cell viabi-lity was decreased, the expressions of VDR and IRS1 mRNA and p-IRS1 and p-Akt proteins were down-regulated, whereas p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in group C. The levels of p-IRS1/IRS1, p-Akt/Akt, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 had no statistical differences in group A, B, and D (P>0.05). Conclusions VitD-VDR system alleviates podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose, and acti-vates insulin signaling pathway and counteracts insulin resistance signal to improve podocyte insulin resistance.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of intranasal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), compared with intradermal administration, on lower airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced al-lergic combined airway disease (ACAD) mouse model.METHODS: Totally 30 female BALB/c mice aged from 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group , allergic rhinitis model group (AR group), ACAD group, ACAD intrana-sally treated with CpG-ODN group (CpG i.n.group) and ACAD intradermally treated with CpG-ODN group (CpG i.d. group).The mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA .Treatment with CpG-ODN was also performed during chal-lenge, either intranasally or intradermally .Immunologic variables and nasal symptom were studied .RESULTS:Compared with CpG i.d.group and ACAD group, the percentage of eosinophils from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the levels of Th2 cytokine production in BALF and supernatants of cultured splenic lymphocytes , OVA-specific IgE from blood , peri-bronchial inflammation score in the lung , and nasal symptoms were significantly reduced in CpG i .n.group.CONCLU-SION:Allergic rhinitis treated by CpG-ODN has a significant improvement on lower airway inflammation in ACAD mouse model;and it may be more effective when administrated intranasally than intradermally .

Objective To realize the contamination status of dental unit waterlines (DUWL)in general hospitals, and provide scientific evidence for making preventive measures.Methods Three hospitals were selected for study, water source adopted by hospital A,B and C was running water,reservoir water,and filtered water through reverse osmosis filtration system respectively,specimens of dental handpiece spray water and flushing water of dental chair units were collected quarterly,total bacterial colony in water were detected.Results The qualified rate of source wa-ter,handpiece spray water,and flushing water in hospital A was 75.00%(3/4),0 (0/40)and 0 (0/40)respectively,col-ony count of handpiece spray water and flushing water was (1.20×103 -5.53×104 )CFU/mL(M=3.80×104 CFU/mL) and (2.11×104 -1.66×105 )CFU/mL(M=4.80×104 CFU/mL)respectively.The qualified rate of source water,hand-piece spray water,and flushing water in hospital B was 50.00%(2/4),60.00%(24/40)and 72.50%(29/40)respectively, colony count of handpiece spray water and flushing water was (0.00 -3.71 ×106 )CFU/mL(M=83.00 CFU/mL)and (0.00-2.39×106 )CFU/mL(M=72.00 CFU/mL)respectively.The qualified rate of source water,handpiece spray wa-ter,and flushing water in hospital C was 100.00%(4/4),55.00%(22/40)and 65.00%(26/40)respectively,colony count of handpiece spray water and flushing water was (0.00-6.20×103 )CFU/mL(M=96.00 CFU/mL)and(0.00-1.63×103 )CFU/mL(M=87.50 CFU/mL)respectively.Conclusion Water of DUWL in general hospitals is seriously con-taminated,disinfection and standardized management of source water and DUWL must be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate whether thymic stromal lymphopoietin ( TSLP) participate in asthmatic airway remodeling partially by promoting myofibroblast accumulating in the lung. Methods:Twelve mice evenly were randomly divided into four groups:a saline group;an HDM-exposed group;an IgG isotype-treated group and an anti-TSLP-treated group. The supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) was used to analyze the levels of TSLP,IL-25 and IL-33 by ELISA. Fluorescence-labeled collagenⅠ( ColⅠ)/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) -dual-positive myofibroblasts were examined by confocal microscopy. Results:Chronic allergen exposure induced obviously abnormal airway structural changes,which were inhibited by blocking TSLP. We detected a highly increased number of myofibroblasts in the sub-epithelial zone in mice from HDM-challenged group. However, TSLP neutralization significantly reduced myofibroblasts recruitment. Moreover,blocking TSLP not only decreased the level of TSLP,but also inhibited the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-33 in BAL fluid. Conclusion:The results suggest that orchestrating myofibroblasts recruiting into the lungs is one of the main pathogenesis that TSLP involves in airway remodeling in asthmatic mice.

Objective To investigate whether ultrasonic coupling agent (UCA)can produce shielding or antago-nistic effect on iodine disinfectant for preoperative skin disinfection.Methods Shielding or antagonistic effect of UCA on iodine disinfectant were detected by laboratory carrier immersion killing test and on-the-spot skin disinfec-tion test.Results Antagonistic effect:after the mixing of iodophor with UCA,the average killing rate of iodophor containing available iodine 2 500mg/L and 625 mg/L to Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 100.00% to 99.67%-99.78% and 96.85 % - 98.25 %,respectively;the average killing rate to Escherichia coli decreased from 100.00% to 99.71 %-99.82% and 95 .93 %-98.56%,respectively.Shielding effect:after smearing with UCA, the average killing rate of iodophor and iodine tincture + alcohol to Escherichia coli decreased from 100.00% to 30.76% and 100.00% to 94.48%,respectively;the average killing rate to Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 99.99% to 55 .55 % and 100.00% to 98.22%,respectively.On-the-spot skin disinfection test:the killing rate of io-dophor and iodine tincture +alcohol to natural bacteria on skin surface were both 99.99%,after skin was smeared with UCA,the killing rate decreased to 92.62% and 93 .57%,respectively.Conclusion UCA remained on the oper-ative field has shielding and antagonistic effect on iodine disinfectant.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on spinal p38 mitogen?activated protein kinase ( p38MAPK) expression during remifentanil?induced hyperalgesia in rats with incisional pain. Methods Forty?eight healthy male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks, weighing 220-250 g, were ran?domly divided into 4 groups ( n= 12 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C) , inci?sion pain group ( group IP ) , incision pain + remifentanil group ( group IP+R ) , and incision pain +remifentanil + dexmedetomidine group ( group IP+R+D) . After successful establishment of the model of in?cisionsal pian, remifentanil 1?0μg∕kg was infused for 4 h via the tail vein in group IP+R; remifentanil 1?0μg∕kg was infused for 4 h via the tail vein, and dexmedetomidine 10μg∕kg was simultaneously infused for 4 h via the jugular vein in group IP+R+D; the equal volume of normal saline was infused for 4 h via the tail and jugular veins in C and IP groups. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) was measured at 24 h before operation ( T0 ) , and at 4, 6, 24 and 48 h after the end of drug infusion ( T1?4 ) . After meas?urement of MWT at T4 , the expression of p38MAPK was determined using immuno?histochemistry. Results was up?regulated at T4 in IP and IP+R groups ( P<0?05) , and no significant change was found in the MWT and expression of p38MAPK in group IP+R+D (P>0?05). Compared with group IP, the MWT was signifi?cantly decreased at T1?4, and the expression of p38MAPK was up?regulated at T4 in group P+R, and the MWT was significantly increased at T1?4, and the expression of p38MAPK was down?regulated at T4 in group IP+R+D (P<0?05). Compared with group IP+R, the MWT was significantly increased at T1?4, and the expression of p38MAPK was down?regulated at T4 in group IP+R+D ( P<0?05) . Conclusion The mecha?nism by which dexmedetomidine reduces hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil is related to down?regulation of spinal p38MAPK expression in the rats with incisional pain.