ObjectiveTo establish an adjusted Serfling regression model to estimate the excess cases and the excess epidemic period of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Beijing from 2011 to 2019, so as to provide data support and decision-making basis for HFMD prevention and control. MethodsThe weekly number of HFMD cases in Beijing from 2011 to 2019 was utilized for adjusted the Serfling regression model. Then the adjusted model was used to fit the baseline and epidemic threshold of HFMD in Beijing from 2011 to 2019, calculating the excess cases and determining the excess epidemic period. ResultsA total of 279 306 cases of HFMD were reported in Beijing from 2011 to 2019, with the climax of the disease occurring in summer and autumn. After adjusting the fitting R² of the Serfling regression model to 0.773, a total of 10 excess epidemic periods totaling 92 weeks were estimated, mainly occurring in summer. The highest number of excess cases during an excess epidemic period was found in 2014 (1 272 cases, 95%CI: 990‒1 554), accounting for 65.04% of the actual cases (95%CI: 50.62%‒79.46%). ConclusionThe adjusted Serfling regression model fits well and can be utilized for early warning of HFMD and estimating the disease burden caused by HFMD.

Objective: To understand classroom environmental conditions and their association with spinal curvature abnormalities among students of primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating school health policies and scientific prevention and control measures for abnormal spinal curvature in students. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling method, 471 schools (2 811 classrooms) were selected annually across the province from 2022 to 2024 in order to monitor and evaluate classroom environment according to national standards. Spinal examinations were conducted for 196 606 (2022), 194 876 (2023), and 195 048 (2024) students, and χ 2 test was used to analyze the correlation of desk and chair compliance with student spinal curvature abnormalities. Results: The qualified rates of classroom blackboard illuminance uniformity ( 85.41 %) and the blackboard size (82.24%) were the highest in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, while the average blackboard surface illumination qualified rate (20.10%) was the lowest. The average desk illumination (50.11%-58.63%), desk illumination uniformity (61.92%-72.27%) and qualified noise rate (50.04%-51.94%) increased significantly in 3 years; in addition, the compliance rate of desks and chairs decreased from 25.00% to 13.52%, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ 2=42.48, 80.93, 46.09, 129.72, all P <0.05). Middle school classrooms outperformed primary schools in terms of per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, blackboard illuminance uniformity, average desktop illuminance, desktop illuminance uniformity, and noise compliance ( χ 2=311.55, 12.41, 20.64, 40.76, 10.25, 52.47), but had lower compliance for blackboard size and reflectance ( χ 2=537.29, 7.59) (all P <0.01). Urban schools had higher compliance than suburban schools for per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, average desktop illuminance, and desktop illuminance uniformity ( χ 2=73.71, 17.68, 29.30 , 36.03), but lower compliance for desk-chair suitability, blackboard size, and blackboard reflectance ( χ 2=4.72, 26.02, 5.43 ) (all P <0.05). The spinal curvature abnormality detection rate was 0.83%. A significant association was found between abnormality detection and desk-chair non compliance ( χ 2=223.85, P <0.01). Conclusions Classroom environment hygiene in Guizhou schools is suboptimal. Strengthening school environmental hygiene infrastructure and greater attention to its impact on student s health are essential.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of abnormalities spinal curvature among children and adolescents in Karst landform in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted comprehensive intervention. Methods: From September to December 2023, 194 875 children and adolescents aged 6-18 were selected from all countieldistricts of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province by stratified random cluster sampling method according to the proportion of Karst landform area in Guizhou Province for carrying out spinal curvature abnormality screening, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 139 449 students in the fourth grade and above of primary school. Binary Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province was 1.13%. The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in areas with a high proportion of Karst landform, areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas, and nonKarst landform areas were 1.10%, 2.00%, 0.90%, and 0.60%, respectively. Among them, the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in female students (2.40%, 1.60%, 0.90%) in areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas and nonKarst landform were higher than those in male students (1.60%, 0.10%, 0.30) (χ2=12.66, 112.69, 30.22, all P<0.05). The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature among senior high school students (2.00%, 4.30%, 1.40%, 1.30%) in different Karst landform distributions were successively higher than those among junior high school students (1.40%, 3.20%, 1.00%, 0.60%) and primary school students (0.70%, 0.80%, 0.60%, 0.30%) (χ2=306.11, 175.80, 14.24, 39.57, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in both highproportion and lowproportion Karst landform areas were higher than those in nonKarst landform areas [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.05-2.25), 1.60(1.23-2.09), both P<0.05]. Conclusion The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province is related to the distribution of Karst landform, so it is necessary to strengthen screening and appropriate comprehensive interventions.

Objective: To compare the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise prescription based on machine vision and routine on HIIT the physical and mental health of female college students with simple obesity, so as to provide a basis for the development of weight loss intervention plans for this population. Methods: From August 2023 to February 2024, 115 female college students with simple obesity, selected from Lianyungang Vocational and Technical College and East China Normal University, were randomly divided into a control group ( n =57) and an observation group ( n =58) according to a random number table. The control group received routine HIIT, while the observation group received machine vision based on HIIT exercise prescription (including image acquisition module, image processing module, database management module, backend computer processing and feedback, intelligent evaluation module, which could be customized according to the subjects preferences, providing exercise prescription based on the selected training program and supervised its standardized completion of the training plan). Both were intervened for 12 weeks, 30 minutes each time, once every 2 days, and rest every Sunday. The t-test was used to compare body shape, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiopulmonary function indicators, anxiety and depression states between two groups before and after intervention. Results: Before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in physical and mental health status indicators between two groups of female college students ( t =0.13-0.86, all P >0.05). After intervention, body mass indexes, waist hip ratios, body fat percentage, fasting plasma glucose, 2hour postprandial plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), anxiety and depression scores were all reduced in both groups ( t-observation =-6.94 to -12.92, t-control =-2.71 to -10.95 ), of which the observation group [(23.46±2.18)kg/m 2, 0.70±0.06, (28.03±3.16)%, (4.55±0.67)mmol/L, (6.03±0.74)mmol/L, (5.10±0.70)%, (1.63±0.31)mmol/L, (4.24±0.58)mmol/L, (2.45±0.43)mmol/L, 35.28±4.76, and 33.03±4.03] were lower compared with the control group [(26.54±2.32)kg/m 2, 0.77±0.06, (30.74±4.38)%, (5.03±0.76)mmol/L, (6.62±0.82)mmol/L, (5.82±0.73)%, (1.98±0.35)mmol/L, (4.95±0.61)mmol/L, (2.88±0.47)mmol/L, 39.18±5.04, and 37.25±4.16] ( t =-7.34, -6.26 , -3.81, -3.59, -4.05, -5.40, -5.68, -6.40, -5.12, -4.27, -5.53)(all P <0.05). After intervention, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, maximum oxygen consumption, volume of tidal, and vital capacity increased in both groups ( t-observation =7.43-18.23, t-control =3.89-10.13), of which the observation group [(1.49±0.22)mmol/L, ( 72.35± 4.69)mL, (68.95±5.10)%, (36.97±3.22)mL/(kg ·( min), (25.29±4.11)mL/(kg · ( min), and (3 374.26±169.54)mL] were higher compared with the control group [(1.23±0.20)mmol/L, (67.32±4.06)mL, (64.83±5.05)%, (33.24±3.14)mL/(kg · ( min), (23.01± 3.58 )mL/(kg · ( min), and (3 197.50±125.81)mL] ( t =6.63, 6.15, 4.35, 6.29, 3.17, 6.34)(all P <0.05). Conclusion HIIT exercise prescription based on machine vision has better effects than routine HIIT on impoving the body shape, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiopulmonary function of female college students with simple obesity, and also their mental health.

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have indicated that Angong Niuhuang Pills (ANP) reduce cerebral infarct and edema volumes. This study aimed to investigate whether ANP safely reduces cerebral infarct and edema volumes in patients with moderate to severe acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial included patients with acute ischemic stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ranging from 10 to 20 in 17 centers in China between April 2021 and July 2022. Patients were allocated within 36 h after onset via block randomization to receive ANP or placebo (3 g/day for 5 days). The primary outcomes were changes in cerebral infarct and edema volumes after 14 days of treatment. The primary safety outcome was severe adverse events (SAEs) for 90 days. RESULTS: There were 57 and 60 patients finally included in the ANP and placebo groups, respectively for modified intention-to-treat analysis. The median age was 66.0 years, and the median NIHSS score at baseline was 12.0. The changes in cerebral infarct volume at day 14 were 0.3 mL and 0.4 mL in the ANP and placebo groups, respectively (median difference: -7.1 mL; interquartile range [IQR]: -18.3 to 2.3 mL, P = 0.30). The changes in cerebral edema volume of the ANP and placebo groups on day 14 were 11.4 mL and 4.0 mL, respectively ( median difference: 3.0 mL, IQR: -1.3 to 9.9 mL, P = 0.15). The rates of SAE within 90 days were similar in the ANP (3/57, 5%) and placebo (7/60, 12%) groups ( P = 0.36). Changes in serum mercury and arsenic concentrations were comparable. In patients with large artery atherosclerosis, ANP reduced the cerebral infarct volume at 14 days (median difference: -12.3 mL; IQR: -27.7 to -0.3 mL, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: ANP showed a similar safety profile to placebo and non-significant tendency to reduce cerebral infarct volume in patients with moderate-to-severe stroke. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of ANP in reducing cerebral infarcts and improving clinical prognosis. TRAIL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , No. NCT04475328.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy* ; Pilot Projects ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

Nipah virus (NiV) and related viruses form a distinct henipavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae family. NiV continues to spillover into the humans causing deadly outbreaks with increasing human-bat interaction. NiV encodes the large protein (L) and phosphoprotein (P) to form the viral RNA polymerase machinery. Their sequences show limited homologies to those of non-henipavirus paramyxoviruses. We report two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the Nipah virus (NiV) polymerase L-P complex, expressed and purified in either its full-length or truncated form. The structures resolve the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and polyribonucleotidyl transferase (PRNTase) domains of the L protein, as well as a tetrameric P protein bundle bound to the L-RdRp domain. L-protein C-terminal regions are unresolved, indicating flexibility. Two PRNTase domain zinc-binding sites, conserved in most Mononegavirales, are confirmed essential for NiV polymerase activity. The structures further reveal anchoring of the P protein bundle and P protein X domain (XD) linkers on L, via an interaction pattern distinct among Paramyxoviridae. These interactions facilitate binding of a P protein XD linker in the nucleotide entry channel and distinct positioning of other XD linkers. We show that the disruption of the L-P interactions reduces NiV polymerase activity. The reported structures should facilitate rational antiviral-drug discovery and provide a guide for the functional study of NiV polymerase.
Nipah Virus/chemistry* ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Viral Proteins/genetics* ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics* ; Phosphoproteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormal deposition of lipid in hepatocytes. If not intervened in time, NAFLD may develop into liver fibrosis or liver cancer, and ultimately threatening life. NAFLD has complicated etiology and pathogenesis, and there are no effective therapeutic means and specific drugs. Currently, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering agents and hepatoprotective agents are often used for clinical intervention, but these drugs have obvious side effects, and their effectiveness and safety need to be further confirmed. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Activated AMPK can enhance lipid degradation, alleviate insulin resistance (IR), suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate autophagy, thereby alleviating NAFLD. Natural herbal medicines have received extensive attention recently because of their regulatory effects on AMPK and low side effects. In this article, we reviewed the biologically active natural herbal medicines (such as natural herbal medicine formulas, extracts, polysaccharides, and monomers) that reported in recent years to treat NAFLD via regulating AMPK, which can serve as a foundation for subsequent development of candidate drugs for NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the immediate therapeutic efficacy of Kuanxiong Aerosol on improving the angina pectoris in the patients complicated with intermediate coronary stenosis(ICS),and to observe its effect on resting full-cycle ratio(RFR),corrected TIMI(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction)frame count(CTFC)in angiography,and coronary serum inflammatory factors.Methods Sixty angina pectoris patients with ICS admitted to the Cardiovascular Department of Dade Road Hospital,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into the trial group and the control group,with 30 patients in each group.The trial group was given four consecutive sprays of Kuanxiong Aerosol by sublingual spray,and the control group had no intervention but just was given the monitoring for 10 minutes.Before and after the intervention,the changes of coronary RFR,CTFC,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score of chest pain,and the serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin 6(IL-6)and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)in the two groups were observed.Moreover,the incidence of adverse reactions during the intervention in the two groups of patients was compared.Results(1)After the intervention,the coronary RFR value of the trial group was increased significantly compared with that before intervention(P<0.01),while the coronary RFR value of the control group was not increased significantly compared with that before intervention(P>0.05);the comparison between the two groups showed that the effect on increasing the coronary RFR value in the trial group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).(2)After intervention,the CTFC value of the trial group was significantly decreased compared with that before intervention(P<0.01),while the CTFC value of the control group was not significantly decreased compared with that before intervention(P>0.05);the intergroup comparison showed that the trial group tended to have a better effect on the decrease of CTFC value than the control group,but the difference being not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)After the intervention,the chest pain VAS score of the trial group was significantly reduced compared with that before intervention(P<0.01),while the pre-and post-treatment changes of the score in the control group was not significant(P>0.05);the intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of the chest pain VAS score in the trial group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).In particular for immediate therapeutic efficacy,Kuanxiong Aerosol achieved the effective rate of 96.67%(29/30)for relieving chest pain 10 minutes after sublingual spraying,which was significantly superior to that of the control group[10.00%(3/30)],and the comparison between the two groups showed that the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).(4)After the intervention,the Lp-LPA2 value of the trial group was decreased compared with that before intervention(P<0.05),while the CRP and IL-6 values of the trial group as well as the CRP,IL-6,and Lp-LPA2 values of the control group were all not significantly decreased compared with those before intervention(P>0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the trial group's effect on the decrease of Lp-LPA2 value was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(5)Before and after the intervention,no obvious changes of the general vital signs in the two groups were shown,no drug-related adverse occurred,either.Conclusion Kuanxiong Aerosol can immediately improve the coronary physiological function indicators of angina pectoris patients with ICS,increase the coronary flow rate,and inhibit inflammatory response of the coronary artery to some degree,thus to alleviate the symptoms of angina pectoris in patients with ICS.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D],immune cell subsets,and helper T cell(Th)1 and Th2 in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods A total of 307 URSA patients were enrolled as URSA group,which was further divided into non-maintenance of pregnancy group(n=127)and ma-intenance of pregnancy group(n=180)based on pregnancy maintenance status.Another 307 healthy pregnant women in the same period were selected as control group.The levels of 25(OH)D,immune cell subsets,and Th1/Th2 expression were compared among these groups.Pearson correlation analy-sis was used to explore the correlations of 25(OH)D and immune cell subsets with Th1/Th2 expres-sion in URSA patients.Results Compared with the control group,the URSA group had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D and interleukin-10(IL-10),and higher levels of CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD16+CD56+,CD19+,interleukin-2(IL-2),and tumor necrosis fac-tor-α(TNF-α)(P＜0.001).Compared with the maintenance of pregnancy group,the non-maintenance of pregnancy group had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D and IL-10,and higher levels of CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD16+CD56+,CD19+,IL-2,and TNF-α(P＜0.001).Pearson analysis revealed that 25(OH)D in URSA patients was significantly negatively correlated with IL-2 and TNF-α(P＜0.05),while positively correlated with IL-10(P＜0.05).Immune cell sub-sets,including CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD16+CD56+,and CD19+were significantly positively correlated with IL-2 and TNF-α(P＜0.05),while negatively correlated with IL-10 in URSA patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are abnormalities in 25(OH)D,im-mune cell subsets,and Th1/Th2 cytokine expression in URSA patients,and these expressions differ in URSA patients with different pregnancy outcomes.The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of LINC02009 and LOC107984895 in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 75 hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation(50 with persistent atrial fibrillation and 25 with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation)from Kunming First People's Hospital between January 2023 and December 2023 were selected as study subjects,along with 50 normal control patients.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of LINC02009 and LOC107984895 in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation.Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between expression levels and risk factors for atrial fibrillation,and ROC curves were used to predict the diagnostic cut-off values for LINC02009 and LOC107984895 in diagnosing atrial fibrillation.Results There were statistically significant differences in baseline diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease,biochemical indicators such as Cr and BNP,and myocardial remodeling indicators such as LAd and LVEF between the AF(paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and persistent atrial fibrillation)group and the Normal group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of LINC02009 and LOC 107984895 in the plasma of the atrial fibrillation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05)and were negatively correlated with LVEF(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of LINC02009 and LOC 107984895 in predicting atrial fibrillation were 0.967(95％CI:0.938～0.995)and 0.900(95％CI:0.838～0.963),respectively.The optimal cut-off values were 1.985 and 0.915,with sensitivities of 88％and 76％,respectively,and specificities of 94％and 90％,respectively.Conclusion LINC02009 and LOC 107984895 are independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation and have certain predictive value for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.