Objective To study the association of SNP of the AdipoR1 gene with T2DM in Xi’an population. Methods The amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS) analysis and gene sequencing were used to investigate the AdipoR1 gene polymorphism in 100 type 2 diabetics and 84 normal control subjects. Results (1) The genotype and allele frequencies of -106A/G, 5843A/G were not significantly different between type 2 diabetics and normal control subjects. (2) The diagnosis age of diabetics was significantly younger in AdipoR1 5843GG genotype group than in other genotype groups. Conclusions The data implicate that the AdipoR1 gene -106A/G and 5843A/G polymorphism may be not associated with pathogenesis of T2DM. AdipoR1 5843 GG genotype may be associated with the earlier diagnosis of T2DM

Hepatic carcinomas were induced with the administration of diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN) in rats. The morphological changes of the liver tissues in the course of carcinogenesis could be divided into 3 successive stages: the nonspecific changes reacting to the drug toxicity, non-cancerous hyperplastic nodules of hepatocytes and ductular cystadenomatous lesions,and the lesions of genuine malignancy including hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.The ultrastructural alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma showed a complicate picture and were related to the differentiation of the tumor cells. In one case of cholangiocarcinoma, numerous cytoplasmic dense-core granules similar to the neurosecretary granules seen in apudoma were found in some of the tumor cells, which is postulated to be a special type of cholangiocarcinoma. On the basis of the results, Ihe histogenesis of the neoplasms after DEN administration is considered to originate from hyperplastic nodules of hepatic cells and ductular hyperplasia.

Objective To explore more safe and effective method for the treatment of common bile duct stones combined with cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV).Methods We report 2 cases of post-treated patients in this series.In order to avoid severe bleeding caused by dissection of bile duct,we applied different methods to remove common bile duct stones compared with traditional operation.We removed common bile duct stones in one patient through cystic duct approach during operation.Two years later,we performed endoscopic duodenal incision (endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST) for him because of lower common bile duct stenosis with sand like stone.Another patient,on the other hand,we conducted the duodenal papilla incision during operation and removed common bile duct stones with choledochoscope through the bottom of common bile duct.Result Of the two patients,all of the three kinds of operation had good curative effects.Conclusions For the patients with common bile duct stones combined with CTPV,we should select appropriate treatments to avoid dissection of bile duct in front of the dilated and tortuous collateral veins during the operation,which is the key to guarantee the safety and success of the operation.EST is the preferred method of the treatment.Open operation with choledochoscopy via cystic duct approach or duodenal papilla incision through distal common bile duct to perform stone extraction also appears to be effective and safe.

[Objective]To evaluate the application value of minimally invasive release operation about congenital vertical talus(CVT).[Method]All operation were operated with single method by author.Firstly,Achilles tendon,capsulotomy of the ankle and subtalar joint were released through a small straight posterior inside of Achilles tendon end point.Secondly,astragaloscaphoid and subtalar front joint were released bluntly through a straight posterior incision.Thirdly,based on circs subtalar joint were released through calcaneocuboid articulation outside foot.Then one K-wire were passed through the body of talus from its axis,and passed through instep after reposition of astragaloscaphoid joint.Two K-wires was passed through calcaneus to talus from planta.[Result]Eight cases were available for follow-up from 17 to 36 months(mean,28 months),follow-up results was evaluated by using a version of Adelaar and Kodros score,there were excellent result in 1 foot,good in 5,fair in 2.The presence of hindfoot valgus and forefoot abduce were noted in one foot,forefoot pronation was appeared in one foot.Two parameters-talar and calcaneus axis-first metalarsal base angles,calcaneus talus angles of eutopic and lateral radiograph were basally normal.[Conclusion]Operative reduction has been advocated as the only effective treatment for CVT,it is the best choice to use minimally invasive release operation for infant.

AIM　To study the protective effect of Gn-3 (a stilbene polymer isolated from Gnetum parvifolium) against liver injury induced by CCl4, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) plus bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. METHODS　The experimental model of liver injury were induced by 0.1% CCl4 ip (10 mL*kg-1*d-1 for 3d), APAP ip (150 mg*kg-1) or BCG (5 mg) plus LPS (7.5 μg) in mice. The levels of ALT in serum, MDA and GSH in liver tissues were detected. The histopathologic changes were observed by light microscope. RESULTS　Gn-3 was shown to markedly reduce the elevated serum ALT levels, liver tissue MDA and improve the histopathological changes in all the three experimental liver injury models. No effect of Gn-3 was observed on the liver GSH level in liver injury mice. CONCLUSION　Gn-3 was found to inhibit the development of liver injury caused by CCl4, APAP, or BCG plus LPS. This means that Gn-3 has liver protective effects.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Nutlin-3,a MDM2 antagonist,on the pyroptosis in SMMC-7721 cells.Methods: The expression of actived caspase-1(p20) and IL-1β was detected using Western blot analysis.Pyroptosis was investigated by a standard lactate dehydrogenase release assay(LDH).IL-1β content in the cell culture supernatant was quantified by ELISA.Results: Nutlin-3 up-regulated the expression level of actived caspase-1 and IL-1β in SMMC-7721 cells.Meanwhile,Nutlin-3 increased significantly the content of LDH and IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant(P<0.05).Conclusion: Nutlin-3 activated pro-caspase-1,promoted pyroptosis and IL-1β release in SMMC-7721 cells.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for better improving the risk perception of Omeprazole sodium for injection in nurses in a third-grade class-A hospital,strengthening risk management of ward drugs and ensuring safety of patients. METHODS:Nurses in the clinical departments in a third-grade class-A hospital where usage frequency of Omeprazole sodium for injection was relatively more were adopted as study subjects and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate on related knowledge on medication risk in nurses in emergency department,gastroenterology department,ICU and CCU in 2012 and 2014. RESULTS:51 and 81 questionnaires were distributed in 2012 and 2014,and 51 and 81 were effectively received with effective recovery of 100%and 100%,respectively. In both surveys,100% surveyed nurses could correctly choose one solvent at least,1.96% and 3.70%nurses could correctly choose 2 solvents;correct answering rates of intravenous administration time were 94.12% and 96.30%,re-spectively;correct answering rates of stable duration after preparation were both lower than 9%;correct answering rates of adverse reaction of this drug were 3.92% and 1.23%,respectively;correct answering rates of interaction of this drug were 1.96% and 6.17%,respectively;correct answering rates of stable formulation of this drug were 17.65%and 22.22%,respectively;the propor-tion of nurses observing ADRs were 25.49% and 13.58%,respectively;the proportion of nurses finding inappropriate compatibility were 15.69% and 22.22%,respectively,Ornidazole and sodium chloride injection was the most used incompatible drug;45% or more nurses hoping to strengthen the continuing education of nursing personnel. CONCLUSIONS:Nurses in this third-grade class-A hospital lack certain knowledge on the medication risk of Omeprazole sodium for injection,the drug risk management is not sufficient,and awareness prevention of drug risk is relative weak. It is suggested that the hospital should strengthen drug risk management system,nurses should strengthen the learning about drug risk and play the role of clinical pharmacists in the drug risk management to reduce the related drug risk and incidence of adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the understanding of quality status of Insulin injection and improvement of related standards. METHODS:The statutory methods of Insulin injection were adopted to test 32 batches of samples(including ap-pearance,identification,capacity,visible foreign matter,sterility and potency determination of biological method). Consulting specification of other similar products,RP-HPLC was conducted to determine the related impurities,content and phenol in sam-ples;HPSEC was conducted to determine the high molecular weight proteins and atomic absorption spectrophotometry was conduct-ed to determine the Zn content. RESULTS:Results of all the 32 batches of samples were qualified by the test of statutory methods. According to the method of other similar products,the determination result of A21 desamido insulin was 15.6%-39.2% and general-ly greater than 5.0%, which was the highest limit of similar products;insulin was 93.2%-102.7%;protein polymer was 0.5%-0.6%;phenol was 2.34-2.51 mg/ml and Zn was 12.3-14.8 μg/100 U. CONCLUSIONS:The statutory specification of Insulin injection is short of many key specification items such as impurities and content determination;the contents of protein polymer, phenol and Zn were in good control;the contents of A21 desamido insulin are generally high,and stability of insulin main peak is relatively poor.

Objective To explore the correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 overexpression (HER-2+)and mammographic and clinical features in breast cancers with estrogen receptor negative expression (ER-).Methods 190 cases of ER-breast cancer were included in this study.There were 78 cases with HER-2+,and 112 cases with HER-2-.The pathological and mammographic features were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the HER-2- group,the HER-2+ group was more in older women (P<0.001)and more likely to have a lymphonodus metastasis (P=0.011).For mammographic manifesta-tions,pure calcifications were more detected in the HER-2+ group (P=0.000),and pure masses were more detected in the HER-2-group (P<0.001).The HER-2+ group was more likely showed as a lobulated mass (P<0.001),and with spiculated margin (P=0.000). However,the HER-2- group was more likely showed as a round mass (P=0.014),and with smooth margin (P=0.000).The cal-cifications of HER-2+ group were more likely showed as malignancy calcifications (P=0.000).Conclusion HER-2 overexpression breast cancer with ER- has some mammographic and clinical features,which is helpful for individual diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To analyze the mammographic findings of ductal carcinoma in situ,and to improve DCIS diagnosis.Methods 1 58 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinomas,27 cases of DCIS and 14 cases of DCIS with microinvasion identified by postoperative pathological were collected,and their mammographic data were analyzed etrospectively.Results There were significantly more calci-fication and pure calcification in DCIS group than in IDC group(both P <0.05 ).And have no statistically significant difference be-tween those two diseases for the shap of calcification(P >0.05),both of them mostly showed granula and punctate calcification.There were statistically significant difference those two diseases for the distribution of calcification (P <0.05),the linearity and V-shaped segmental distribution occupies a relatively high percentage in DCIS while the cluster-like calcification occupies a relatively high percentage in IDC.Conclusion Pure calcification is mainly mammographic feature of DCIS.The characteristic of calcification is distribute along duct.