Objective To investigate the immunoreactivity of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and its receptor at human and mouse neuromuscular junctions and to explore their regulatory effects on neuromuscular junctions. Methods Specific polyclonal antibodies were used to detect PDGF-A and PDGF a-receptor expression. Double immunohistochemistry for platelet-derived growth factor and the acetylcholine receptor was performed on normal human muscle biopsy specimens. Double fluorescence labeling was applied to detect immunoreactivity for PDGF-A, its receptor and acetylcholine receptors. Results PDGF-A and its receptor was closely co-localized with acetylcholine receptors at human and mouse neuromuscular junctions. Conclusion PDGF-A and its receptor concentrated at human and mouse neuromuscular junctions. PDGF might be involved in the interaction between the presynaptic and postsynaptic components, PDGF-A and its receptor might play regulatory role in signaling at neuromuscular junctions in normal muscle.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reaction protein,which is very sensitive to the inflammatory reaction.Many studies have confirmed that CRP is closely correlated with ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis.However,studies on correlation between CRP and intracerebral hemorrhage are less.This article reviews the relationship between CRP and intracerebral hemorrhage.

With the improvement of radiation therapy technology and the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors,the survival time of patients with malignant tumors is gradually extended.In recent years,carotid stenosis and cerebrovascular disease complications after radiation therapy have received increasing attention.Existing studies have shown that carotid stenosis after radiation therapy is not only associated with atherosclerosis,it is likely to be an independent vascular lesion.This article reviews the correlation between head,neck and cerebral ischemic events,characteristics and mechanisms of vascular injury after radiation therapy,as well as the risk factors for carotid stenosis,clinical manifestations,and diagnosis and treatment methods after radiation therapy.

Objective To compare the survival and developmental potential of mouse morula, early blastocysts and blastocysts cryopreserved by vitrification. Methods One hundred and forty-two mouse morula, 135 early blastocysts and 148 blastocysts were cryopreserved by 6 mol/L ethylene glycol and 1 mol/L sucrose vitrification solutions. The survival rates and blastocysts hatching rates after thawing were observed. Results The survival rates of morula, early blastocysts and blastocysts groups were 88. 0% ,73. 3% ,and 60. 1% respectively. The blastocyst hatching rates were 73. 9% , 61. 5% ,and 49. 3% respectively. Both the survival rates and blastocyst hatching rates in morula group were higher than those in early blastocysts group (P

Objective To establish a new method for inducing the primordial germ cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like in vitro.Methods The primordial germ cells(PGCs) from the gonadal ridges of the mouse embryos of 13 days postcoitum from Kunming pregnant mice were cultured in vitro.Then embryonic hepatocytes enclosed in microcapsule and liver tissue extract of newborn mice were added into medium to co-culture with PGCs for committed differentiation.Albumin(ALB) and ?-1-antitrypsin(AAT) were assayed by immunocytochemistry.Results The morphology of cells differentiated from PGCs likes star or ovum,the ALB and AAT immune positive expression were detected in those differentiated cells.The ratio of positive cells was above 70% in 2 weeks.Conclusion Microenvironment of embryonic hepatocyte microcapsules and liver tissue extract could effectively induce PGCs to differentiate into hepatocytes.

BACKGROUND: Currently, a variety of new dressings have been on the market, which are diversified and exhibit multifunctional trends. However, ideal wound dressings are still in exploration.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the basic physiological function and polymer advantage of dextran as well as its effects to promote wound healing in combination with other macromolecule materials, in order to impel the development of dextran as a new medical dressing .METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, PubMed, WanFang, VIP databases was performed to retrieve reviews or research articles addressing dextran and medical dressings published from January 2000 to December 2016. The keywords were dressing, dextran, wound healing in Chinese and English, respectively.Finally, 31 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Dextran has the physiological functions of promoting wound healing and immune function. These physiological functions are the basis of dextran as a medical dressing. Additionally, dextran has some polymer advantages, such as water absorption, biodegradability and non-toxicity. It is noteworthy that dextran can be combined with macromolecules to produce new polymer materials that can promote wound healing in animal experiments. Taken together, dextran, as a medical dressing, has a broad clinical prospect in wound healing.

This article summarizes the investigation on infrasound at home and abroad and introduces such issues about infrasound as the effects of infrasound on cardio-vascular system, nervous system, audition and vision, its application to medical device as well as its safe-threshold. Being inaudible and with a mechanism of bio-resonance, infrasound has a brilliant perspective when applied to biomedicine.

The development of transitional epithelium of ureter and urinary bladder in the rats from prenatal 15 days old to postnatal 4 weeks old was studied by histological and histochemical methods. During the development, RNA and glycogen contents are increased at first and then decreased. The activity of SDH,AcP and AlP increased gradually and ATPase reaction was negative. These parameters tended to be stable from the postnatal 3rd week, it meants that the epithelium tend to maturation. On the prenatal 15th day there were some significant differences between the epithelium of the two organs, however thereafter they gradually become identical and they showed the same type of epithelium, i.e. transitional epithelium at maturation. This means that they reached the same goal by different routes. In addition, on the prenatal 15th day the epithelium of urinary bladder stratified in most portions, some of the superficial cells degenerate. Hence it deduced that the epithelium of urinary bladder undergo primitive stratification firstly, nad then cell degeneration happens, and evolve into trasitional form ultimately. Meanwhile, We presume that in certain extent, the development of the epithelium of the two organs, including cell temporary degeneration, in addition to the action of embryonic induction, probably related to the content of urinary tract also.

BACKGROUND: The study on the candidate gene of schizophrenia was one of the major ways of exploring its etiology. One of important candidate genes associated with schizophrenia is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(BDNF)OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between schizophrenia and C270T polymorphism of BDNF gene.DESIGN: Case-control and comparative observation SETTING: Institute of Mental Health of Central South University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 194 patients with schizophrenia, including 95 males and 99 females aged from 15 to 59 years, hospitalized in man and women wards in the Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from March to October 2003 were set as patients group. Controls were selected among the healthy volunteers of Xiangya Medical College was included in terms of age and gender comparable with patients group. Altogether 187 cases of controls, of whom 88 males and 99 females were studied. Their age ranged from 18 to 42 years old with the average of (26±7) years old.Those with psychosies and severe somatopathy were excluded. The patients and their family member have no history of psychosis .All the subjects were of Hunan Han nationality. Either the patient or his or her family members signed the written consent form. Individuals in the control group also signed the written consent form.positive symptom scale (PANSS-P) (7 items), negative symptom scale (PANSS-N) (7 items) and General Symptom Scale (PANSS-G) (16 items),altogether 30 items, as well as 3 additional items to evaluate the attack fatalness were used to evaluate whether the psychic symptom existed or not and the degree of severity of each symptom(7-item scoring: 1 was without,7 was very severe) . The patients were evaluated on the day of hospitalizing was used to compare the frequency among groups.polymorphism of BDNF gene between patients group and healthy control RESULTS: Totally 194 patients with schizophrenia and 187 healthy genotype (26.8%) in patients was much higher than that of the healthy controls (5.9%) (x2=32.71, df=1, P ＜ 0.01).The distribution frequency of T allele in patients' group (14.4%) was much higher than that in the scores, PANSS-P, PANSS-N and PANSS-G scores in patients with the genotype of C/T were 59-121 ;9-42( average 20.08±6.16);8-41 (average 19.02±9.13);22-68 (average 36±8.02)respectively. And the total PANSS scores, PANSS-P, PANSS-N and PANSS-G scores in patients with the genotype of C/C were 58-121 ;7-39, (average 19.2±5.88);8-40scores, (average19.02 ±8.98); 22 -68 (average36.4 ±8.32)respectively.There were no significant differences in positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS)items as well as PANSS-G between the patients with C/C and C/T genotype(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: BDNF gene C270T polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of schizophrenia. The distribution frequency of T/C genotype and T allele in schizophreniac was significantly higher than those of the normal healthy controls. And no significant difference was obtained between patients with the genotype of T/C or C/C in terms of negative,positive symptoms and psychosocial function as well.

Objective To explore the effect of glucose regulated protein (GRP)78 on the neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Middle cerebral artery ischemia reperfusion rat's models were used with the modified filament method. The expression of GRP78 in the ischemic penumbra tissue was detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry at different time points. Primary cultured rat's neurons were exposed to hypoxia and subsequently reoxygenation. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of GRP78. The changes of the neuronal apoptosis after overexpression of GRP78 induced by 2-deoxyglucose were detected. Results The expression of GRP78 in the ischemic penumbra tissue in model group was significantly increased (mRNA : 0.7367±0.0651, F= 477.160, P < 0.01 ; Protein : 0. 8129±0. 0748, F=39.857, P < 0.01). The neuronal survival status was increased after overpression of GRP78 (increased by 39.22% ± 0. 44%, t=46.374, P < 0.01) while the neuronal apoptosis was decreased (decreased by 16.60±1.02, t=7.530, P <0.01). Conclusion Focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress which plays a role in the neuronal apoptosis. The increased expression of GRP78 may protect the ischemic tissue from neuronal apoptosis.