Objective To evaluate the functional outcomes of the phacoemulsification(Phaco)with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(PCCC),or with PCCC and anterior vitrectomy(AV)on after cataract.Design Meta analysis based on the reference searching.Participants A comprehensive electric search in MEDLINE,CNKI,CBMdisc,VIP information,CMCC,CCPD,SSreader,21dmedia and a manual search in related textbooks,journals,congress articles and their references in English and Chinese.Methods Strictly include and exclude the relevant articles from the resource with statistical criterion and get the needing data.Statistically analysed the data with software of Review Manager4.2.2,SPSS10.0.Heterogeneity of the included articles was tested that used to select appropriate effect model to Meta-analysis.Treatment effect was measured as odds ratio between Phaco with PCCC group and Phaco with PCCC+AV group.Change the selected effect model and calculate the fail-safe number(Nfs)to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the research.Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity,heterogeneity,the according confidence intervals(CI)and Nfs.Results Six studies were included,with a sum of 305 eyes.With the outcomes of heterogeneity test,the fixed effect model was used in both groups to calculate OR.The pooled OR of after cataract was 0.13(95%CI is 0.06-0.25).Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that no disproportionate influences of individual study.And Nfs=76.8,the result was confirmed.Conclusion Phacoemulsification with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy is superior to phacoemulsification with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis on preventing after cataract.

Objective To study the influence of bilateral optic nerve transections on the expression of Nogo A/B and NgR in hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus neurocytes of rats in order to elucidate the possible regulatory mechanisms of supraoptic nucleus regeneration.Methods Twelve adult SD rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups(6 each): control group and optic nerve division group(transection of bilateral optic nerves).Sham operation was done in,rats of the control group without transection of sptic nerves.The rats' brains were removed from both groups 7 days after surgery,and then frozen sections of the brains were made.Different antibodies and fluorescent probe dyes were used to label Nogo-A/B and NgR proteins in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus neurocytes.And then laser-confocal microscopy was used to observe these proteins.Results No Nogo-A/B and NgR proteins were expressed in neurocytes of hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in control group.However,Nogo-A/B and NgR proteins were positively expressed around the nuclei of neurocytes in rats of the optic nerve division group 7 days after bilateral optic nerve transection in the said area Conclusions Nogo-A/B and NgR may participate in the regeneration regulation of supraoptic nucleus neurocytes after injury.However,there must be other factors also involved in the regeneration regulation mechanisms.The existence of these factors might explain the strong activity of regeneration of supraoptic nucleus neurocytes after injury even with the existence of the major axon regeneration inhibitor Nogo-A/B and its receptor NgR in the microenvironment.

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of phacoemulsification (PHACO)+intraocular lens implantation (IOL) for cataract combined with primary angle closure (PAC) in the expansion phase. Methods Thirty-eight eyes of 29 patients which suffered from cataract combined PAC in the expansion phase had undergone PHACO+IOL and goniosynechialysis from June 2005 to December 2006 were retrospectively studied. Results A total of 32 eyes of 24 cases were followed up for 6 to 35 months post-operatively, meanly 19.53?8.93 months. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly decreased from a preoperative mean of (31.61?9.88) mmHg without medication therapy to (16.73?2.13) mmHg in 1 month after operation and (15.61?1.94) mmHg at the end of follow-up. The differences between the untreatment and the treatment were statistically significant (P=0.000). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly improved in all cases (P=0.000). Although the BCVA at the end of follow-up was declined when compared with the acuity 1 month post-operatively, there was no significant difference. The mean central anterior chamber depth was increased from (2.22?0.51) mm preoperatively to (3.59?0.46) mm in 1 month after operation and (3.17?0.35) mm at the end of follow-up with significant differences (P=0.000). The angle of anterior chamber in all operated eyes became wider and the parts of angle closure opened at different degrees. All of patients had no any vision defection. Conclusion PHACO+IOL and combined with goniosynechialysis blocks primary angle-closure glaucoma course, and has better long-term effect.

ObjectiveTo observe the dose of methadone and the compliance of patients to the methadone maintenance treatment(MMT).MethodsWe analyzed the status of 69 patients who were addicted to opiate medication and 44 patients who dropped out in our clinic until July 31,2010.ResultsThere was no significant relationship between patients' urine test and the dose.Crime caused the patients who dropped out.The percentage of positive urine did not decline as the dose increased,but the rate of patients who dropped and the number of positive urine test showed a significant correlation( r =0.523 P =0.000).Crime was the main reason that affected the compliance to MMT and caused dropping out.ConclusionThe use of MMT dose should be individualized.

Objective To isolate and cultivate the retinal stem cells(RSCs) with improved method,identify the RSCs from embryonic rats,explore the RSCs' features in growth and differentiation,and research for an effective method to cultivate retinal stem cell in vitro from rat ocular tissues.Methods RSCs were isolated from rodents and humans and characterized in vitro.RSCs were isolated from SD rat embryonic retina(gestational age 18d) by shearing,blowing,digesting,centrifuging and filtering,and amplified by using serum-free DMEM/F12 medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),and then the cells were cultured and sub-cultivated by floating growth in vitro.After sub-cultivation,the RSCs were gathered by centrifuging,differentiation was induced with 5% fetal bovine serum(FBS),and the differentiated cells grew and adhered to the culture medium.Immunocytochemistry was employed with specific antibodies to identify RSCs and their potentiality of differentiation.The potentiality of RSCs to replace retinal cells in retinal degenerative diseases was confirmed by transplantation test.Results The primarily cultured retinal cells could grow in a floating state to,form compact cellular spheres,and they had the potential to proliferate in vitro in subsequent cultures to form new cellular spheres.After incubation in the medium with bromodeoxyuridine(BrDU),most of both primarily cultured and sub-cultivated cells expressed the neuroectodermal marker Nestin and BrDU.Differentiated RSCs expressed CD90.1(Thy1.1) after being induced.Conclusion The isolated retinal stem cells from SD embryonic rats,which are undifferentiated,multipotent and may self-renew,have the ability of proliferation and differentiation in vitro,and the differentiated RSCs possess the characteristics of retinal neural cells,including differentiation to retinal ganglion cells.

Objective To investigate the gene mutations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 drug resistance among anti‐retrovirus (ARV ) treated‐naive men who have sex with men (MSM ) in Shanghai to provide evidence‐based data for optimized treatment .Methods All 669 treatment‐nave cases of HIV‐1 infection identified among MSM in 2013 were recruited and their plasma was collected .RNA was extracted and amplified by nest reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction ,and DNA was sequenced and then phylogenetically analyzed .Finally ,subtypes were identified and drug resistance was analyzed in comparison with International HIV Drug Resistance Database .Results The pol gene fragments of 645 cases were obtained .Primary drug‐resistance rate was 2 .48% (16/645) ,including mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitor (PI) (0 .31% ,2/645) ,nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (0 .16% ,1/645) ,non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (1 .70% ,11/645) and both NRTI and NNRTI (0 .31% ,2/645) ,respectively .Mutations conferring resistance to CRF01_AE were 12 cases (2 .99% ) ,while mutations conferring resistance to CRF07_BC and CRF_01B were 0 .61%(1/163) and 4 .65% (2/43 ) including 1 case of CRF52_01B and unidentified CRF_01B , respectively . Resistance to NNRTI in B subtype were 2 .70% (1/37) .Conclusion The prevalence of HIV‐1 drug resistance‐associated mutations among MSM in Shanghai ,2013 is still low ,but resistance to NNRTI is relatively high .CRF01_AE is the major subtype of drug resistance .It is necessary to strengthen the HIV drug resistance surveillance in MSM group in Shanghai .

Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from December 2019 in China. 2019-nCoV which was identified is a kind of beta coronavirus belongs to one of four coronavirus genera. Except 2019-nCoV, two other beta coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are also quite harmful to human beings. 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as SARS-CoV. And dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) or CD26 is the cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The expression of ACE2 was found to have obvious positive expression in human corneal and conjunctival epithelium, and corneal endothelium. DPP4 activity was presented in normal animal conjunctival epithelium and fibroblasts of the subjacent connective tissue. It was also presented in the whole corneal epithelium and tear fluid of animal with severe injured corneas. The two receptors, ACE2 and DPP4, involve in many cellular signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes. Their expression in the cells of ocular surface may be an access route of corona virus in eye, which provides clues to elucidating the pathogenesis of corona virus in the eyeballs.

Objective To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of MMP1 gene (-1607) and cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth ( CsA-GO ) . Methods Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to detect 42 cases of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia patients and 118 normal controls. MMP1 (-1607) 1G/2G gene polymorphism type were detected and analysised;Logistic regres-sion model was used to calculate the different genotypes and the risk of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia re-lationship. Results Cyclosporine-induced MMP1 (-1607) 3 genotype frequency distribution of gingival hyperplasiacase group had no significant difference (P=0.37) with the control group. Patients who carry MMP1 (-1607) 2G genotype occurred cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia have 1.37 times risk than 1G genotype (95%CI=0.81-2.36, P=0.24), and 1G genotype and cyclosporine-inducedgingival hyperplasiaun related torisk. Conclusion MMP1 gene promoter region (-1607) 1G/2G single nucleotide polymorphism of cyclosporine -induced gingival hyperplasia may not a genetic susceptibility factor, patients who carry 2G genotype has an increased risk of CsA-GO.

Purpose: RIOK1 has been proved to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation and migration in various types of cancers—such as colorectal and gastric cancers. However, the expression of RIOK1 in breast cancer (BC) and the relationship between RIOK1 expression and the development of BC are not well characterized. In this study, we assessed the expression of RIOK1 in BC and evaluated the mechanisms underlying its biological function in this disease context. Materials and Methods: We used immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of RIOK1 in BC patients. Then, knockdown or overexpression of RIOK1 were used to evaluate the effect on BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we predicted miR-204-5p could be a potential regulator of RIOK1. Results: We found that the expression levels of RIOK1 were significantly higher in hormone receptor (HR)–negative BC patients and was associated with tumor grades (p=0.010) and p53 expression (p=0.008) and survival duration (p=0.011). Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested a tendency for the poor prognosis. In vitro, knockdown of RIOK1 could inhibit proliferation, invasion, and induced apoptosis in HR-negative BC cells and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo, while overexpression of RIOK1 promoted HR-positive tumor progression. MiR-204-5p could regulate RIOK1 expression and be involved in BC progression. Conclusion These findings indicate that RIOK1 expression could be a biomarker of HR-negative BC, and it may serve as an effective prognostic indicator and promote BC progression.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ( DPP4) in the calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells(HVSMCs). Methods The osteogenic differentiation of HVSMCs was induced by 200 ng/ ml DPP4 as calcification model. The differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between DPP4 group and control group were analyzed by microarray, and the microarray results of LincRNA ENST00000540293 were validated by real-time PCR. After HVSMCs were incubated with LincRNA ENST00000540293 silencing positive reagent for 48 h, the expressions of calcification-related proteins osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2) were detected by Western blotting and the formation of calcified nodules was observed by Alizarin red staining. Results The protein expressions of OPG and BMP-2 in HVSMCs were significantly increased after DPP4 intervention (P <0.05), with the increased formation of calcified nodules. RTqPCR showed that LincRNA ENST00000540293 expression was significantly decreased in DPP4 group as compared with the control group(P<0.05). The expressions of calcification-related proteins OPG and BMP-2 were significantly increased after LincRNA ENST00000540293 silence(P<0.05). Conclusion DPP4 may promote the calcification of HVSMC through inhibiting LincRNA ENST00000540293 expression.