Osteoprotegerin(OPG) ,receptoractivatorofNF -?Bligand (RANKL)andreceptoracti vatorofNF -??(RANK)areimportantmoleculesthatregulateosteoclastogenesis .OPGisdecoyreceptorof RANKL .ThebindingofOPGandRANKLblocksconnectingofRANKLandRANK ,inhibitsdevelopmentof osteoclast.ThebindingofRANKLandRANKinducesaserieskinasecascadereaction ,activatestranscription factors,introducestheproliferationanddifferentiationofosteoclastprecursors .Severalhormonesandos teotropicfactorsregulatetheformationandfunctionofosteoclastthroughtheabovemolecules .

Bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma is crucial to the disease diagnosis,staging,treatment options and prognostic evaluation.Although bone marrow biopsy is the main detecting method,it has high false negative rate.At present,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET-CT) technology which is integrating morphological characteristics with metabolic function provides a new way for the diagnosis,staging and prognostic evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma due to its advantages of high sensitivity,high specificity and functional image.

Objective To investigate the effects of 17?-estradiol (E2) on the gene expression of typeⅠA bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-ⅠA) and core-binding factor alpha 1 (Cbf?1) in rat bone marrow stromal cells exposed to the differentiation medium and to elucidate the effects of E2 on osteoblastogenesis. Methods Adherent bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in differentiation medium containing DEX (10 -7 mol/L), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10 -9 mol/L) and different concentrations of E2. Effects of different concentrations of E2 on the gene expression of BMPR-ⅠA and Cbf?1 was quantified by RT-PCR based on the comparison with an internal reference, ?-actin expression, and identified by Northern blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells was detected. Contents of type Ⅰ collagen were determined by Van Gieson staining. Results E2 could evidently inhibit the expression of BMPR-ⅠA and Cbf?1 mRNA during the differentiation process of bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. These were confirmed by Northern blotting. The ALP activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, but the amount of type Ⅰ collagen decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion E2 can significantly inhibit the gene expression of BMPR-ⅠA and Cbf?1 in bone marrow stromal cells and inhibit osteoblastogenesis in vitro.

AIM:To investigate the effects of 17?-estradiol (E_2) on the gene expression of typeⅠA and typeⅠB bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-ⅠA,ⅠB) in rat bone marrow stromal cells exposured to the differentiation medium and to elucidate the effects of E_2 on osteoblastogenesis. METHODS: Adherent bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in differentiation medium containing DEX(10 -7 mol?L -1 ) and 1,25(OH)_2D_3 (10 -9 mol?L -1 ) and different concentrations of E_2. The gene expression of BMPR-ⅠA,ⅠB was quantified by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: E_2 evidently inhibited the expression of BMPR-ⅠA mRNA in bone marrow stromal cells.The suppression was dose-dependent. When examined under various concentrations of E_2 (0-10 -6 mol?L -1 ),the expression of BMPR-ⅠA mRNA were decreased from (25.7?2.5)% to(16.3?1.5)%( P

A themostable intracellular β-galactosidase from a thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus was purified by a combination of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, ion-exchange (DEAE-22)and gel filtration (Sephades G-75). The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme acivity were 60Cand pH6.4 respectively. The β-galatosidase activity exhibited thermosttability at 50 C. The enzyme was significaantly activated by alkali and alkali-earth metal ions. The activity was inhibited by Zn2+ 、 Fe3+ 、 Cu2+Reducing agents enhanced β- galactosidase activity. Thiol-binding agents drastically decreased the enzyme activity. The enzyme was specific for β-D glycosidic linkages,and the identity of the aglycone moiety also influenced enzyme activity. At 55Cthe Km for O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactosidase (ONPG)and lactose were 2. 63mmol/L and 4.39mmol/L, respectively,and Vmax for both substrates were 1.93 × 10-5mmol. min-1 mg-1protein6.54 ×105 mmol. min-1. mg-1protein,respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by glucose (the products of lactose hydrolysis,ki 2.47mmol/L),but not by galactose. In addition,the enzyme possessed transgalactosylation activity. Galacto-oligosaccharides,both tri- and tetrasaccharide,were involved in the products during lactose hydrolysi

Objective To explore the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and dyslipidemia in Chinese adults and to find out an optimal threshold of WHtR for predicting dyslipidemia.Methods A total of 221 270 adults from 4 health checkup centers nationwide were selected by using cluster random sampling method.Height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were measured.Body mass index (BMI) and WHtR were then calculated.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was analyzed and optimal cutoffs were estimated by maximizing the sums of sensitivity and specificity.Results WHtR showed the largest AUCs in the participants with higher TC,TG and LDL-C,followed by increased WC and BMI.In male and female,the optimal thresholds of WHtR,WC and BMI for predicting dyslipidemia were 0.49-0.50 and 0.47-0.49,83-85and 73-76 cm,and 24-25 and 22-23 kg/m2,respectively.Conclusion WHtR may be superior to WC and BMI for predicting dyslipidemia,and an unisex cutoff of 0.5 should be recommended.

Objective To study the psychological status of patients having undergone eyeball enucleation,and put forward the corresponding strategy for psychological nursing.Method The symptom checklist-90(SCL-90)was used to investigate their psychological status after eyeball enucleation.Result The scores on interpersonal relationship sensitivity factor,depression factor, anxiety factor and terror factor(28?78±0?61),(40?76±0?65),(33?86±0?62)and(23?88±0?46),respectively.Conclusions Pertinent psychological nursing may help patients to eliminate the adverse emotional and psychological pressures,promoting them to develop a good state of mind,and return to the society better?

A themostable intracellular ? galactosidase from a thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus was purified by a combination of (NH 4) 2SO 4 fractionation,ion exchange (DEAE 22)and gel filtration (Sephades G 75).The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme acivity were 60℃and pH6.4 respectively.The ? galatosidase activity exhibited thermosttability at 50 ℃.The enzyme was significaantly activated by alkali and alkali earth metal ions.The activity was inhibited by Zn 2+ 、 Fe 3+ 、 Cu 2+ Reducing agents enhanced ? galactosidase activity.Thiol binding agents drastically decreased the enzyme activity.The enzyme was specific for ? D glycosidic linkages,and the identity of the aglycone moiety also influenced enzyme activity.At 55℃the Km for O nitrophenyl ? D galactosidase(ONPG)and lactose were 2.63mmol/L and 4.39mmol/L, respectively,and Vmax for both substrates were 1.93?10 5 mmol.min 1 .mg 1 protein6.54?10 5 mmol.min 1 .mg 1 protein,respectively.The enzyme was inhibited by glucose (the products of lactose hydrolysis,ki 2.47mmol/L),but not by galactose.In addition,the enzyme possessed transgalactosylation activity.Galacto oligosaccharides,both tri and tetrasaccharide,were involved in the products during lactose hydrolysis.

Object To study the origin, morphology and histology of Galla Cinnamomi Camphorae(GCC). Methods By the literature investigation and the survey in the production area, GCC was identified by microscopic technique. Results The origin and the medicinal part of GCC were defined. Conclusion GCC is the abnormal fruit of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl which has been infected by Exobasidium sawadae Yamada and formed with hymenium and fruit. The characters in morphology and histology of GCC provide the scientific reference of identification of the crude drug.

This article was aimed to study the impact on substance and energy metabolism by chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex among hypoglycemic diabetic mouse model, in order to explain the new hypothesis of the science connotation in nature and flavor of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Male Kunming mice were intraperitoneally injected with a large dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (170 mg·kg-1) to establish type 1 diabetes mellitus mouse model. Medication was given consecutively for four weeks. The enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect glucosekinase (GCK), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), adenylate kinase (ADK), fumarase (FUM), cytochrome C reductase (CCR), cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and other indicators. Enzymatic detection was used to determine the content of ATP coenzyme (ATPs), the content and ratio of NAD and NADH, the content of myocardial cell Na+-K+ ATP enzyme, as well as the content of ATP and ADP. The results showed that in the model group, the expression of PYGL was increased; and the expressions of GCK and PDH were decreased. It prompted that the source of glucose increased and the expelling of glucose decreased. The glucose level was increased. The COX expression was reduced and the respiratory chain was blocked. It regulated oxidative phosphorylation and the substrate phosphorylation level. It upregulated the expression of CCR, ATPs, NAD+, PGK, α-KGDHC and ADK. However, the expression of FUM was decreased. The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase was decreased significantly. At last, the metabolic disorders appeared. Mori Cortex aqueous extracts and the chemical split fractions significantly increased the GCK and PDH level in substance metabolism among diabetic mice. The levels of PYGL, α-KGDHC, PGK and acetyl-CoA were decreased (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). Meanwhile, it increased ATP and FUM, myocardial cell Na+-K+ ATP enzyme, and COX level in the energy metabolism (P < 0.05). It decreased the level of NAD+, CCR and ATPs (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). It was concluded that both the aqueous extracts and chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex can effectively improve the substance and energy metabolism disorders of diabetic mouse model. This effect may be related to the cold nature of Mori Cortex.