Objective:To investigate the characteristics of calcium metabolism and identify the calcium intake that produces plateau retention in premenarche Chinese girls. Method:Forty-nine healthy premenarche Chinese girls (9-11.5 y) were recruited, and divided into four groups respectively receiving one of four different doses of calcium intakes for 6 d, 600 mg (usual diet),900 mg (containing 250 ml milk),1 200 mg (containing 250 ml milk and 750 mg CaCO3) and 1 500 mg calcium (250 ml milk and 1500 mg CaCO3) per day. Calium in 3-day urine and stool,and 3-d duplicated food samples were collected to assess the calcium equilibrium during the treatment period. Results: There were no significant differences in apparent calcium absorption among the four groups (55%, 53%, 52% and 52%). The relationship between calcium intake and calcium retention was fitted into a non-liner regression model which showed that the calcium retention was approaching the plateau when calcium intake reached 1100mg/d. Conclusion: The apparent calcium absorption was 53%?0.12% in Chinese premenarche girls with dietary calcium intakes ranged between 600 to 1500 mg/d. Calcium retention approached its plateau when calcium intake reached 1 100 mg/d in Chinese premenarche girls.

Objective:To assess the proportion of genotypes of osteocalcin gene polymorphism, and to investigate if the polymorphism of osteocalcin gene is associated with BMD in Chinese premenarche girls. Methods: 152 healthy premenarche girls of Han ethic (9-11.5y) were recruited. BMD and BMC at the lumber spine (L1-L4), proximal femur, and total body were measured by DXA; PCR-RFLP was used to amplify the polymorphisms of the osteocalcin gene. Results:The proportion of genotype of OC gene polymorphism were 5.26% HH,, 36.84% Hh, and 58.90% hh, respectively. Significant differences were observed in BMD and BMC at the total body, and BMD at the L1-L4 lumber spine and femur neck among subjects with different genotypes (P

Objective To explore the effects of embolizing intracranial ruptured aneurysm in early stage using Guglielmi Detachable Coil (GDC). Methods 10 intracranial ruptured aneurysms including 8 cases of the first ruptured and 2 cases of the second ruptured were studied. The locations of aneurysm were as following: 1 case in anterior cerebral artery, 1 case in middle cerebral artery, 5 cases in anterior communicating artery, 2 cases in posterior communicating artery, and 1 case of multianeurysm in anterior and posterior communicating artery. Hunt-Hess grade was as following: 2 cases of gradeⅠ,4 cases of gradeⅡ, 2 cases of gradeⅢ, 1 case of grade Ⅳ, and 1 case of grade Ⅴ. Fisher CT scale was as following: 2 cases of gradeⅠ, 6 cases of gradeⅡ,and 2 cases of grade Ⅲ. Embolization of intracranial ruptured aneurysm was performed in early stage using GDC, 7 cases in 3 days after ruptured, and 3 cases in 6 days after ruptured. Results Among 11 aneurysms in 10 cases, 8 cases were 100% embolization, 2 cases≥95%, and 1 case≥90%. Followed-up from 1 month to 2 years after operation 1 case was dead, 7 cases recovered well, 1 case was in vegetable state, and 1 case occurred subarachnoid hemorrhage again. Conclusions GDC early embolization is preferable technique for treating intracranial ruptured aneurysm.

Objective To explore the microneurosurgical treatment of recurrent intra-spinal canal tumors. Methods The clinical data on the microsurgical parameters, operative procedures, operative efficacy and post-operative complications of 16 cases with recurrent intra-spinal canal tumors from June 1993 to June 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Results Under the operative microscope, the tumors were totally removed in 10 cases, subtotally in 4 cases, and partially in 2 cases. Fllowed up from 5 months to 8 years, 11 cases recovered well, 4 cases suffered from moderate disability, and 1 case died. Preoperative CT or MRI scan, knowledge of the anatomy and structures, and skillful operative techinique all were important to microsurgical treatment of recurrent intra-spinal canal tumors. Conclusion Once diagnosis of recurrent intra-spinal canal tumors, the operative treatment is effective. Radiation therapy for the malignant tumors or incompletely removed recurrent tumors is necessary.

Objective To discuss the role of combined external beam radiotherapy and intraluminal brachytherapy for tracheal cancer and bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods From February 1987 to August 1996, 4 patients with primary tracheal cancer, 22 with primary lung cancer and 14 (18 sites) with postoperative recurrent lung cancer were irradiated. External beam radiotherapy (EBR ) was delivered with linac X-ray to a total dose of 30-77?Gy (median 52?Gy). Intraluminal irradiation (IR ) was delivered with low dose rate 192 Ir (1.48?BGq) to a total dose of 10-53?Gy (median 28?Gy), 4-6?Gy per fraction on the bronchial mucosa. Results Complete response (CR) was obtained in 37 patients, partial response (PR) in 2 and minor response (MR) in 1. The 3-year and 5-year local control rates by Kaplan-Meier method were 75% and 65%. Twenty-three patients have survived for 3 years or longer, with a 3-year survival rate of 57.5%. Complications were rare. Conclusions Combined external beam radiotherapy and intraluminal irradiation is effective for primary lung cancer and localized tracheal cancer, possibly giving long-term survivals.

Objective To investigate the effects of Ganmaidazao Decoction (GMDZD), Sinisan(SNS) and Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) recipe on endogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) of rat with chronic stress.Methods In order to establish the rat models with chronic stress, the feet of animals were stimulated with a pat-tern of electrical impulses (long term, high voltage and constant current). The alterations of behavior of animals were observed and quantified by open-field and tail-suspension test. Levels of NGF in pitttitary,hypetholamus and blood plasma were quantified using radio-immunoassay (RIA) method. Results 1) In comparision with the wild-type (WT) control rats, locomotor activity decreased significantly in the models and groups treated by Chinese medicinal herbs (P<0.01). In addition,the Chinese medicinal herbs treated groups exhibited increased locomotor activity than the model groups (P<0.01). 2) The cross time of the model groups decreased significantly compared with the WT controls (P < 0. 01). Meanwhile, three Chinese medicinal herbs treated groups displayed longer cross time than the model groups (P< 0. 01). 3)The vertical movement times of the model groups decreased significantly compared with the WT controls (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, three Chinese medicinal herbs treated groups displayed in-creased vertical movement times than the model groups (P <0.05). 4)In the tail-suspension test, the duration of immobility increased significantly in the model groups compared with the WT controls (P < 0. 01). However, the duration of immobility of three Chinese medicinal herbs treated groups were less than the model groups (P < 0.01). 5) Compared to the model groups,the level of NGF in pituitary of animals treated by GMDZD and SNS in-creased significantly (P<0.01). In the hypothalamus,the level of NGF in SJZD treated groups decreased in com-parision with the WT control and model groups (P<0.05). Whereas, GMDZD and SNS treated groups decreased significantly than WT control and model groups (P<0.01). In the blood plasma,the level of NGF showed a signif-icant reduction in the model groups compared with the WT control. Conclusion The results suggest that the GM-DZD,SNS and SJZD recipe have positive effects on rat with chronic stress through regulating the level of endogenous NGF.

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of internal radiation of iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Ten patients with unresectable and advanced pancreatic carcinoma admitted from Sept.2002 to June 2004 were treated by the internal and interstitial radiation using iodine-125 seed implantation. Sex:male 6, female 4. Age: median 60.8(45-81) years. Site by pre-operative CT: pancreatic head 4, body 2 and tail 4. Diameter: 6?cm 3. Pathology: all proved to be pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Staging(UICC 1997): stage Ⅲ 3, IV 7. Pain degree: Ⅲ 3,IV 7. Weight loss: median 5?kg(3-10?kg). Results All patients have been followed for 2-13 months, median 6 months. Survival of 12 months was observed in 1 patient,6 months in 3 patients, 3 months in 4 and 1 month in 2, with an average of 4.6 months. Among the 10 patients, complete response was obtained in 2, partial response in 3, no response in 4, and the other showing PD. The response rate (CR+PR) was 50%. The pain relieving rate was 60%. The seed number conformal rate was 100% by X-ray film, yet that of seed spatial distribution was only 30%. Conclusion Intra-operative internal radiation by iodine-125 seed implantation does show some therapeutic effects for advanced pancreatic carcinoma.Yet,the seed spatial distribution by seed computer treatment planning system does needs further consummate.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of CT-guided permanent iodine-125 implantation for malignant tumors.Methods Thirteen lesions in 10 consecutive patients with malignant tumor were treated with CT-guided iodine-125 permanent implantation brachytherapy, of which four cases were primary unresectable carcinoma and six cases were metastases. There were 4 males and (6 females,) the mean age was 56.9 years (range 54 to 62 years). Based on the CT imaging within two weeks before the implantation of the seeds, a computer-based treatment planning system was used to determine the optimal seed distribution. Subsequent CT-guided needle placement and seed implantation were carried out. Post-implant CT scans were performed immediately and five to ten months after the implantation in all cases to assess seed distribution, complication, and curative effect. Results CT-guided iodine-125 permanent implantation was accomplished smoothly in all cases. This technique offered a better seed placement. The number of seeds implanted in one lesion was 1 to 44 (mean 18.6). No acute complications and late toxicity related to the implantation were observed. Pain relief was obtained in all four patients (100%) presenting with pain. Follow-up CT demonstrated that 3 of 13 lesions disappeared completely, eight lesions diminished, and the remaining 2 lesions had no significant change in size. Mean lesion size of pre-implant and post-implant were 3.15 cm and 2.06 cm, respectively (t=5.127, P

Objective To investigate the effects of JNK inhibition on insulin signaling pathway. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with different kinds of JNK inhibitors for 12 h, and then the cells were treated with 10 nmol/L insulin for 5 min to stimulate insulin signaling pathway. Mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPK ) and insulin signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blot using the total cell lysates. Results JNK activity was significantly inhibited by JNK inhibitor JNKi-Ⅷand results showed that JNKi-Ⅷtreatment could reduce insulin signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, other JNK inhibitors including JNKi-Ⅴ, JNKi-Ⅲ, and SP600125 blocked JNK activity in HepG2 cells. Similar to JNKi-Ⅷ, these JNK inhibitors also impaired insulin signaling transduction in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion In HepG2 hepatocytes, JNK activity inhibition blocks insulin signaling transduction.

AIM: To explore the effect of collagen and C-erbB-2 protein on the adhesion and the proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(HepG-2) identified to positive for C-erbB-2 gene was used to study the adhesion and the growth feature by the action of rat tail collagen and C-erbB-2 antibody.RESULTS: The action of rat tail collagen to potentiated the adhesion in HepG-2 cells was significantly but no proliferation effect was observed. C-erbB-2 antibody inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of HepG-2 cells and also abolished the potentiated effect of rat tail collagen on the adhesion in HepG-2 cells.CONCLUSIONS: The signaling transduction mediated by C-erbB-2 protein was correlated to the adhesion and the proliferation of HepG-2. The blockage of C-erbB-2 gene signal transduction may be a strategic target to the treatment of liver cancer in the future.