Recently, genome-wide association study (GWAS)has achieved great success in illuminating genetic basis of complex diseases. GWAS of type 2 diabetes is regarded as a paradigm of genetic dissection of complex human diseases, which are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Some basic facts of GWAS,as well as implementation of GWAS in type 2 diabetes, are reviewed in this article.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reaction protein,which is very sensitive to the inflammatory reaction.Many studies have confirmed that CRP is closely correlated with ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis.However,studies on correlation between CRP and intracerebral hemorrhage are less.This article reviews the relationship between CRP and intracerebral hemorrhage.

This paper first described the concept of competitive intelligence and hospital competitive intelligence.Then,the resources of hospital library intelligence was analyzed with the method of SWOT,and the feasibility of competitive intelligence service was discussed.Finally,three aspects of the service were elaborated,which included collection of competitive intelligence,instruction of the knowledge of competitive intelligence,and the establishment of competitive intelligence system in hospitals.

Objective Investigate the degradation process of polyactic acid (PLA) filaments within peripheral nerves and its adverse effects on peripheral nerve. Method Bilateral sciatic nerves of 20 SD rats were exposed, and PLA filaments were implanted among the fascicles at one side, while Vicryl filaments were implanted into the contralateral nerve as control. The filaments and nerves were harvested at 1,4,8 and 12 weeks postoperatively, and inspected by macroscopy, light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results The degradation occurred not only on the surface but also inside the PLA filaments after they were implanted into the sciatic nerve. PLA fragments still could be found at the end of this study. During the degradation of PLA filaments, macrophages invaded into the filaments and exhibited active phagocytosis. There were mild degree infiltration of lymphocytes and fibroblast around the filaments during their degradation. However, the structure of peripheral nerve didnt change significantly. Conclusion It takes more than 12 weeks that PLA filaments degrade in peripheral nerve completely. Mild nonspecific inflammation develops following the implantation of PLA filaments into peripheral nerve, but it has no adverse effects on nerve.

Objective To investigate the influences of 4 kinds of collagenase with different degrees of activity on the survival rate,contraction and relaxation functions of isolated rats' myocardiocytes.Methods Rats' myocardiocytes were isolated by enzymolysis with 4 kinds of collagenase with different degrees of activity.The survival rate of myocardiocytes was observed immediately after isolation(D),one hour after loading with calcium(E time point) and 10 minutes after electric stimulation(F time point).The contraction and relaxation functions of myocardiocytes,including contraction amplitude(ph),the proportionality of ph/single cardiocyte length(bl),maximal velocity of contraction(+dL/dt) and maximal velocity of relaxation(-dL/dt),were measured with IonOptix video edge tracker.Results From 203U/mg to 299U/mg,with lowering of the activity of collagenase,the isolation time became longer,the survival rate of myocardiocytes declined 1 hour after loading calcium and 10 minutes after electric stimulation(P

Soft aid for health has become an important component of China's foreign aid. Soft aid for health with a focus on human resources development reflects the core spirit and the innovative mechanism of China's foreign aid. This paper examines three different types of aid for health human resources: medical assistance teams, govern-ment scholarships for students from developing countries, and health training courses for officials from developing countries. It also argues that China's foreign aid exposes problems, including insufficient strategic planning, non-in-volvement of civil society and NGOs, and lack of research on China's soft aid practices. In this paper, we suggests that to improve the effectiveness of foreign aid, the government should improve its strategic planning for aid, ensure the full public participation, strengthen the academic research, and improve knowledge sharing.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravenous catheter in combination with ultraviolet radiation for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).Methods96 patients with PHN were randonly divided into three groups.Intravenous catheter plus UVB radiation was given in the test group(32 patients).Intravenous catheter or UVB radiation was only given in two control groups (32 patients/group), respectively.ResultsThe total effective rate in the test group was 96.88％ (31/32) and the average onset time was 1.55 days.However,the total effective rate in two control groups was 81.25％ (26/32) and 68.75％ (22/32) ,and the average onset time was 2.48 days and 7.41days.There was a statistical difference observed in curative rate (x2 = 5.33,42.42, P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), the total effective rate(x2 =4.59,8.89,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and the average onset time(t =22.96,11.96,all P＜0.01)between the test group and two control groups.Moreove,there was also a statistical difference observed in curative rate (x2 = 22.44, P ＜ 0.001) and the average onset time (t = 29.30, P ＜ 0.01) between two control groups.ConclusionIntravenous catheter in combination with UVB radiation was much better than intravenous catheter or UVB radiation only in the treatment of PHN.

Objectives To study the survival,growth and function restoration of fetal ovary allo transplant. Methods Murine fetal ovaries were grafted subcutaneously and under renal capsule to spayed adult female rats.On day 5,10,25-35,beyond 35 after transplantation,the grafts were removed and underwent histological and histochemical examination. Serum estrodiol and progesterone levels were determined. Results It can be divided three periods according the HE staining:On the day 5 of transplantation, there were many blood cells in the graft.On day 10,there were a lot of primordial and primary follicles in ovarian cortex of the graft.On day 25 and later,there were follicles in different developing stages, corpora luteas and interstitial glands in the graft.The positive reaction of 3-β-HSDH and oil red O and the results of serum estrodiol and progesterone showed that transplanted fetal ovary restored secreting function. Conclusions Fetal ovary allotransplant can be survival,develop and restore the function of secreting sexhormone.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of early rehabilitation for severely burned patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods One hundred and eighty two severely burned patients were enrolled in the study,including 97 patients receiving early rehabilitation in ICU (rehabilitation group) and 85 patients without early rehabilitation (control group).There were no significant differences in burned surface area,depth and locations between two groups.After one year's treatment,patients were evaluated by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS).Results The mean VSS score of rehabilitation group was significantly lower than that of control group (3.1 ± 1.2 vs.5.2 ± 1.3,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early rehabilitation therapy is beneficial for severely burned patients in ICU.

Objective To study the effects of nicotine on GDNF and dopamine content in striatum of Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.Methods 6-OHDA was stereoscopically injected to right side of the mesencephic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Nicotine of different dosages was intraperitoneally injected into PD rats.With biochemical,immunohistochemical techniques, we observed the changes of GDNF expression and dopamine content in striatum.Results Nicotine was intraperitoneally injected into PD rat models before or after the operation,striatum GDNF expression and DA content had significant improvement as compared with PD group (P