Differentiated cells can be induced into pluripotent stem cell by reprogramming with defined fators. The new method of stem cell technology marks a major breathrough. This paper reviews the establishment, identification and research progress about induction of pluripotent stem cell.

Objective To observe the effect of diliazem on cerebral oxygen metabolism during the period of blood pressure lowering in hypertensive urgencies.Methods 30 patients of hypertensive urgencies were randomized into two groups with 15 cases each.Group Ⅰ was administered with nitroglycerin.Group Ⅱ was administered with diliazem.Nitroglycerin was injected from 2.5?g/(kg?min).Group Ⅱ were received intravenous injection of diltiazem 5~10 mg,and then were continuously infusion by 5~15?g/kg/min with mictosyringe.Blood gas analysis was carried out by taking blood samples from right internal jugular vein bulb and radial artery,and D(a-jv)O2 and CEO2 were calculated before,during and after induced blood pressure lowering 0.5,1,2,3 hours.Results Compared with those in group Ⅰ,SjvO2 increased significantly in group Ⅱ(P0.05).Conclusion Diltiazem can decrease cerebral metabolism,improve oxygenation and play a role in cerebral protection in hypertensive urgencies.

Objective To observe the effect of Zhixuebao particles combined with Marvelon in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent.Methods69 cases from October 2013 to March 2015 were randomly divided into observation group with 34 cases and control group with 35 patients.The control group was treated with Marvelon and observation group was another treated with Zhixuebao particles.Related indicators of two groups were compared.ResultsEndometrial thickness, menstrual volume and menstrual period of observation group were lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The bleeding time, stop bleeding time of observation group were shorter than that of control group (P<0.05).After treatment,hormone LH, FSH, P levels of observation group were lower than that of control group(P<0.05);Total effective rate of bservation group was 94.12%, higher than control group 74.29%(P<0.05).ConclusionZhixuebao particles combined with Marvelon is effective in treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent, can improve hormone levels and it is worthy of further research and application.

Objective By collecting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) periodontal parameters,analyzing the general information and clinical indicators to understand the relationship between RA and periodontitis.Methods From December 2014 to May 2016,132 cases of RA,50 cases of the periodontitis group were enrolled.Their periodontal parameters,general data and clinical indicators were analyzed and the measurement data were compared with t test.Counting data was compared by Chi square or Fisher's exact test for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence rate of periodontal disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was high (73％).When the RA complicated with periodontitis group and RA without periodontitis group were compared,the C-reactive protein (CRP) [(43±33) mg/L,(30±27) mg/L,t=2.213,P＜0.05],erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [(50±30) mm/1 h,(38±25) mm/1 h,t=2.263,P＜0.05],rheumatoid factor (RF) [(319±368) U/ml,(174±228) U/ml,t=2.783,P＜0.05],anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) [(511 ±700) AU/ml,(262±429)AU/ml,t=2.535,P＜0.05],the positive rate of anti-CCP [80 (83％),17 (47％),x2=17.522,P＜0.001],health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) (2.5±0.8),(2.2±0.8),t=2.011,P＜0.05) of the RA complicated periodontitis group was statistically significantly different,but disease activity score (DAS)28 (5.5±0.7,5.3±0.7,t=1.970,P＞0.05) was not statistically significantly different.The anti-CCP positive group and anti-CCP negative group were compared in the number of patients with missing teeth [22 (23％),15 (43％),x2=5.19,P＜0.05],missing teeth number (3.5±1.5,2.5±1.4,t=2.004,P＞0.05),probingdepth (PD) (5.3±1.4) mm,(5.0±1.4) mm,t=1.094,P＞0.05),clinicalattachmentLevel (CAL) (5.2±1.4) mm,(4.9±1.5) mm,t=0.946,P＞0.05),bleedingon-probing (BOP) [17 (18％),7 (20％),x2=0.106,P＞0.05) was not statistically significant.Periodontitis with RA group and periodontitis group were compared with the number of patients with missing teeth [21(42％),5(10％),x2=4.11,P＜0.05],number of missing teeth (1.10±0.29,1.20±0.40,t=0.638,P＞0.05),PD [(4.3±1.7) mm,(3.2±1.4) mm,t=4.902,P＜0.05],CAL [(3.9±2.0) mm,(3.4±1.7) mm,t=2.18,P＜0.05],BOP [18(36％),9(18％),x2=13.306,P＜0.05] and CRP [(30±26) mg/L,(20±16) mg/L,t=3.820,P＜0.05],ESR [(45±21) mm/1 h,(32±18) mm/1 h,t=3.047,P＜0.05],was statistically significantly different.Conclusion The incidence of periodontitis in patients with RA is high;periodontitis may have a certain promoting effect on RA,and RA may also have some promoting effects on periodontitis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between vaginal and intestinal Candida in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis by using microbiological and molecular methods. Methods The samples of vaginal discharge and anal swabs were collected from 148 cases with vulvovaginal candidiasis,followed by fungal culture, identification, purification and genome DNA extraction. The genome sequences from respective locations were aligned and typed according to their homology analyzed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR. Patients with vulvovaginal infection or those with infections in intestine and vulvovagina were pooled respectively, while the recurrent incidences after local anti-fungal treatments were analyzed. Results Candida albicans is the dominant pathogen in 148 cases with vulvovaginal candidiasis (91.9% , 136/148) ; 33. 1% (49/148) of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were infected in both intestine and vulvovagina. While 92% (22/24) of patients with intestinal and vaginal Candida infection showed high homology. The recurrent rate of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis complicated with concurrent intestinal Candida infection (7/14) was significantly higher than that of solo vaginal infected patients [21% (6/29)] after vaginal treatment (P < 0. 05) . Conclusions The infection of vulvovaginal candidiasis is highly associated with the concurrent infection of intestinal Candida. The recurrent rate is high in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis with concurrent infection of intestinal Candida after vaginal treatment. The general management to those patients infected by both vulvovaginal and intestinal Candida is necessary in reducing the recurrence of the disease.

Objective To discuss the influence of the smooth of bile duct examined by choledochoscope during the coInnlon bile duct exploration on the biliary tract theology.Methods Forty patients who were to undergo common bile duct exploration were divided into the control group and the test group with 20 eases in each group.The smooth of the distal common bile duct was examined by choledochoscope in the test group while by routine method in the control group.The T tube drainage volume for 24 h,the pressure,flow volume and resistance of common bile duct and amylase content of drainage were monitored in the two groups within 72 h.Results The T tube drainage volume of the second day increased.the pressure and the resistance of the common bile duct decreased,the flow volunle and amylase content of drainage reduced in the control group,which had statistical difference from those of the test group(P＜0.05).Condusion Avoidance of damaging examination of the distal common bile duct,monitoring of the pressure;flow volume and resistance of the common bile duct within 72 h after operation contributed to the confirmation of the time for clamping T tube early.

Objective To evaluate a serf-designed diagnostic protoeol which can early detect a femoral neck fracture for patients with a femoral shaft fracture. Methods From September 2005 to June 2007, a self-developed protocol was used to detect an ipsilateral femoral neck fracture for all the patients with femoral shaft fracture who had sought treatment in our department. This protocol consisted of anteroposterior plain radiography of internal rotator, intraoperative fluoroscopy of the hip, a fine (2 mm) cut computed to-mographic scan through the femoral neck, postoperative anteroposterior and lateral plain radiography of the hip in the operating room prior to awakening the patient, at the time of follow-up anteroposterior and lateral plain radiography of the hip in the presence of hip pain. The diagnostic effects of the protocol were compared with those of conventional diagnosis used for all the patients with femoral shaft fracture who had sought treatment in our department from September 2003 to August 2005. A chi-square analysis comparing the protocol group (September 2005 to June 2007) and the non-protocol group (September 2003 to August 2005) was used to assess the early and delayed diagnosis rates for an associated ipsilateral femoral neck fracture. Results The earlydiagnosis rate of an associated femoral neck fracture by the protocol was 93.8%, markedly higher than that by conventional method (46.2%), with statistically significant difference (χ2 = 4.069, P =0.044). Conclu-sion In presence of a femoral shaft fracture. this protocol consisting of plain radiography of intemal rotator, intraoperative fluoroscopy of the hip, fine cut computed tomographic scan of the femoral neck, postoperative plain radiography of the hip, and follow-up plain radiography of the hip in the presence of hip pain, may sig-nificantly improve the diagnostic rate of an associated femoral neck fracture.

Objective To observe conditioned enhancement of antibody production against influenza vaccine. Methods 36 female BALB/c mice were injected with 3 μg/mouse influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS),and camphor odor was served as the conditioned stimulus (CS). After a CS/UCS pairing was made,animals were re-exposed to the CS at Weeks 6. Results Through one conditioned stimulus,the optical density of anti-HA antibody of the conditioned group (Weeks 9:0.68±0.06; Weeks 10:0.60±0.06)was significantly increased compared with the unconditioned group (Weeks 9:0.53±0.06; Weeks 10:0.48±0.04) ( P <0.01). The level of anti-HA antibody of the conditioned group was also significantly greater than other controlled groups( P <0.05). Conclusion Through a single exposure to camphor odor which was paired with immunization of influenza virus HA in a single trial learning protocol,a significant conditioned anti-HA IgG production occurred.

Objective To evaluate the pain control, general condition and well-being of the patients with advanced cancer treated with transdermal fentanyl as well as the effects of transdermal fentanyl on heart rate variability (HRV) and endocrine function. Methods This open prospective study included 40 patients with advanced cancer. The direct conversion ratio from oral morphine to transdermal fentanyl system (TFS) was 100:1 daily. In patients who had never received any opioid before the initial dose of TFS was 25?g/h. The transdermal system was changed every 72h and the dosage was adjusted to the need of the patients according to the VAS scores and the requirement of morphine. 8 hospitalized patients were monitored by 24h Holter for changes in HRV. Blood samples were taken before transdermal fentanyl patch when pain was severe and 24h after TFS for determination of ACTH,?-endorphin, growth hormone(GH) and insulin levels.Results Pain relief during treatment with transdermal fentanyl was significant accoring to VAS scores. Well-being scores showed that patients' quality of life including appetite, sleep, mental state and daily activities was significantly improved after two weeks treatment. The ratio of LF vs HF, which is one of HRV frequency indices, was obviously reduced at 24h after transdermal fentanyl patch as compared with that before TFS (P

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC)extracted from the croton oil, it is one of the most powerful inducers of differentiation as well as a powerful tumor promoter. It is used by the study of induction and differentiation generally, because of it can induce the differentiation of tumor cell and promote the lymphocyte transformation and secrete of lymphokine, meanwhile,it is able to induce many kinds of cell of leukemic cell strain like HL-60, HEL and so on, Some literature reported that TPA had the function of differentiation of primary leukemic cell. The article mainly explains the induction and differentiation of leukemic cell by phorbol ester as well as its mechanisms, which to provide the theory evidence for prevention and cure of leukemia.