Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is a common malignant tumor in the world,and surgical resection and liver transplantation are two radical treatment modalities,but only 10%-20%of all patients can receive such treatments.In recent years,local therapies including radiofrequency ablation,microwave ablation,cryoablation,and the irreversible electroporation ablation which appeared recently have gradu-ally become the alternative therapies for the patients who are unable to undergo surgery.In addition to local tumor growth control and im-provement in survival outcomes,the ablation technology also helps to downgrade tumor for secondary resection.This article focuses on the re-search progress in radiofrequency ablation alone and in combination with other therapies in the treatment of HCC,compares radiofrequency ablation with other local ablative therapies,and briefly introduces the application of intelligent navigation technology in adjuvant ablation. With the development of medical imaging and progress in related fields,the ablation technology will be widely applied in clinical practice in the future.

Based on the translational research measurement and backtracking model put forward in this paper,it takes the new drug approved to enter into the market by American FDA from 2006-2015 as the fundamental data to measure the knowledge relations among new drug products-core patent-scientific paper-fund assistance,and puts forward the policies and suggestions for promoting innovation of pharmaceutical products in China.

Objective To evaluate the effect of naringenin on KIM-1 expression in rats with renal interstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Methods 24 SD male rats were randomly divided into Sham group,UUO group and naringe-nin group(Nar group),respectively.Rats in UUO group and Nar group got UUO to establish renal interstitial fibrosis models. Rats in Sham group only free but not ligated and cut ureters.Rats were administered saline and naringenin 25 mg/(kg·d)for 14 days.Then,24 h urine samples were collected before the rats were killed,and KIM-1 in these samples were measured by ELISA. Specimens were obtained from obstructive renal,the pathological change of renal tubule and interstitial were observe by HE and Masson staining.Moreover,the tubulointerstitial damage index was scored and the expression of KIM-1 in renal tissue was examined by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with Sham group,the tubulointerstitial damage index of UUO group significantly increased(P <0.05),contents of KIM-1 in urine and renal tissues also significantly increased(P <0.05).Com-pared with UUO group,the tubulointerstitial damage index score of Nar group alleviated(P <0.01),contents of KIM-1 in urine and renal tissues also reduced(P <0.05 ).Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between KIM-1 in urine and renal tissues and TDI(r=0.862,0.866,P <0.01).Conclusion Naringenin can relieve renal interstitial fibrosis and reduce the content of KIM-1.

Analyzed in this paper are the methods and their operability and efficiency for assessing the impact of papers on clinical research in view of evidence-based medicine, including citation analysis based on the clinical practice guidelines and evidence-based medicine database and comparative analysis of clinical trials registry data-base, with the model for assessing the impact of papers on clinical research in view of evidence-based medicine proposed.

Purpose To establish a golden hamster model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using BOP [N-nitrosobis (2-oxo-propyl) amine] and to explore the protein expression of Wisp-1,β-catenin, TGF-β1 and Smad4 in ICC and their relationship with the tumorigenesis. Methods 57 female golden hamsters aged 8 to 9 weeks (39 in experimental group, 18 in control group), the experi-mental animals were subjected to subcutaneous injection of BOP, the control group was injected with saline. The liver was removed and paraffin sections were prepared for histopathological observation. The protein expression of Wisp-1,β-catenin, TGF-β1 and Smad4 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in these blocks. Results Most of the animals in the experimental group (29/39) developed ICC, part of the animal (8/39) developed bile duct dysplasia, 1 developed focal bile duct hyperplasia, and 1 was not found bile duct hyperplasia. The positive expression rates of four protein markers in ICC, bile duct dysplasia and normal intrahepatic bile duct tissues were Wisp-1,79. 3%, 87. 5% and 5. 0%,β-catenin, 96. 6%, 100. 0% and 15. 0%, Smad4, 96. 6%, 100. 0% and 25. 0%, TGF-β1, 62. 1%, 12. 5% and 5. 0%, respectively. The positive expression rates of Wisp-1, beta-catenin and Smad4 protein in both the ICC and the tissue of bile duct dysplasia were higher than that of normal intrahepatic bile duct tissue ( P<0. 001 ) , The positive ex-pression of TGF-β1 in the ICC tissue was higher than that of normal intrahepatic bile duct tissue and bile duct dysplasia (P<0. 001). Conclusions The study showed that BOP can induce a golden hamster model of ICC and provides a reliable animal model for the study of ICC. The high expression of Wisp-1,β-catenin, TGF-β1 and Smad4 in BOP-induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is closely re-lated to occurrence, development and infiltration of ICC.

Objective To promote the development of precision medicine and gene sequencing technologies in China by analyzing the innovation situation in gene sequencing technologies.Methods An innovation situation research analysis frame was established with scientific literature and patent information as its basic data.The innovation situation in gene sequencing technologies was analyzed in aspects of scientific research and technical R & D.Results The research on gene sequencing technologies and technical R & D were focused on tumor diagnosis and treatment,plant gene sequencing,identification of HIV and gastrointestinal flora.Single cell genome amplification technology has greatly promoted the development of gene sequencing technologies.Conclusion The level of gene sequencing technologies and technical R & D in China is approaching to that in the world.

Objective To explore the effects of excise-induced fatigue on the microloop plasticity of prefrontal cortex through observing the expression of parvalbumin positive neurons in prefrontal cortexes of rats induced by exhaustive exercise,so as to find out the possible mechanism of the central regulation of exercise-induced fatigue by measuring the expression of NMDAR2B receptors.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into an exhausted group (E),a repeated exhaustion group (RE) and a control group (CG),each of 12.For group E,the adjusted Bedford incremental load of treadmill exercise program was employed:the initial treadmill speed was 8.2 m/min,lasting for 15 minutes,then increased to 15 m/min for another 15 minutes,and finally increased to 20 m/min till exhaustion.For RE group,they were given continuous treadmill exercises to exhaustion for consecutive 7 days.The immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the expression of PV+ interneurons after exhausted treadmill running.The Western blotting technique was used to determine the expression of NMDAR2B in the tissue of the prefrontal cortex.Results After the exhausted treadmill running,the expression of PV+ interneurons in the prefrontal cortexes of both E and RE groups increased significantly compared with the control group(P＜0.01).The immunofluorescence results indicated that NMDAR2B positive neurons were seen in group E,but not obviously in group CG and RE.The Western blotting showed that compared with CG group the protein expression of NMDAR2B in prefrontal cortexes of group E was relatively high,and that of group RE was relatively low,but without significant difference (P＞0.05).The running distance and prefrontal cortex NMDAR2B expression were found negatively correlated (P＜ 0.01).Conclusions Exhaustive exercises have an impact on the plasticity in rats' prefrontal cortex neural network through regulating the local loop of PV positive neurons.This plasticity of the prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of central fatigue.The present study might provide morphological basis for the research of central mechanism of the exercise-induced fatigue.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous venous-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous venous-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) on patients with lactic acidosis.Methods A total of 137 cases with lactic acidosis were included in this prospective randomized control study.lhe patients were collected from the University of Hong Kong-shenzhen Hospitall and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from April 2009 to April 2013.Inclusion criteria were patients with lactic acidosis.Exclusion criteria were patients with end-stage malignancy or terminal stage of illnesses.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:CVVH group and CVVHD group,and patients of both group were intervened with conventional treatments as well.For each group,the lactic acid and blood gas analysis were tested before CRRT,and at 4 hours,8 hours,12 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours of CRRT.The patients' mortality and length of ICU stay time were analysed and recorded.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0software.Results When the length of time for treatment was the same,the efficacy between CVVH group and CVVHD group showed no difference in blood lactic acid level [4 h:(11.65 ± 3.39) mmol/L vs.(11.12±2.65) mmol/L; 8 h:(8.78±2.35) mmol/L vs.(8.59±2.09) mmol/L; 12 h:(6.91 ±1.67)mmol/Lvs.(6.74±1.76) mmol/L;24h:(1.66±0.39) mmol/Lvs.(1.51±0.30) mmol/L; 48 h:(0.95 ±0.24) mmol/L vs.(0.66 ±0.20) mmol/L,P ＞ 0.05) and pH value [4 h:(6.93 ±0.14) vs.(7.05±0.09);8h:(7.04±0.10)vs.(7.12±0.05); 12h:(7.13±0.07)vs.(7.20±0.04);24h:(7.30±0.03) vs.(7.38±0.04); 48h:(7.41 ±0.03) vs.(7.46±0.02),P＞ 0.05].There are also no difference in the hospital mortality (11.4％ vs.10.4％,P=0.854) and length ofICU stay time [(9.5 ±2.4) d vs.(8.8 ± 2.9) d,P =0.329].Conclusions Both CVVH and CVVHD can effectively correct hyperlactemia,enhance acid-base balance,contributing no differences in length of ICU stay time and patients' hospital mortality.

Objective To understand the drug resistance of Escherichiacoli in the bloodstream infections from community infec-tion and hospital infection,in order to provide the basis for clinical rational drug use.Methods According to the CLSI 2013 stran-dard,VITEK-2GN and AST-GN13 cards from France Bio-merieux company were used to identify the bacteria and analyze the drug susceptibility.The data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0.Results A total of 181 strains of Escherichiacoli were isolated from communi-ty-acquired and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections from January to December in 2014.There were 88 strains of community in-fection and 93 strains of hospital infection.The rates of ESBLs (+)strains isolated from community infection and hospital infection were 53.4% and 73.1% respectively.The ESBLs (+)rate of Escherichiacoli isolated from community infection was significantly lower than that from hospital infection (P =0.006).Antibiotics of resistance less than 10% in 181 strains of Escherichiacoli were Cefoperazone/Sulbactam,Piperacillin/Tazobactam,Ertapenem,Imipenem,Amikacin.The resistant rate of Hospital infection strains was generally higher than that of community infection strains.The ESBLs (+)rate of Escherichiacoli isolated from bloodstream in-fections of Urology Surgery wsa higher than that of other departments.Conclusion The drug resistance of Escherichiacoli in the bloodstream infections from hospital infection is higher than that from community infection.Using antibiotics rationally and strengthening the nosocomial infection surveillance of ICU and Surgery Ward are effective measures to control the bacterial drug re-sistance.

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics,gene mutation and enzymatic activity of αgalactosidase A(α-GalA)in a 15-year-old male patient with typical Fabry disease,whose mother was without any clinical manifestations.Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from the patient and his mother.Genomie DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patient.his mother,and a healthy control subject.Seven exons of the GLA gene were amplified by PCR.PCR products were purified.cloned into T vector,and then sequenced.The enzymatic activity of α-GalA Was measured by fluorimetrie substrate assay. Results DNA sequencing results showed that a missense mutation of 10036-10038delAAG in exon 7 WaS identified in the patient,resulting in the replacement of 374 lysine and 375 glyeine by arginine,which Was not previously reported.The patient Was a hemizygote with gene mutation,his mother WaS a heterozygote carrying gene mutation,and the healthy control without mutation.α-GalA enzymatic activity assay showed that the enzymatic activity of the patient with GLA gene mutation was only 50%of the healthy control subject,while the enzymatic activity of the patient's mother Was about 70%of the heahhy control SObject.Conclusiolls Detecting GLA gene mutation and α-GalA enzymatic activity in patients with Fabry disease who have been clinically diagnosed seelns to be helpful in finding other patients in the family and in further understanding the molecular pathogenesis of that disease.