Objective:To study the functional status of the monocytes-derived dendritic cells (DCs) plused with HBsAg from patients with chronic hepatitis B and their capacity of inducing the HBV- special cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs),and explore a new method of inducing the special anti-HBV cell-mediated immunity.Methods:Monocytes of patients were isolated from peripheral blood and incubated with GM-CSF+IL-4+TNF-? to induce DCs generation. Those DCs were pulsed with HBsAg to induce HBV- special DCs. The phenotype of DCs including CD1a,CD80,CD83,CD86,CD40 and HLA-DR was characterized by FCM and the stimulating reaction of allogenic T lymphocytes was detected by MTT assay. The concentration of cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-6 in supernate was tested by ELISA and the cytotoxicity of CTLs inducing by the DCs against HepG2 2.2.15 cells,HepG2 cells and K562 cells were detected by LDH assay.Results:The expression of CD1a, CD80, CD83,CD86, CD40, HLA-DR molecules on the DCs pulsed with HBsAg was higher than those of the control group (P

Diabetes is a kind of metabolic syndrome, always hap-pening in the case of insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance, inducing the increase of blood glucose. While, dia-betic osteoporosis is a kind of chronic diabetic complications, which happens when insulin secretion is absolutely or relatively insufficient and then the insufficiency induces imbalance of hor-mone, calcium phosphorus metabolic disorders, thus leading to the decline of bone mineral density and change of bone micro-structure. The overnutrition, less exercise and the environment change lead to the increased incidence of diabetes. For all the diabetes, type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90%. Patients with type 2 diabetes show the increasing risk of fracture. This review summarizes the recent advances in the influence of type 2 diabe-tes on bones.

Huoxue Tongmai Lishui method, a traditional Chinese medicine treatment for eliminating water, activating and promoting blood circulation, could inhibit fundus hemorrhage on experimental retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with high obvious effective rate, and improve symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine. The action mechanism may be related to reducing plasma viscosity and non-perfusion area, and the formation of collateral circulation.

Objective Acute respiratory dysfunction (ARD) can occur after aortic surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulation arrest, but relatively little is known about acute respiratory dysfunction in the patients with type A aortic dissection. This study aims to analyze the independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction after A type aortic dissection surgery and to assess possible prevention and treatment option in the future. Methods Clinical data of the 252 patients including 193 male patients and 59 female patients who underwent type A aortic dissection surgery from February 2009 to October 2010 were collected. The mean age was 47 years. Postoperative acute respiratory dysfunction was defined as oxygenation impairment (PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 150) that occurred within 72 h of surgery except pleural effusion, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and haemato-/ pneumothorax. There were 187 acute A type aortic dissection patients and 65 chronic type A aortic dissection patients. Clinical characteristics including age, gender, weight, height, history of hypertension, history of smoking, preoperative complications such as preoperative shock and acute renal failure, pericardial effusion, previous cardiac surgery, time from event to surgery, malperfusion syndrome, cardiopulmonary time, cross-clamp time,deep hypothermia circulation arrest time, surgical procedure, duration of intensive care unit stay and postoperative complications including tracheotomy, dialysis dependent renal failure and hospital mortality were gathered. Arterial blood analysis, chest X ray, ventilator parameters, number of blood transfusion and flood balance were assayed after operation. All the factors were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify relative risk factors of ARD. Results Acute respiratory dysfunction occurred in 32 (12.7% ) patients. The in-hospital mortality was significant difference between acute respiratory dysfunction group and non- acute respiratory dysfunction group (P ＜ 0.05). The value of BMI, incidence of acute aortic dissection, preoperative SBP level, cardio-pulmonary bypass time, aortic clamp time and total arch replacement in acute respiratory dysfunction group were significantly higher than the values in non- acute respiratory dysfunction group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed blood transfusion more than 10 units and cardio-pulmonary bypass time more than 160 minutes were independent risk factors of early stage acute respiratory dysfunction after type A aortic dissection surgery.Conclusion Acute respiratory dysfunction after type A aortic dissection was a severe early stage postoperative complication and was associated with in-hospital mortality. The patients in acute aortic dissection were prone to have acute respiratory dysfunction. The independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction included blood transfusion more than 10 units and cardio-pulmonary bypass time more than 160 minutes.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of gastric cancer with ovarian metastasis and to analyze the reasons for its misdiagnosis. Methods There were 52 cases of gastric cancer with ovarian metastasis who had pathologic diagnoses from Jan. 1990 to Jun. 2004, whose clinical datum, pathological classification and the reasons for misdiagnosis were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed. Results The average age of the patients was 40.15?1.28 ( the ages ranging from 22 to 64 ). These patients's first symptoms and signs often were a metastatic ovary cancer. The main ultrasonographic findings were either a complex type of mass with both solid and cystic characteristics or only solid one, most of which accompany hydroperitonia, and among them metastatic ovary tumors on both sides reached 76.9 %. The serum CA125 levels increased, amounting to ( 99.85?14.23)U/mL on the average. It was greatly lower than a primary ovarian cancer(P

The ability of clinical teachers plays a key role in residents standardized training. The teachers should fully understand the relevant policies and improve the awareness of resident standardized training. The construction of clinical teaching ability is the essential ability for clinical teachers and is the focus of the teacher training, which can guarantee to guide the improvement of residents' clinical thinking ability and the training of their clinical skills. Establishing teacher training system, making a suitable train-ing plan, selecting applicable training content and participating in various types of teacher training should effectively improve the comprehensive teaching ability of clinical teachers for resident standardized training.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modulating the inflammatory response during the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), especially the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which will provide new theoretical and experimental basis of MODS in clinic. Methods BMSC of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat (female, 4 weeks) was extracted and cultivated, and the 4th passage were used in experimental study. According to the random number table, 60 female SD rats were divided into three groups (n = 20 per group): sham group, MODS group, BMSC group. MODS model in rats was induced by lipopolysaccaride (LPS, 1 mg/kg) via femoral vein injection. Sham group was injected with the sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) in the same volume. BMSC group, in which BMSC infusion was started at 2 hours after 0.5 mL LPS stimulation (1×106/cells) through the tail vein. The survival rate was observed after 72 hours in each group. Abdominal aortic blood was collected for routine blood and biochemical examination at 72 hours after operation. Protein microarray was used to detect the related 34 inflammatory cytokines. Signal ratio was defined as the differentially expressed factors when it was more than 2.0 or less than 0.5. And enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was be applied to validate the significant inflammation factor. Meanwhile, the heart, kidney, intestine tissue was harvested, then their pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.Results 20, 12, 16 rats lived in sham group, MODS group and BMSC group respectively at 72 hours after operation. Compared with the sham group, the indicators (routine blood, liver and kidney function, myocardial enzyme) were apparently unusual, and the heart, kidney, intestine tissue were injured obviously in the MODS group. After BMSC administration, the organ function was improved and tissue damaged was alleviated significantly. Protein microarray showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were significantly different in 34 goal cytokines. The signal ratio change of IL-4 was 0.397, 1.124, 2.826 respectively, and the signal ratio of RAGE was 6.197, 1.552, 0.250, respectively in MODS/sham group, BMSC/sham group, BMSC/MODS group. ELISA validated the result that the expression level of IL-4 decreased significantly (ng/L:3.59±1.21 vs. 29.10±5.78) and the expression level of RAGE increased significantly (ng/L: 1.09±0.04 vs. 0.11±0.03) in MODS group as compared with sham group (bothP < 0.05). Compared with the MODS group, the level of IL-4 was obviously higher than that in BMSC group (ng/L: 9.59±2.21 vs. 3.59±1.21,P < 0.01), and RAGE decreased significantly (ng/L: 0.29±0.07 vs. 1.09±0.04,P < 0.05).Conclusions BMSC administration can regulate the expression of IL-4 and RAGE in the rats subjected to MODS. Moreover, BMSC can promote the restoration of tissue and organ function, thus improve the survival rate. BMSC may be the target in cell therapy for the inflammatory disease.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of valproic acid on brain edema,neurobehavioral outcome and inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.Methods TBI animal models were established using Feeney's method.Fifty-four SD male rats,weighting 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =18):sham operation group (group sham),traumatic brain injury group (group TBI) and valproic acid treatment group (group TBI + VPA).Experimental rats were treated with valproic acid (300 mg/kg,twice daily) by intraperitoneal injection.Rat behavioral outcomes were measured by modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) tests at day 1,3,and 7 after TBI.Brain water content was measured with wet-dry weight method.The blood cells infiltration into cerebral cortex were tested with immunohistochemistry staining against ED-1 for macrophage.Inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6) were measured by Western blotting.The statistical analysis were performed by ANOVA and chi-square tests using the statistical software program SPSS 13.0.Results Compared with the Sham group,the levels of brain edema,mNSS and macrophage cell infiltration were significantly increased after TBI (all P =0.00).The expressions of inflammatory cytokines were also increased significantly (all P =0.00).Compared with the TBI group,TBI + VAP group had significantly lower brain water content[3day:(80.12 ±0.59)％ vs.(82.14 ±0.67)％,P=0.04;7day:(74.74 ±0.72)％ vs.(77.93 ±0.48)％,P=0.01],and mNSS scores [3 day:(10.53 ±0.32) vs.(11.74 ±0.48),P =0.02;7 day:(7.97 ± 0.32) vs.(10.73 ± 0.42),P =0.01].VPA suppressed macrophage cell infiltration into cerebral cortex [(36.44 ± 0.72) ％ vs.(25.93 ± 0.48) ％ P =0.00].Meanwhile,VPA inhibited the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ,TNF-α,IL-6) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with VPA markedly reduced brain edema and improved neurological outcomes after TBI,possibly mediated by inhibited TBI-induced cerebral inflammatory responses and macrophage cell infiltrating into cerebral cortex.

ObjectiveTo develop an antibody-array system for multiple detection of antibodies against Japanese B encephalitis virus (JEV),Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBV),Dengue virus ( DENV ),West Nile virus (WNV),Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) and East Equine encephalitis virus (EEEV).MethodsRecombined antigens were spotted on array as capture antigens.Specific antibodies were detected by using a sandwich ELISA format.Rabbit antiserum was employed to select and confirm the specificity of antigens and to optimize the conditions of the assay.The detection efficiency of the system was validated by 40 clinical suspected serum samples and compared with the relative ELISA assays.ResultsEleven recombined antigens were selected as diagnostic antigens with high specificity.Better detection could be achieved when scale of antigen concentrations were within 0.125-0.900 mg/ml and the serum dilutions were 1:100-1:1000.When detecting the 26 clinical suspected TBE serum samples,20 were IgG positive (76.9％),and 17 were IgM positive (65.3％) which was 96.1％ and 84.6％ consistent with the relevant ELLSA tests,the 8 clinical suspected JEV serum samples,4 were IgG positive (50.0％),and 5 were IgM positive (62.0％),which was 86.3％ and 90.1％ consistent with the relevant ELLSA tests.As for the 22 DEN serum samples,13 were IgG positive (60％) and 15 were IgM positive (68％) which was 85％ and 93％ consistent with ELISA.The specificity of the assay was 100％ and the sensitivity was higher than the relative ELISAs.ConclusionThe developed antibody-array is highly specific and reliable,which could be used for the detection of antibodies against the 6 arboviruses.

OBJECTlVE To develop an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of pro-damine ( PDM) and its metabolite 2,4-dinitro-N3-propyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-benzenediamine ( DTB) in rat plasma in order to study toxicokinetics of PDM in rats. METHODS SD male rats were administered a single dose of PDM ( ig: 100 and 1000 mg·kg-1; iv: 100 mg·kg-1 ) . LC-MS/MS method was used to determine PDM and DTB in rat plasma. Toxicokinetic parameters were fitted using DAS Ver2. 1. 1. RESULTS After ig administration of PDM 100 mg·kg-1 , the parameters of PDM and DTB were as fol-lows:AUC(0-t) was 2715±102 and (6845±316)μg·h·L-1, t1/2z was 9.0±1.4 and (7.1±1.3)h, Tmax was 7.0± 1.6 and (7.0±0.0)h, cmax was 146±51 and (473±103)μg·L-1. After ig administration of PDM 1000 mg·kg-1, the parameters of PDM and DTB were as follows:AUC(0-t) was 3401±242 and (10364± 573)μg·h·L-1, t1/2z was 8.8±2.1 and (6.0±1.8)h, Tmax was (7.0±1.6)h, cmax was 175±56 and (586± 152)μg·L-1 . The absolute bioavailability of PDM was 44.9%( 100 mg·kg-1 ) and 17.1%( 1000 mg·kg-1 ) . CONCLUSlON This method is suitable for the analysis of PDM and DTB in rat plasma. There is evidence that PDM and DTB display nonlinear toxicokinetic characteristics in the studied dose range.