Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of self-efficacy among nurses with needlestick injuries and explore effective strategies to improve self-efficacy.Methods 713 clinical nurses with needlestick injuries had been enrolled by convenience and stratified sampling method to comphte the investigation using the self-designed demographic questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale.Results The average score of the self-efficacy was (2.70 ±0.52) points.69.1％ of the needlestick injury nurses had the sclf-efficacy score at the middle level; only 19.1％ of them had a higher level score on self-efficacy.Gender,title,section,initiative report,work environment,and occupational safety training were identified as the influencing factors of the self-efficiency.Conclusions Even though more than half of the nurses with needlestick injuries had a middle level self-efficacy,they need further improvement.Other influencing factors should be explored in future in order to develop the corresponding management intervention which can strengthen the self-efficacy of nurses with needlestick injuries.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous kyphoplasty is the main treatment for senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, but increasing number of patients who have not been treated with anti-osteoporosis therapy after operation develop secondary fractures due to decreased bone mineral density and changes of stress. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of consecutive 2-year zoledronic acid treatment following percutaneous kyphoplasty for preventing secondary vertebral fracture. METHODS: 186 elderly patients with thoracolumbar compressive fractures were divided into experimental (n=84) and control (n=102) groups based on their willingness to receive zoledronic acid treatment or not after percutaneous kyphoplasty. The experimental group was treated with calcium and alfacalcidol fololwed by 2 years of zoledronic acid treatment, while only calcium and alfacalcidol treatment was done in the control group. The bone mineral density, pain and function were respectively assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index, and the number of refractures was calculated at baseline and at the 2nd year after the second injection of zoledronic acid. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone mineral density, visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores at 2 years after treatment in both two groups were significantly superior to those at baseline (P < 0.05). The number of refractures in the experimental group (n=1) was significantly less than that in the control group (n=9) (P < 0.05). These results suggest that zoledronic acid can prevent secondary fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty in the elderly with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, improve long-term function and clinical effectiveness.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.017

Objective To investigate the understanding level of asthma related knowledge and the treatment compliance in parents of children with asthma in Tianjin. Methods Questionnaire survey was given to 93 randomly selected parents of children with asthma at our asthmatic clinic ,whose children began to receive regularly asthmatic administration for at least 6 months from June to July in 2009. Results 72.04% of the parents included into the survey knew that asthma was a chronic airway inflammatory disease; 100% of them adhered to use prescription inhaled corticosteroid (55.91%) or inhaled corticosteroid combined with an inhaled long-acting β2-agonist (44. 09% ) ;74. 68% of them believed that if the child is in a well control state, he/she could participate in exercise as healthy children. There were 93.55% and 97.85% children patients aged ＞ 5 had never used PEF meter or CACT respectively to monitor the ill conditions. 25.81% of the parents chose rapid-acting β2-agonist to deal with asthma at acute attack stage, while 19.35% chose to add antibiotics and 11.83% were unable to do anything. 43.01% of the parents worried that the long-term use of inhaled corticosteroid would have side effects on the growth and development of their children, although they chose to obey to the doctor's prescription. Conclusions The general understanding of asthma is good in the parents, whose children had received asthmatic administration regularly in Tianjin area,but there are still some weak links exist. The related education may help asthmatic children's parents to master the knowledge of asthma, give them correct recognition of the treatment and prevention of asthma,increase the treatment compliance. This work should be insisted continuously.

Objective To study the effect of intestinal bacteria on motor ability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice models and its mechanism. Methods Twenty wild type C57BL/6J mice (WT group) and 20 SOD1-G93A transgenic ALS mice (ALS group) were selected as the research subjects. (1) Ten mice in both WT group and ALS group were selected, respectively; 5 mice in each group were fed in SPF environment, and the remaining 5 mice were fed in aseptic environment; they were defined as WT+SPF group, WT+aseptic group, ALS+SPF group and ALS+aseptic group. (2) Ten mice in WT group and ALS group were fed in sterile environment; 5 mice in each group were transplanted with fecal bacteria, and the remaining 5 mice were not interfered; they were defined as WT+transplantation group, WT+non-transplantation group, ALS+transplantation group and ALS+non transplantation group. The grip strength of mice was measured by grip force meter, the motor coordination ability of mice was tested by roller treadmill and rotating rod test, the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord was measured by Nissl staining, the expression of microglia activation marker ionic calcium junction protein (IBA-1) in spinal cord tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in spinal cord tissues were detected by Western blotting; the β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) expression was detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results (1) The grip strength, drop latency and drop time of ALS+aseptic mice were significantly higher than those of ALS+SPF mice, the number of Nissl-stained positive cells was significantly larger than that of ALS+SPF mice, the number of IBA-1 positive cells was significantly smaller than that of ALS+SPF mice, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 protein expressions and BMAA concentration were statistically lower than those of ALS+SPF mice (P<0.05). (2) The grip strength, drop latency and drop time of ALS+transplantion mice were significantly lower than those of ALS+non-transplantation mice, the number of Nissl-stained positive cells was significantly smaller than that of ALS+non-transplantation mice, the number of IBA-1 positive cells was significantly larger than that of ALS+non-transplantation mice, the TNF-α and IL-6 protein expressions and BMAA concentration were significantly higher than those of ALS+non-transplantation mice (P<0.05). Conclusion Imbalance of intestinal bacteria homeostasis can decrease the motor ability of ALS mice, which is related to the activation of microglia.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of trans-theoretical model ( TTM ) based intervention for patients with hypertension to promote physical activity. Methods A total of 118 patients were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (n=56) and control group (n=62) by random number table. The patients of the experimental group received the TTM-based intervention while the patients of the control group received the conventional intervention. The results of two groups were compared. Results The score of behavior changing stage and motor behavior of different follow-up time in two groups had significant differences (F=46. 37,50. 44;P <0. 01). The systolic pressure was (124. 93 ± 10. 29) mmHg, diastolic pressure (78.32 ±8.42) mmHg in the experimental group that were lower than (133. 24 ± 11. 87), (83. 02 ± 7.97)mmHginthecontrolgroup(t= -4.05, -3.11; P<0.01).Conclusions TTMbasedinterventionis effective for patients with hypertension to promote physical activity.

Objective To investigate the incidence of falls in elderly people in a community of Suzhou during the past year and to provide evidence of preventive interventions. Methods The study collected 1 342 elderly people aged 60 and above, from a community of Suzhou using the method of cluster sampling. The participants were face-to-face interviewed their falling experiences during last year. Results A total of 223 people of the participants had falling experiences and occurred 392 times of falling during last year, and the falling incidence was 16. 62%. Among these cases, 650 (22. 62%) were female;692 (10. 98%) were male;the incidence of female was higher than the male (χ2 =32. 734,P<0. 01). The falling incidence rates of age 60-69, 70-79, 80 -89 and over 90 were 11. 33%, 16. 40%, 18. 52%, 26. 67%; falling incidence was increased with the age (χ2 =11. 261,P<0. 01). In 223 falling cases, only 5. 38% had not injured;72. 65%had soft tissue injury;18. 39% were bruised; 3. 59% had fractures and 62. 50% of them were hip fracture. 75. 35% of the people who had falling experience were afraid of second-time falling, while 32. 74% had limited the activities because of falling. Conclusions The falling incidence is very high in this community and falling experiences have negative effects on both physical and psychological health in elderly people. For this reason, effective preventive interventions are urged for these groups.

This review introduces the definition,content,and implementation steps of evidence mapping.It reviews the application of evidence mapping in the field of nursing,explores its role in enhancing the quality of nursing research,and summarizes the advantages,limitations,and prospects for development of evidence mapping.The goal is to strengthen the understanding of evidence mapping among nursing researchers,stimulate research interest,and promote the application of evidence mapping-based evidence synthesis methods in nursing research in China.

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of Chinese version Family Caregiver Task Inventory( FCTI ) in the relatives of acute myocardial infarction patients .Methods Totals of two class-A hospitals were selected in Suzhou by convenience sampling method , 195 cases of acute myocardial infarction patients′relatives were surveyed .Results The Cronbach′sαof FCTI was 0.867.The Cronbach′sαof the five branch scales was 0.617 -0.694.The split-half reliability was 0.900.The split-half reliability of the five branch scales was 0.605-0.750.The results of the factor analysis showed that there were seven main factors , which showed a cumulative variance rate of 57.384%.Each factors had a load capacity of 0.484 -0.796, which was all over 0.04.Conclusions The Chinese version FCTI has a great reliability and validity , so it fits to evaluate the care ability of acute myocardial infarction patients′relatives .

Objective To assess the prognosis and effect on renal function of pediatric urolithiasis caused by melamine-contaminated milk powder (PUMMP) in a long-term follow-up.Methods One hundred and two of 8335 children (≤ 6-year-old) with history of consuming melamine-contaminated milk powder screened in our hospital were followed up for eighteen months after diagnosis. Urinary system ultrasonography, urinalysis, urinary microprotein profiles [microalbumin (ALBU), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (NAG)], urinary melamine and cyanuric acid were examined in the first visit and at the end of follow-up. Results Follow-up was completed in 91 children and the stone was excreted in 82 children (90.1%).Stones less than 5 mm in diameter were most vulnerable to discharge, and stones larger than 10 mm could not be expelled without interventions. At the end of follow-up, no melamine or cyanuric acid was found in the urine samples of 74 patients. Urinalysis showed that incidences of proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and leukocyturia were 0%, 5.1% and 2.0%, which were significant different from those in the first visit (Pproteinutria=0.123, Phemnatuna=0.038 and Pleukocyhuris=0.005).Urinary microprotein profiles revealed that some children whose urinalysis was normal still presented glomerular and renal tubular injury and the abnormal rates were 8.8% and 12.1%respectively. The glomerular injury was mainly related to persistent stone, male and younger.Conclusions 90.1% of children with PUMMP passes urinary stones at the end of follow-up.Stone size is the major risk factor of discharge. No melamine or cyanuric acid is found in the urine of children. After eighteen months, glomerular and renal tubular injury is still found in some patients. Further follow-up is necessary.