Combining technical requirement from main international administration and status quo of China administration, current regulatory requirement on clinical trail of conventional intervertebral fusion devices has been simplified. Cervical, thoracic and lumbar cases can be grouped into the same cohort, and primary endpoints are mainly based on imageology rather than clinical score. This is an attempt to rationally lessen industrial burdensome.
China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Cohort Studies ; Endpoint Determination ; Humans ; Research Design ; standards ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Tangmaikang granules on blood sugar and sugar tolerance in diabetic mice and on the sugar tolerance of normal rats.METHODS: The diabetic mouse model was induced by alloxan,and the effects of different dosage of Tangmaikang granules on blood sugar and sugar tolerance in experimental diabetic mice and on the sugar tolerance of normal rats were observed.RESULTS: Tangmaikang granules(Medium-dose and high-dose) could downregulate the blood sugar level of experimental diabetic mice and inhibited the glucose-induced increase of the blood sugar level,showing significant differences as compared with the model group(P

In recent years, a rapid development has been achieved in the clinical prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation, especially in perioperative management, which are supported by the results of evidence-based studies.However, due to the complicated procedures and varied risk factors for liver transplantation, the prevention of postoperative carcinoma recurrence remains a challenge and a focus of research in liver transplantation.This study reviews the perioperative measures for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation, aiming to shed some light on this aspect for graduates and clinicians of surgery.

Objective To explore the importance of pre hospital emergency care for patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total of 85 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage transferred by ambulance were considered as the observation group and 51 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage transferred by family members were considered as the control group.Patients in observation group were given first aid at the scene,transit and hospital,and patients in control group were given first aid after admission in hospital.Effective transit time,complications,and mortality were compared between the two groups.Results Effective transit time was shorter in observation group than in control group [(0.92±0.17) h vs.(1.31±0.39) h,t=8.05,P＜0.001].The complication incidence was lower in observation group than in control group (14.12％ vs.47.06％,x2 =17.77,P＜0.001).The mortality rate was lower in observation group than in control group (15.29 ％ vs.37.25 ％,x2 =8.54,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Pre-hospital emergency care could shorten the effective transit time,reduce the complication incidence and improve the survival rate in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

Objective To explore the application and implementation of narrow band imaging (NBI) in fiberscope.Methods NBI color filter in the light source gifted the host machine with NBI function,and the application of DBI technique in fiberscope was implemented with a compatible HD camera.Results NBI technique involved in fiberscope decreased the costs in hospital and departments,relieved patient pain and increased the diagnosis rate.Conclusion NBI technique can be applied to electron mirror and fiberscope,and gains advantages in the future.

Anxiety disorders are the commonest emotional disorders in children, who may be at increased risk of the later develop-ment of other types of mental disorder. Early diagnosis and intervention should be applied. In this article, epidemiology, major factors rele-vant and effective therapy of anxiety disorders in preschool children are summarized.

BACKGROUND:The distal forearm buckle fracture in children has no secondary displacement risk, and the literatures have reported that the fracture can be treated with external fixators of plaster cast, palm side plate, splint, brace and bandage, and obtain good effect. But different external fixators have different effects on the functional recovery and viability.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of splint versus plaster cast for the treatment of distal forearm buckle fracture in Children.
METHODS: The Medline database, Embase database, Cochrane Library, CNKI database and CBM database were searched from the database establishment to April 2011 with the computer;the relative conference papers were hand searched;the Important Clinical Trial Register was searched online without limitation of language. Randomized control ed trials and quasi-randomized control trials were selected for quality evaluation, and the Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 5.1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Two published trials including a total of 314 patients were included, and one randomized control ed trial was evaluated as B scale, another one quasi-randomized control trial was evaluated as C scale. The results demonstrate that no fracture, un-union or re-fracture occurred after treated with splint and plaster case external fixator, and there were no significant differences in pain scores as wel as the daily activities of writing, drawing, self-eating and washing;while the early bathing ability of the patients in the splint group was earlier than that in the plaster cast group, and had no significant difference in the advanced bathing ability. The regular exercise participation in the splint group was better than that in the plaster cast group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between two groups. The results indicate that the pain score of the patients with distal forearm buckle fracture in children do not improved after treated with splint and plaster cast, but splint fixation is better than plaster cast fixation in maintaining the batching and regular exercise participation ability with good safety. But the wel-designed and implement large sample and multi-center randomized control ed trials are needed for validation.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of patients suffering from pulmonary embolism (PE) with D-dimer ＜ 0. 5 μg/mL in order to raise the diagnostic accuracy and reduce the mortality rate of PE. MethodsD-dimer-negative patients with suspected PE were admitted from January 2006 through December 2009. A comparison of clinical features including clinical manifestations, vital signs, laboratory and ancillary findings between 16 patients finally diagnosed PE and 41 patients without PE. ResultsCompared with patients without PE, the D-dimer-negative patients with PE usually had past history of venous thromembolism (VTE) or recent surgery. The symptoms of chest tightness, acute dyspnea, tachypnea, lower extremity edema and typical S I QⅢTⅢ changes of ECG were more often occurred in patients with PE than those in patients without PE of control group. ConclusionsD-dimer test is a good screening test for acute PE because its negative predictive value is high, but when the patients have acute dyspnea, lower extremity edema, previous history of VTE or/and recent surgery and ECG SI QⅢ TⅢ changes, even if D -dimer ＜ 0. 5 μg/mL, clinicians also should pay attention to and if necessary, further tests should be considered to confirm the diagnosis of PE.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of high degree of malignant gastrointestinal tumor,and its incidence has increased significantly in recent years.Due to the low early diagnosis rate,and the extreme low middile or late resection rate of pancreatic cancer,Pancreatic cancer's prognosis is poor.Therefore,improving the early diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer has very important significance for improving the prognosis.Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is dependent on tumor markers detection to a great extent.And proteomics progress rapidly in recent years and has been widely applied in clinical research.It provides an effective way to find markers.Among all of the spec imens,secrum is easy to obtain,and it allows repetitive detection.What is more,secmm is also renewable.So it is the most ideal for biological specimens.In this review,the proteomics technology role in pancreatic cancer patients serum detection were summarized.