Objective To evaluate the root canal deviations in vitro teeth curved root with TF and Protaper instru-ments by cone beam computer tomography( CBCT) . Methods 40 teeth in vitro in the standard collection were ran-domly assigned to two groups, prepared with the crown-down method, the TF group ready to 0. 06/#25; the Pro-taper group ready to F2 . CBCT scans were taken to measure the mesial and distal thicknesses of the tube wall in vitro teeth before and after preparation. The root canal deviation and the rate of shaft center were measured with ref-erence to the formula proposed by Gambill. Results The TF group need less time in preparation and has more effi-ciency(P<0. 05) than the Protaper group; both TF and Protaper devices appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average, no instruments broken. Comparing the offset of the internal and external wall of root canal in 3, 5, 7 mm from the apex, the root canal deviation prepared by the TF group was less than the Protaper group, and its rate of axis center was greater than the Protaper group, closer to 1. Conclusion TF can maintain original root canal morphology in preparing curved root canal, also has higher efficiency;under the noninvasive condition, the root canal forming ability of preparation instruments can be evaluated by CBCT.

Objective To measure the changes of total factor productivity (TFP)of Zhejiang medical facilities for decision makers to promote their service efficiency.Methods Collecting the panel data of 2005-2010(four input indexes and five output indexes)from medical facilities in Zhejiang province and measuring with Malmquist index of DEA programs of DEAP2.1.Results The average annual TFP growth rate in the period is 2.0％.A further decomposition found that the average annual growth rate of technology progress is 1.8 ％,while that of technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency is only 0.2％respectively.In the meantime,no scale efficiency growth was found.Conclusion The average annual growth of total factor productivity of Zhejiang medical institutions is substantially low in the period,with technology recession found as well.To maximize productivity of the medical sector,the allocation and internal management should be strengthened to stimulate technical efficiency and scale efficiency while encouraging technology innovation.

β- N-Acetyl- D-glucosaminidase ( NAGase, EC3.2.1.52) is a composition of the chitinases and cooperates with endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase to disintegrate chitin into N-acetylglucosamine. Pacific White Shrimp (P. vannamei) NAGase is involved in digestion and molting processes. Some pollutants in seawater affect the enzyme activity causing loss of the biological function of the enzyme, which affects the exuviating shell and threatens the survival of the animal. The effects of acetic anhydride on the enzyme activity for the hydrolysis of pNP-NAG have been studied. The results show that acetic anhydride can lead to reversible non-competitive inhibition at appropriate concentrations, and the IC50 is estimated to be 9.0 mmol/L. The equilibrium constants have been determined for acetic anhydride binding with the enzyme and/or the enzymesubstrate complexes. Inhibition kinetics of acetic anhydride on the enzyme has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction. The results suggest that at pH 6.2, the action of acetic anhydride on the enzyme is first quick equilibrium binding and then slow inhibition. The microscopic rate constants have been determined for inhibition and reactivation. The results show that k + 0 is much larger than k - 0, indicating the enzyme is completely inactivated at sufficiently large modificator concentration.

Objective To explore the etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment for dengue fever according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Methods A retrospective case analysis was carried out in 257 dengue fever patients admitted in 2013 by Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The clinical data of pathogenic features, TCM symptoms and signs, and therapeutic regimen were collected and analyzed. Results Six commonly-seen TCM syndrome patterns for dengue fever were classified into disease involving both defensive system and Qi system, excessive heat in defensive system, summer-heat and dampness stagnating the middle-jiao or attacking the exterior, excessive heat in both Qi system and blood system, pathogenic factors lodging between diaphragm and pleura, and mixture of blood stasis and toxicity, and the corresponding prescriptions were Yinqiao Powder, Chaige Jieji Decoction, Xinjia Xiangru Decoction, Qingwen Baidu Decoction, Dayuan Decoction, Xijiao Dihuang Decoction, respectively. Conclusion The TCM syndrome patterns of dengue fever in Guangzhou area are characterized as excessive heat in Qi system, complicated with nutrient and blood system syndrome, and mostly are blended with dampness. Correspondingly, the therapeutic principles should be clearing heat and removing toxicity in Qi system with cold-cool herbs, and assisting with cooling blood to clear heat in Qi system and removing dampness.

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of exfoliative cytology in chronic oral ulcers diagnosis.Methods To examined 107 cases of chronic oral ulcers which were difficult to determine the nature of the ulcer in exfoliaticve cytology,and compared postoperative histopathological results or clinical results,and made the final diagnosis with cytology.Results The qualitative diagnostic accuracy of cytology was 95.3％.The sensitivity and specificity for benign and malignant lesions was 94.6％ and 100％,respectively.False positive rate was 0,and false negative rate was 5.4％,and the coincidence rate of cytological examination with the final pathology was 67.0％.Conclusion Exfoliative cytology has important reference value in chronic oral ulcer diagnosis.It is characterized by simple,rapid procedure and less trauma.Doctors can develop next treatment plan based on the results of exfoliative cytology.

Object To study on the structure of sapogenins from pod of Gleditsia sinensis Lam Methods Pod of G. sinensis was extracted with solvents and the constituents in the extraction isolated, after hydrolised completely, with the aid of flash chromatography to obtain 2 gledgenins Results The structures of the 2 gledgenins were proved to be 3 hydroxy 12 oleanen 28 oic acid and 3, 16 dihydroxy 12 oleanen 28 oic acid respectively as shown by IR, NMR, MS and crystallographic data The structures were further verified by acylation, methylation and followed by reaction with 3, 5 dinitro benzoyl chloride Conclusion New crystalline derivatives were obtained to provide further evidence of their structures

It is to investigate the effect of two kinds of Houttuynia Cordata Injection on preventing and treating H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice. Pneumonia model was set up by intranasal infection of the normal and immunocompromised mice with influenza virus FM1 and PR8. The two injections were administered before and after the administration of virus, separately, and the lung index was observed. The results showed that the two preparations have obvious therapeutic effect on normal mice infected with influenza virus FM1 and PR8. And to FM1, the new injection's effect is better at small dosage. The results also showed that the two preparations have obvious prophylactic effect on immunodepressed mice infected with influenza virus FM1 and PR8. And to PR8, the old injection's effect is better at small dosage. Houttuynia Cordata Injection can improve the mice pneumonia caused by influenza virus H1N1 and decrease the lung index markedly. It has a remarkable preventive and therapeutic effect on H1N1 influenza virus in mice.

BACKGROUND:Domestic and international studies have confirmed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s could be induced to differentiate into islet-like cel s, but little is reported about the changes of insulin and nestin expressions during the differentiation phase. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of insulin and nestin expressions during the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s into islet-like cel s. METHODS:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s were cultured using UltraCULTURE medium in vitro. Stem cel s were cultured for three generations to observe cel morphological changes under an inverted microscope, to test immunophenotype by flow cytometry, and to identify the capacity of osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation. Induction protocol was divided into two stages. In stage 1, stem cel s were induced for 14 days in the UltraCULTURE medium with 4 nmol/L activin A, 25μg/L epidermal growth factor, 100μg/Lβ-nerve growth factor, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide. In stage 2, the cel s were cultured in the UltraCULTURE medium with 1%insulin-transferin-selenium, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 10μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor for an additional 14 days. The expressions of nestin and insulin in those differentiated cel s were tested by flow cytometry, and zinc ion expression in the islet-like cel clusters was identified by dithizone staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the differentiation process, the insulin level was increased gradual y in the induction group and reached a higher level on day 28, but the insulin expression showed negative in the control group. In addition, on day 14 of induced differentiation, the nestin expression reached the peak and then gradual y reduced along with the prolonged inductive time. On day 28 of induction, islet-like cel clusters formed and were positive for dithizone staining. In this experiment, the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s were successful y induced and differentiated into islet-like cel s, accompanied with the variation of insulin and nestin expression.

BACKGROUND:Previous tudies have shown that the anti-aging effects of stem cel s with lycopene are more significant, and can also significantly improve the aging body immune function.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-aging effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s combined with lycopene on the aging beagles.
METHODS:Sixteen aging beagles (6-7 years old) were randomly divided into two groups:aging control group and aging treatment group;young beagles (3-4 years old) were chosen as young control group. In the aging treatment group, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s combined with lycopene was given;while in the other two group, an equal amount of DMEM/F12 cel culture medium and sunflower oil was given. Each dog's general conditions were observed regularly during the whole progress. The changes of superoxide dismutase,
malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase in the serum were detected at regular time of the whole process, and the structure changes of each organ were observed at 24 weeks of treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Before treatment, the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the aging control and treatment groups were lower than those in the young control group (P<0.05), while the malondialdehyde content was higher than that in the young control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant statistical difference between aging control and treatment groups (P>0.05). (2) For the aging treatment group at 24 weeks of treatment:the beagle fur became clearer and smoother, motility was strengthened, appetite became better;and the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum at 8 to 24 weeks of treatment increased significantly compared with before treatment (P<0.05), the activity of glutathione peroxidase significantly increased from 6 weeks (compared with treatment before, P<0.05), the malondialdehyde content decreased significantly from 4 weeks of treatment to the completion of the experiment (compared with before treatment, P<0.05). (3) After the experiment, the microscopic observation showed that compared with the aging control group, the tissues and organ structures of the aging treatment group were al clear, had no inflammatory infiltrates, no obvious necrosis and fibrosis lesions. These results were mainly consistent with the observations of young control group. The above results show that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s combined with lycopene therapy on the natural aging beagles may enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduce malondialdehyde content, and their combination also can repair tissue structures and promote the functions, which has obvious anti-aging effects.

BACKGROUND:At present, a great quantity of research has shown the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s for vascular restenosis. However, studies concerning their combined application to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with diabetes mel itus are presently lacking.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of combined application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mel itus.
METHODS:A dog model of vascular restenosis with diabetes mel itus was established by bal oon injury of femoral artery and intravenous injection of al oxan. After successful model induction, 22 dog models were randomly divided into three groups:model group (n=6), treatment with Chinese medicine (n=8), and combined treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and Chinese medicine (n=8). Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperation. Samples of vessels were taken to conduct pathomorphological observation and quantitative analysis of proliferation degree. Tissues, including heart, liver, kidney and pancreatic gland, were col ected to evaluate the safety of stem cel transplantation using hematoxylin-eosin staining at 8 weeks postoperation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels began to increase at 1 week postoperation in the Chinese medicine group and combined treatment group, at 4 weeks postoperation in the model group compared with preoperation (P<0.05). At al time points, serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were highest in the combined treatment group, but lowest in the model group (P<0.05). Quantitative analysis of vascular proliferation demonstrated that at 8 weeks postoperation, new intimal area, new intimal/medial areas and stenosis rate were highest in the model group, but lowest in the combined treatment group at 8 weeks postoperation (P<0.05). Safety assessment of stem cel transplantation showed morphological structures of the heart, liver, kidneys and pancreas were normal, no necrosis. In a word, the effects of the combined application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription were much pronounced in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mel itus rather than single therapy of Chinese medicine. It is a safe and effective treatment to prevent vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mel itus.