Aim To explore the mechanism of insulin in combination with selenium preventing myocardial apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats .Methods SD rats ( n =50 ) were randomly divided into five groups: control , diabetic cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) , DCM with insulin treatment , DCM with selenium treat-ment, and DCM with insulin and selenium combination treatment .The cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL . The levels of Bcl-2, caspase-3, PARP, Cbl-b and p38 MAPK were examined by Western blot .The inter-actions of Cbl-b-p38 MAPK and Ku70-Bax were detec-ted by immunoprecipitation .Results Insulin in com-bination with selenium synergistically inhibited apopto-sis, up-regulated Cbl-b, down-regulated p38MAPK ex-pressions and increased the interactions of Cbl-b-p38MAPK and Ku70-Bax.Conclusion Insulin and selenium synergistically inhibit myocardial apoptosis by regulating Cbl-b-inhibited p38 MAPK and preventing Bax translocation .

Objective To observe the control efficacy of community health education on population with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods 56 cases of metabolic syndrome patients treated in the community were selected as the research object from June 2012 to 2013,and were randomly divided into the observation group (30 cases) and the control group (26 cases).The patients in the observation group received systematic community health education,and patients in the control group received regular treatment.The blood pressure,BMI Level,abdominal circumference,FPG level,TC,TG,LDL,HDL,2hPG,and HbAlc level of patients from both groups were compared one year later.Results Compared with the result before treatment,the abdominal circumference,blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid levels of patients in the observation group were all superior to the control group; the reasonableness for food taken was compared one year later,the observation group was also superior to the control group.Statistical significancc cxistcd in the differences between both groups.Conclusions The implementation of community health education has a positive significance in promoting the rehabilitation of people with metabolic syndrome,which is worth being promoted.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protein kinase C (PKC) activity in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and its significance in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the relationship between PKC activity and Th2 cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5) . METHODS Twenty seasona allergic rhinitis patients and 20 normal control persons participated in the study. T lymphocytes isolated and purified from blood of each person were divided into 2 groups:stimulated with and without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) . The total PKC activity was detected by non-radioactive assay. The expression of IL-4 and IL-5 protein in supernatants was measured with ELISA RESULTS PKC activity, the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 protein in supernatants in AR T lymphocyte stimulated with PMA were significantly higher than those of AR T lymphocyte stimulated without PMA and those of norma (P

RhamnusL., a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is mainly used to treat some diseases as a supplementary component in the formula. This paper, reviewed its potential medicinal value in the antibacterial activity, antioxidantactivity, anti-allergic activity and anti-tumor activity.

Objective To establish the reference range of serum human serum insulin levels in our laboratory and investigate measurement stability, Methods The automated Architect i2000 chemiluminescence immunoassay, calibrator and quality control materials were used to measure concentration of serum insulin. Totally 413 cases of healthy adults were enrolled. The physiologic characteristics and the influence of laboratory markers on insulin levels were analyzed. Then the reference range in our laboratory was established. The thermal stability of insulin at different temperatures was investigated. Results Within-run imprecision and between-day imprecision of the automated Architect i2000 insulin assay were 1.67% and 2. 6%, which indicated that this system had good analytical performance. The subjects were classified into 4 groups according to age range ( 10 years). There was no significant difference among four age groups (the median is 5. 6, 5.2, 5.3 and 5. 7 mU/L) (X<'2> = 1. 929,P >0.05). However, the insulin levels were higher in female ( median = 5.7 mU/L) than male ( median = 5.0 mU/L) ( Z = 3.696, P < 0.01 ). The reference range was established based on the 2. 5 and 97.5 percentile values. The reference range of insulin for female was 2. 6-11.8 mU/L and 2. 3-11.6 mU/L for men, which differed from that of other insulin assay. Insulin had a positive correlation with BMI (r =0. 115 ,P =0. 019) and triglyeeride (r =0.143 ,P = 0. 004), and a negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (r = -0.179, P = 0.000). Insulin was stable at 25 ℃ for at least 4 hours or 4 ℃ for 24 hours or could be extended to at least 7 days when stored at -20 ℃. Conclusion Gender is an important physiologic characteristic which has an impact on human serum insuhn level. Insulin reference range should be established according to gender. Insulin immunoreactivity was not very stable at different temperatures.

AIM:To investigate the effect of insulin and selenium in combination on the apoptosis and the ex-pression of Ku70, acetylated Ku70, Bax and cytochrome C in myocardial cells of the rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and to explore the mechanism of insulin and selenium in their synergistic anti-DCM effect.METHODS:SD rats (n=50) were randomly grouped into control, DCM, DCM with insulin treatment (DCM+In) group, DCM with selenium treatment (DCM+Se) group, and DCM with insulin and selenium combination treatment (DCM+In+Se) group.Mito-chondrial membrane potential ( MMP) was measured by flow cytometry .The cell apoptosis was observed by terminal-deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL).The levels of Ku70, Bax and cytochrome C were examined by Western blot .The acetylation status of Ku 70 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation .RESULTS: The rats in DCM group showed marked cell apoptosis compared with the control rats .The levels of Ku70 and acetylated Ku70 declined sig-nificantly compared with control group .Bax significantly translocated from cytoplasm into mitochondria and cytochrome C translocated from mitochondria into cytoplasm compared with control group .Compared with DCM +In group or DCM +Se group, insulin and selenium in combination significantly inhibited the apoptosis , down-regulated Ku70 and acetylated Ku70 levels, and prevented Bax and cytochrome C translocation .CONCLUSION: Insulin and selenium synergistically inhibits myocardial apoptosis by regulating Ku 70 acetylation and inhibiting Bax translocation .

This paper introduces the comparative approach including its implication,implementing ways and values in efferent nervous pharmacological teaching from characteristics of efferent nervous pharmacology.It can be concluded that comparative approach is the suitable teaching method in the teaching of efferent nervous pharmacology.

AIM:The different factors on stability of salvianolic acid B in Danshen freeze-dried powder injection was investigated to provide the experimental data for clinical application and storage of the preparation. METHODS: The stability of salvianolic acid B for lamplight,temperature,sodium chloride injection and glucose injection in Danshen freeze-dried powder injection were studied and the content of salvianolic acid B was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The content of salvianolic acid B in Danshen freeze-dried powder injection didn't almost change under the condition of lamplight(3000lx) in 60 d.Its expiry date estimated by Q_(10) method was(2.39) a.The preparation was matched respectively with(0.9%) sodium chloride injection and 5% glucose injection,the content of salvianolic acid B was invariable and insoluble particles were qualified under the condition of 25 and 37 ℃ in 24 h. CONCLUSION: Danshen freeze-dried powder injection is stable for lamplight and clinical injection and the expiry data of the preparation is(2.39) a.

Objective To establish the vein bypass assisted porcine liver auto transplantation model and study the methods of liver cold storage during the operation , in order to provide experience for the clini-cal application of liver auto transplantation and experimental evidence for liver machine perfusion .Methods A total of 5 pigs were operated to establish the portal-vein bypass by inserting cannula into vena jugularis in-terna, femoral vein and splenic vein , with liver being hypothermic perfused and stored in situ by 4℃ UW solution through hepatic artery and portal vein .Vital signs and clinical outcomes were monitored during the operation, and the changes of liver function indexes such as aminotransferase , total bilirubin and albumin were detected at different time points .Results During the operation , the vital signs kept steady and liver were perfused well , achieving fully blood supply after reperfusion .All animals survived over 120 h.Both al-anine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase peaked at 24 h after blood reperfusion (69.8 ±16.2 U/L and 457.7 ±50.1 U/L), and then dropped within normal range at 96 ho after reperfusion.Total bilirubin peaked at 48 h after blood reperfusion (7.1 ±3.3μmol/L), and then decreased rapidly .The plasma albu-min kept falling after blood reperfusion , reaching the minimum of 11.1 ±2.7 g/L at 4 h after reperfusion, and then rose to normal level steadily at 16 h.Conclusions The vein bypass assisted liver auto transplanta-tion could guarantee the steady vital signs and survival rate , which may supply an experimental basis for de-veloping new efficient liver preservation and restoration methods .

Objective To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of recurrent communityacquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly patients.Methods Clinical data of elderly CAP patients admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen university from January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,including 48 cases of recurrent CAP and 299 cases of non-recurrent CAP.The clinical features were compared between two groups,and the risk factors of recurrent CAP were assessed with logistic regression analysis.Results No significant differences were observed between the two groups in age,sex,smoking,drinking,average hospital stays and total hospitalization expenses (all P ＞ 0.05).In the recurrent pneumonia group,the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases [54.2％ (26/48) vs.35.5％ (106/299),χ2 =6.146,P=0.013],diabetes [41.7％ (20/48) vs.19.7％ (59/299),χ2 =11.317,P=0.001],the clinical symptoms include cough [79.2％ (38/48) vs.58.5％ (175/299),χ2 =7.432,P =0.006],sputum [70.8％ (34/48) vs.54.5％ (163/299),χ2 =4.488,P =0.034],fever [64.4％ (31/48) vs.40.8％(122/299),χ2 =9.488,P =0.002],poor appetite [52.1％ (25/48) vs.33.1％ (99/299),χ2 =6.483,P =0.011],choking cough [8.3％ (4/48) vs.2.7％ (8/299),χ2 =3.966,P =0.046],poor spirit [45.8％ (22/48) vs.28.4％ (85/299),χ2 =5.875,P =0.015],bilateral lung lesions [41.7％ (20/48)vs.28.8％ (68/299),χ2 =7.825,P =0.005],the complication of respiratory failure [31.3 ％ (15/48) vs.14.7％ (44/299),χ2 =8.012,P =0.005] were higher than those in non-recurrent group.Logistic regression revealed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR =2.607,95％ CI:1.268-5.358,P =0.009),diabetes (OR =2.948,95％ CI:1.457-5.966,P =0.003) and the history of respiratory failure (0R=2.778,95％CI:1.264-6.108,P=0.011) were risk factors of recurrent CAP.Conclusions Elderly patients with recurrent CAP has a higher rate of cough,sputum and fever,and the scope of lung lesions is broader.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,diabetes and the history of respiratory failure are the independent risk factors for recurrent CAP in the elderly.