OBJECTIVE To analyze the prophylactic application of antibiotics during perioperative period in surgical department and provide the scientific basis for management and rational application of antibiotics.METHODS The rational use of antibiotics during perioperative period was evaluated based on antibiotics selection,usage,dosage,the first time of application,treatment course,and the percentage of antibiotic application for cleaning operation.RESULTS All of surgical operations were used antibiotics.As for the first time of application,the use rate of thirty minutes before operation was 4.1%,but nothing used before operation was 73.2%.The treatment period after operation within 3 days was 8.1%.Among all kinds of used antibiotics,the third generation of cephalosporin accounted for 49%,and quinolones for 25%.CONCLUSIONS There are still some problems about prophylactic application of antibiotics during perioperative period in surgical department in our hospital.It is necessary to standardize application of antibiotics during perioperative period.

Objective To perform the epidemiological analysis of the developmental dysplasia hip(DDH) in Shigatse of Tibet in order to explore the correlation between the onset of DDH with some risk factors such as altitude and take targeted intervention measures to reduce the disability rate of DDH.Methods A total of 5900 children aged 0 to 14 year-old from different altitudes in Shigatse of Tibet were surveyed randomly from June 2013 to June 2014.SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation of the onset of DDH with residence altitude,production and living ways,binding method of the lower limbs,delivery situation and genetic factor.Results One hundred and ninety-one DDH cases were screened out,and the average incidence of DDH in Shigatse of Tibet was about 32.4‰,and unilateral was higher than bilateral,fight side(33 cases)∶left side(68 cases) =1.00∶ 2.06.The result of Pearson correlation analysis of the onset of DDH with residence altitude showed that there was significant correlation (r=0.820,P=0.046).The result of Spearman correlation analysis of the onset of DDH with production and living ways showed that there was significant correlation(r=0.530,P =0.048).The result of x2 test analysis of the onset of DDH with binding method of the double lower limbs and breech delivery showed that there was statistical significance (P=0.0017,0.0082).Conclusions The DDH incidence of children living in high altitude areas in Tibet has certain regional characteristics indicating that it has clear correlation with some environmental risk factors such as altitude,methods of the lower limbs binding,production and living ways and breech delivery,especially the bundled package of lower limbs is the main environmental risk factor of DDH.

Objective To explore the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository and provide reference for the develop-ment of nursing repository. Methods In-depth interview was conducted on 21 nursing staff by qualitative research. The themes were formed by category analysis. Results There were four themes about the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository:necessity to develop nursing repository ,contents of the repository ,forms of the repository and prospect of the reposi-tory. Conclusions Nursing staff need a nursing repository. They hope that the repository can provide comprehensive,concrete and practical knowledge,and provide a good interface with digitization. The design of repository should be consistent with in-ternational standards.

An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of three quaternary ammonium compouds ( QACs) in soil samples using ultrasonic extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) . The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the three analytes dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride ( DTAC) , cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide ( CTAB) and didodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride ( DDAC) were conducted by application of EI mass spectra and selected ion monioring ( SIM ) . Characteristic ions of the QACs were m/z 58 ( DTAC and CTAB) and m/z 212 ( DDAC) . To achieve optimum extraction efficiency, several impact factors including types of extractants, pH of extraction, concentration of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates ( LAS) , extraction times and content of purification column were investigated. Methanol with pH 3. 5 and 40 μg/L LAS solution were selected as extractant. Soil sample was extracted by treated methanol each 10 mL for 20 min every time. Extract of the soil sample was purified by neutral alumina column with 4 cm in length and 1cm in diameter, and then was determineted by GC-MS. Good linear relationships of all the three QACs were obtained in the range of 0. 02-2. 0 mg/L. The limits of determination (LOD, S/N=3) was 1. 2-4. 5 μg/kg. The method was used to analyse real soil samples ( paddy soil, lateritic red soil, and ore tailings) collected from a mining district in south China. Results of determination exhibited the concerntrations of the three analytes in real soil samples ranged from 0 . 24 mg/kg to 0. 41 mg/kg, and their recoveries ranged from 76% to 113% with relative standard deviations ( RSD) of 1. 1%-12. 9% in three different spiked concentrations of 0. 2, 0. 5 and 1. 0 mg/kg.

Objective: This paper analyzes the changing trends of lower limb strength and flexibility in colleges in Ningxia for 14 years, and provides a reference for government and school to jointly guide college students to improve their lower limb strength and flexibility. Methods: Data of physical health of 19 to 22 years old college students in Ningxia were collected from 2000-2014. Mean value, standard deviation and index compliance were used to describe the development trend of lower limb strength and flexibility indexes. Results: From 2000 to 2014, the variation trend of lower limb strength of boys and girls in ningxia university was basically the same, and they all decreased first, then increased and then decreased(P<0.05). The variation trend of flexibility of boys and girls was basically the same, rising first and then falling (P<0.05). The mean values of standing long jump and sitting forward bend of boys and girls were higher in rural area than in urban area (P<0.05). There was no age group difference in the mean of standing long jump of girls in 2014, and no age group difference in the mean of standing long jump of boys and girls in other years (P<0.05). Conclusion The lower limb strength and flexibility of boys and girls in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014 showed a declining trend, and effective intervention measures should be taken in time.

Objective: To investigate the visual acuity of primary and middle school students in Ningxia by using decision tree model and logistic regression, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of visual acuity. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling method, 3 257 children aged 7-18 years were randomly selected from Yinchuan and Wuzhong in Ningxia. Visual acuity test and questionnaire survey were conducted. The C 5.0 algorithm in Clementine12.0 and Logistic regression were used to analyze the factors associated with visual acuity. Results: The overall rate of low vision of the middle school of Ningxia was 62.6%, with girls (68.1%) higher than that of boys(56.8%)(P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of low vision among different educational stages(P<0.01), with high school students had the highest detection rate(82.2%). Results of decision tree C 5.0 algorithm showed that educational stage, gender, time to do homework after school and frequency of moderate intensity exercise per week associated with poor eyesight of primary and secondary school students. Logistic regression results showed that girls, the distance between the eyes and the computer display screen <66 cm(OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.00-1.52), and the distance between the eyes and the textbook when reading was less than one foot (OR=2.05, 95%CI=1.23-3.40) were positively associated with poor vision. Low grade students and homework time <2 hours after school (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.62-0.92) were negatively associated with lower risk of poor vision. Conclusion Educational stage, gender and time of homework after school are associated with the visual acuity of primary and secondary school students in Ningxia. It is suggested that prevention of myopia should start from the low-grade students, reducing after-school work for primary and secondary school students, and increasing outdoor activities. All the girls should be encouraged to engage in more outdoor activities, to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia.

Under low temperature conditions, the hapten carboxyl-norketamine was synthesized by reacting norketamine and succinaldehyde acid.Identification result using electrospray ionization mass showed the hap ten was successfully synthesized.The artificial antigen confirmed by infrared spectroscopy was developed by conjugating hapten to carrier proteins with carbodiimide(EDC) method.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ioni zation time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) showed that the ratio of hapten to BSA was 11:1.The antibody with high titer(5.12 × 10~4) was produced after immuning to rabbits.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of loganic acid and isoscoparin in Sanwei longdanhua tablets. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear range were 0.040 08-4.008 0 μg(r＝0.999 9)for loganic acid and 0.021 96-2.196 0 μg(r＝0.999 9)for isoscoparin. The quantitative limits were 0.160 32 and 0.087 8 ng/mL,and detection limits were 0.080 16 and 0.043 92 ng/mL. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2%. The recoveries were 103.07%-104.26%(RSD＝0.52%,n＝6) and 95.57%-99.61%(RSD＝1.55%,n＝6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and suitable for simultaneous determination of loganic acid and isoscoparin in Sanwei longdanhua tablets.

Objective: To understand the vitamin D nutritional status and associated factors of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Yinchuan, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the vitamin D malnutrition status of children and adolescents. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling method, 1 615 children and adolescents from 36 classes in 2 primary schools, junior high schools and high schools were randomly selected from Yinchuan, Ningxia. Venous blood sampling,physical examinations and questionnaires were conducted. Results: The vitamin D deficiency rate and appropriate rate for students were 66.9% and 33.1%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in vitamin D deficiency among different age groups(χ2=25.65, P<0.05). The 6-year-old group had the highest(79.2%), followed by the 13-year-old group (76.6%), and the 12-year-old group (75.3%). The results of binary Logistic regression showed that the factors influencing the vitamin D nutritional status of children and adolescents included age(OR=0.95), daily outdoor exercise time(OR=0.49), exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.63) and mother’s education(OR=0.73, 0.43). The decision tree QUEST and Logistic regression combination model results show that the key factors affecting vitamin D nutrition status include daily outdoor exercise time, age, mother’s education, BMI, and interaction between outdoor exercise time and age, interaction between outdoor exercise time and mother’s education, interaction between age and mother’s education, interaction between exclusive breastfeeding and BMI. Conclusion The detection rate of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Yinchuan is high, factors associated with vitamin D nutritional status includes daily outdoor exercise time, age, mother’s education, BMI, and interaction between outdoor exercise time and age, interaction between outdoor exercise time and mother’s education, interaction between age and mother’s education, interaction between exclusive breastfeeding and BMI.

Objective: To understand secular trend of blood pressure among Han ethnic students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014，and to provide preliminary evidence for hypertension prevention and control. Methods: Data of blood pressure, height, weight of Han students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia were collected in the National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey during 2000-2014 years were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Results: From 2000 to 2014, the systolic pressure of the Han students in Ningxia showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=357.44, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 3.37 mm Hg; diastolic pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=172.95, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 4.18 mm Hg; pulse pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=311.86, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 1.98 mm Hg. The body mass index of the Han nationality students in Ningxia was on the rise(F=128.15, P<0.05). The detection rates of high blood pressure, high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure increased by 1.0, 0.4 and 0.9 percentage. Conclusion Blood pressure in Ningxia Han students aged 7-18 years increases gradually in recent years, which warrants further attention. Health education and health promotion is needed to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.