This article outlined the necessity of integrated information literacy education,ex-pounded the connotation of information literacy and integrated education and analyzed the situation of integrated information literacy education in China's medical colleges. In the end,the measures of inte-grated information literacy education were promoted from the following perspectives:improving the level of information literacy of professional teachers,designing the curriculum system of information literacy,integrating with medical professional courses,and establishing a network learning platform with professional education and information literacy education.

Objective To compare the survival and developmental potential of mouse morula, early blastocysts and blastocysts cryopreserved by vitrification. Methods One hundred and forty-two mouse morula, 135 early blastocysts and 148 blastocysts were cryopreserved by 6 mol/L ethylene glycol and 1 mol/L sucrose vitrification solutions. The survival rates and blastocysts hatching rates after thawing were observed. Results The survival rates of morula, early blastocysts and blastocysts groups were 88. 0% ,73. 3% ,and 60. 1% respectively. The blastocyst hatching rates were 73. 9% , 61. 5% ,and 49. 3% respectively. Both the survival rates and blastocyst hatching rates in morula group were higher than those in early blastocysts group (P

Objective To evaluate sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition and duodenojejunal bypass for the treatment of nonobese Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Forty one patients of nonobese Type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition and duodenojejunal bypass.Fasting glucose ( FPG ),glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbAlc ),fasting insulin and C-peptide,triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipeprotein(LDL) were measured preoperatively and on postoperative first,3rd,6th month.Results Mean postoperative follow-up was 9.6 months (range 6-21 months).95％ patients achieved adequate glycemic control (HbAlc ＜ 7％ ) without antidiabetic medication.Fasting glycemia decreased from ( 9.7 ± 0.4 ) mmol/L to ( 6.2 ± 0.3 ) mmol/L ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Glycosylated hemoglobin decreased from 8.1％ ± 1.4％ to 5.8％ ± 0.6％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ).2-hour postprandial blood glucose decreased from ( 13.6 ± 0.7 ) mmol/L to ( 10.6 ± 0.2 ) mmol/L ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Insulin resistance (Homa-R) decreased from 4.8 ± 1.3 to 1.2 ±0.4 (P ＜0.01 ).Fasting C-peptide increased from ( 3.3 ± 1.7 ) ng/ml to (4.9 ± 0.2 ) ng/ml ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Fasting insulin increased from ( 10.2 + 1.4 ) mlu/L to (15.6±0.7) mlu/L(P＜0.01 ).Triglycerides (TG) decreased from (3.1 ±0.5) mmol/L to (1.9 ±0.4) mmol/L ( P ＜ 0.01 ).High density lipoprotein (HDL) increased from ( 1.2 ±± 0.2 ) mmol/L to ( 1.9 ±0.8 ) mmol/L( P ＜ 0.01 ).Low density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased from (3.5 ± 0.3 ) mmol/L to (2.4 ±0.6) mmol/L (P ＜0.01 ).Hypertension was controlled in 3/7 cases.Microalbuminuria resolved in 78％ patients.Retinopathy was improved in 53％ cases.Conclusions Sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition duodenojejunal bypass is effective for treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus as showed by 6 month's follow-up.

Objective To investigate whether pregnant rats exposure to ketamine cause offspring changes in space cognitive abilities and exploration abilities.Methods 3-month Sprague-Dawley female rats ( n =24)were randomly divided into four groups:group N (control group),group K1 (small doses of ketamine group),group K2 ( clinical anesthesia dose of ketamine group),group K3 ( large doses of ketamine group).3-month Sprague-Dawley male rats ( n =4) and female rats were mated at the same cage by the proportion of 2∶ 1.Pregnant mice were treated at tenth day:group N were treated saline with equal-volume to ketamine vein injection; group K1,group K2,group K3 administered vein injection 3,8,20mg/kg of ketamine.Then the 20-day offspring rats'learning and memory were assessed used Open Field Test ( record the time of the offspring in the central case through the number of grid within 2 min ) and Hole Board Test ( Counting the times of offspring stretch into the hole in 5 min) at postnatal days 20.Results In the Open Field Test,the retention time in central check of group N,group K2 and group K3 were (2.45 ± 1.23)s,(6.42 ±2.50)s,(6.41 ±2.19)s.Compared with group N,the retention time in central check of group K2 and group K3 were significantly higher (F=13.42,P＜0.01 ),and group K1 were not significant different ( t =1.33,P＞0.01 ),and the locomotion of group K1,group K2,group K3 were significantly reduced( ( 15.33 ± 6.81 ),( 13.75 ± 5.93 ),( 16.92 ± 6.54 ),F =4.24,P ＜ 0.05 ).In the Hole Board Test,the times of offspring stretch into the hole were not significant different comparing with the control group(F=2.17,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The dose of ketamine that equivalented clinical anesthesia can affect offspring rats' space cognitive abilities; but the exploring cognitive ability were not significantly influenced.

Objective To evaluate the early effects on insulin resistance following sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition duodenojejunal bypass operation.Methods From Jun.2010 to Sep.2011,37 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients [23 male,14 female; mean age (45.2 ± 2.4) years,mean BMI (21.7 ± 1.8) kg/m2] underwent sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition duodenojejunal bypass operation.Fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FIns),body mass index(BMI),and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR) were detected before surgery and on the 10th,20th,30th,and 60th day after surgery.Results The level of FPG was (6.8 ± 0.7) mmol/L,(7.2 ± 0.6) mmol/L,(6.9 ± 0.3) mmol/L respectively on the 10th,20th,and 30th day after surgery,significantly lower than that before surgery[(10.2 ±0.4)mmol/L].The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The level of Fins was (6.3 ± 1.1) mIu/L,(7.1 ± 1.3) mIu/L,and (7.3 ± 1.6) mIu/L respectively on the 10th,20th,and 30th day after surgery,significantly lower than that before surgery[(12.6 ± 1.4)mIu/L].The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The level of lnHOMA-IR was 0.7 ± 0.2,0.9 ± 0.5,and 0.8 ±0.4 respectively on the 10th,20th,and 30th day after surgery,significantly lower than that before surgery (1.8 ±0.6).The differenc had statistical significance(P ＜0.05).However,the change of BMI was not obvious between before surgery and on the 10th,20th,and 30th day after surgery.The difference had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).on the 60th day after surgery,the level of FPG,Fins,lnHOMA-IR and BMI was significantly reduced compared with that before surgery.The difference had statistical significantce(P ＜0.05).Conclusion After sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition duodenojejunal bypass operation,the early improvement of insulin resistance occurs rapidly and it is iadependent of the loss of BMI.

Leveraging the centralized drug purchase platform of medical institutions in Beijing, the study measured the drug price index (DPI) and the DDD price index from 2005 to 2013, and the outcomes indicate a drop of both the drug price index and the drug price index calculated by DDD.Despite such drops however, drug price drop by itself could not curb the constant rise of drug expenses and medical costs due to changes in the structure and interval of drug administration.

Objective To investigate the role of prenatal single-dose administration of dexamethasone and ambroxol on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of fetal and neonatal rats. Methods Fifty-four pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups with eighteen rats in each group:rats treated with 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone (group 1),0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone and 100 mg/kg ambroxol (group 2),or saline(controls) on the 17th day of gestation.The lung tissues of the offsprings were harvest independently on the 19th day of gestation,the postnatal 3 days and 7 days.The expressions of TLR4 in fetal/neonatal rat lungs of each pregnant rat were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),immunohistochemistry stain,and Western blot. ANOVA and two independent samples t-test were applied. Results On the 19th day of pregnancy,TLR4 mRNA expression was up-regulated in lungs of the two treatment groups compared with controls(controls:0.26 ± 0.18,group 1:0.39 ± 0.21,t =5.866,P＜ 0.05 ; control:0.27 ± 0.22,group 2:0.46 ± 0.13,t =9.572,P＜ 0.01 ).TLR4 mRNA expression was up-regulated in group 2 compared with controls on the postnatal 3 days and 7 days(postnatal 3 d:0.59 ± 0.23 and 0.47 ±0.24,t=2.295,P＜0.05;postnatal 7 d:0.52±0.12 and 0.35±0.17,t=4.219,P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found in group 1 compared with the controls(postnatal 3 d:0.45±0.22 and 0.44±0.14,t=0.128,P＞0.05; postnatal 7 d:0.40±0.16 and 0.36 ±0.12,t=1.365,P＞0.05).Results of the immunohistochemistry demonstrated that on the 19th day of pregnancy,the protein expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in the two treatment groups (controls:0.20 ± 0.29,group 1:0.35±0.32,t=7.179,P＜0.05 ;controls:0.20±0.29,group 2:0.39±0.25,t=10.764,P＜0.01).The protein expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in group 2 on the postnatal 3 days and 7 days(postnatal 3 d:0.55±0.32 and 0.37±0.18,t=7.121,P＜0.05;postnatal 7 d:0.41±0.29and 0.25±0.24,t=6.355,P＜0.05),while no notable difference was found between group 1 and the control (postnatal 3 d:0.40±0.21 and 0.37±0.18,t=0.683,P＞0.05 ;postnatal 7 d:0.28±0.31 and 0.25±0.24,t=0.462,P＞0.05).Results of the Western blot demonstrated that on the 19th day of pregnancy,the protein expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in the two treatment groups (controls:0.15 ± 0.12,group 1:0.27± 0.20,t =7.835,P＜0.05; controls:0.16 ± 0.18,group 2:0.34±0.16,t=10.470,P＜0.01).The protein expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in lungs of the combination administration group on the postnatal 3 days and 7 days(postnatal 3 d:group 2:0.37±0.20 and 0.25±0.22,t=6.379,P＜0.05; postnatal 7 d:0.35±0.15 and 0.24±0.13,t=5.152,P＜0.05),while no notable difference could be found between group 1 and the control (postnatal3 d:0.32±0.26 and 0.25±0.16,t=1.167,P＞0.05; postnatal 7 d:0.29±0.19 and 0.24±0.10,t =1.248,P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions Prenatal single-dose administration of dexamethasone may up-regulate the expression of TLR4 in the rat fetal lung.The up-regulation of TLR4 might be one of the critical factors for glucocorticoid-induced maturity of fetal lung.Prenatal single-dose administration of dexamethasone and ambroxol may have effects on the regulation of TLR4 not only in fetal rats,but also in neonatal rats.

0.05). Conclusion The defecation function was similar between CPP group and CJP group. Therefore, the coloplasty pouch seems to be superior because of feasibility, simplicity, and effectiveness.

Objective To analyze the value of mini-open approach beside costodiaphragmatic recess in thoracolumbar spine surgery. Methods This approach was applied in 31 anterior thoracolumbar spine surgeries, including 22 men and 9 women, with a mean age of 41 years old (range, 26-58 yrs). The diagnosis were burst fractures in 27 cases (T12 level in 12 cas?es and L1 level in 15 cases) and disc herniations with osteochondrosis in 4 cases. An antero-lateral 10-15 (average is 12) cm incision was performed, then the 11th rib was resected and the extraperitoneal space below diaphragma was disconnected. The pleura fold was identified beneath the rib bed, so the gap beside the costdiaphragmatic recess was entered through an in?cision beyond the fold. The diaphragm and medial arcuate ligament were clipped and vertebral body from T11 to L2 were ex?posed. Results The lateral side of T11 to L2 vertebral body was sufficiently exposed in all the 31 patients. In 26 patients, the pleura fold was beyond the bed of the 11th rib, so the 11th intercostals vessel and nerve were exposed and protected, and the costodiaphragmatic recess was reached through the superior border of the 12th rib. Laceration of pleura occurred in 4 cases af?ter it was sutured, but the extra-pleura approach could still be used after repairing without invading into thorax. Fixation and fusion were performed from T11 to L2. Complications include intercostals nerve pain were seen in 3 cases, which resolved with conservative treatment. Conclusion The mini-open approach beside costodiaphragmatic recess can be used in anterior thoraclumbar spine surgery with sufficient explosion and minimum injury in which thoracic cavity.

Aim Our previous study has found that ur-solic acid( UA) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production and adenosine monophos-phate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) phosphoryla-tion, inhibited signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 3 ( STAT3 ) phosphorylation and cyclooxygen-ase-2 ( COX-2 ) expression in gastric cancer cells . However , the molecular mechanism by which UA in-hibits COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells has not been fully clarified .In this study we aimed to further clarify the signal transduction pathways involved in the UA-mediated inhibition of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells .Methods Human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45 were routinely cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-in-activated fetal calf serum .Sub-confluent cell cultures were pre-treated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine ( NAC) , AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imida-zolecarbox-amide-riboside ( AICAR ) , AMPK inhibitor compound C, or STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 and then treated with or without UA for 24 h.The expression of AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK ( p-AMPK ) , STAT3 and phos-phorylated STAT3 ( p-STAT3 ) , as well as COX-2 was detected by Western blot analysis .Results Antioxi-dant NAC and AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked UA-induced inhibition of STAT 3 phosphorylation and down-regulation of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells.Both AMPK activator AICAR and UA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression; the combination of two drugs resulted in further reduction . STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 did not affect UA-induced AMPK phosphorylation , whereas it inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression .The inhibitory effects on the STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 ex-pression were significantly enhanced when SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells were treated simultaneously with WP1066 plus UA.Conclusion UA inhibits COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells , which may be medi-ated through ROS/AMPK/STAT3 signal transduction pathway .