Following a brief introduction of relaxin family members, receptors and related signalling pathways,we review effects of relaxin on cardiovascular system,particularly,its anti-fibrotic action.The heart and vessels are target organs of relaxin.Recent studies have documented that the relaxin genes are upregulated in the diseased heart of humans and experimental animals.In several animal disease models,relaxin can reverse cardiac fibrosis.Relaxin may also indirectly promote myocardial regeneration and repair by suppressing fibrotic healing.Further research needs to focus on elucidating the exact mechanisms utilized by relaxin to induce these cardiac actions and translation of experimental findings to novel therapy of cardiovascular disease.

A survey and analysis were conducted at the end of 2002 of urban community health service institutions in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government so as to find out about the basie situation of community health service institutions across the country. The result indicated that by the end of 2002, the number of cities that had conducted community health service work reached 358. The coverage of community health services in cities of the prefecture level, areas under the jurisdiction of a city and cities of the county level was respectively 92. 1%, 80. 3% and 28.0% . 12 132 community health service institutions were set up in 2002, marking an increase of 31.6% as compared with 2001. The growth of community health services was fast and yet uneven in various regions. It is suggested that more efforts be made to strengthen community health services in medium-sized and small cities and improve the management of institutions and the system for statistical analysis of in-formation.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),the largest category of lymphoma,is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease entity.Immunophenotype,tissue microarray and molecular studies underline the extreme heterogeneity of DLBCL and suggest a subclassification of the tumor.This review summarizes the morphological,immunophenotypic,cytogenetic and molecular genetic features of DLBCL relevant to the precise prognostic previsions.

Eph,the largest subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptor, could be divided into two groups,EphA and EphB.Ephs play a role in the embryonic development and differentiation of the nervous and vascular systems. In recent years,a large number of ephrins and Ephs had been found to be overexpressed in numerous human tumors,and have relation to development and prognosis of cancers.Down-regulated of EphA3 and EphA7 in cancers,was attributed to the hypermethylaiton of CpG island in promoter region.

Objective:Ephs have been found to be over-expressed in numerous human tumors,and relate to the development and prognosis of cancers.The expression of EphA7 in colon cancer cell lines and primary colorectal cancers was detected.The role of EphA7 in the development of colorectal cancer was investigated. Methods:Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of EphA7.Methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing were used to examine the methylation status of EphA7.pEGFP-EphA7 plasmid was constructed and was transfected into HCT116 which lost the expression of EphA7.Gene chip was analyzed for the expression of genes between transfectant and mock cell. Results:Down-regulation of EphA7 was observed in cell lines of primary colorectal cancers,and the evidence of aberrant methylation was found in CpG island of EphA7 promoter.The methylation status of EphA7 gene was related to sex,differentiation and location of colorectal cancers.Some genes were up or down regulated in pEGFP-EphA7 transfectant. Conclusion: EphA7 gene may be involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.The hypermethylation of CpG island is an important mechanism leading to the down regulation of EphA7 in colorectal cancer.

When a section is divided into two or more sections in hospital,patients must be assigned to the new section along with all medical data.With SQL commands,data is transferred according to the patient's section division.This method is also fit for the case that the section is divided while the nursing unit is not.

14-3-3 protein is a highly conserved soluble acid family. Recent researches suggest that they play critical regulatory roles in cellular processes such as cellular mitosis,growth,differentiation,proliferation and death,etc.14-3-3sigma protein,one member of the family,expresses mainly in epithelial cells and has histological specificity.14-3-3sigma protein interacts with several signal transduction proteins,induces cell cycle arrest in G2 phase after DNA damage,and regulates cellular biological functions.Abnormal expression of 14-3-3? sigma protein is common during tumor transformation,which may be induced by p53 mutation or CpG island hypermethylation of promoter. It is closely related with the transformation,progress and prognosis of human malignant tumors.

Wnt gene family has been shown to encode the multifunctional signaling glycoproteins that are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of normal and pathologic processes,including embriogenesis,differentiation,and tumorigenesis.Recent studies have demonstrated that the Wnt-5a expression is frequently deregulated in various human cancers,which suggested that Wnt5a shuld be a good marker for progression and prognosis of tumor,but the role of Wnt-5a is controversial in different tumors.Here,we assemble evidence of possible relations between Wnt and various tumors.

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality in China.Invasion and metastasis of carcinotissue is one of the main reasons for the death of patients with gastric cancer.The mechanism of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis is very complicated,containing several immunomolecules and genes.Up-or down-regulated expression of these molecules in gastric cancer invasion and metastasis means that these immunomolecules and genes play some important roles in generation and progression of gastric cancer.In this review,we introduced the structure and function of these immunomolecules and genes,and their action during the course of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis.

Papillary carcinoma is one of the commonest tumors in the thyroid.The pathologic diagnosis of papillary carcinoma as well as follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid are based on the morphology observation hitherto.However,the diagnostic value of immunostaining for distinction among differentiated neoplasm of the thyroid was so far absent.With the identification of the special markers of lymphatic vessel endothelial cell by immunohistochemical method in the recent years,the rapid progress in the research of lymphangiogenesis of the tumors had been made.This article briefly reviewed the progress of the special markers of lymphatic vessel endothelial cell and vascular endothelial growth factors in the differentiated neoplasm of the thyroid.