Objective To report our experience of interventional procedure for arterial complications in post renal transplantation and to evaluate its clinical value.Methods In a retrospective analysis of renal transplantations in our center,52 cases of renal allograft artery abnormalities had taken angiography.Interventional procedure included transluminal angioplasty of arterial stenoses,treatment of arterial occlusion,and embolization of pseudoaneurysm.Results Renal allograft artery abnormalities included artery stenosis (n=21),artery thrombosis (n=13) and embolision (n=1),renal artery pseudoaneurysms (n=2),and decrease of renal artery flow (n=3).Of the 21 artery stenosis,2 grafts with artery stenosis were lost because the stenosis could not be corrected,and 3 with mild stenosis received no treatment.Another 16 accepted renal artery angioplasty (balloon dilation,n=12,and stent implantation,n=4).14 achieved long-term allograft function.1 graft was lost because renal function failed to recover.Restenosis occurred in one stent implantation,and lost the allograft function after secondary dilation.13 cases received thrombolytic therapy through artery catheter for thrombosis and 9 achieved long-term allograft function.Thrombolyses failed in 3 cases,and renal function failed to recover in 1 case.One pseudoaneurysm received stent implantation after embolization,and got a short-term allograft function.The other one received allograft excision.Conclusion Intravascular interventional therapy will be the first-line therapy for any indications of complication in post renal transplantation,and it can surely save the kidney in a majority of instances.

[Summary] The study summarized surgical cooperation key points during percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with radiofrequency in 60 cases, including preoperative preparation, intraoperative care, and maintenance and sterilization of instruments after the surgery.All the 60 operations were successfully completed, without complications such as intraoperative dural rupture and nerve root injury.Postoperatively, an instant relief of low back pain was obtained and the lower limb straight leg raising test showed negative immediately.The preoperative preparation and proficiency with special surgical skills are conducive to successful operation and improvement of surgical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effect of perfusion and preservation with intragraft dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ (DPP Ⅳ) catalytic inhibitor on pulmonary function after lung transplantation in rats. Methods Pure SD rats were divided into six groups. Syngeneic rats (SD to SD) served as donors and recipients. Orthotopic lung transplantation model was used. Grafts of control groups (CONI and CON2) were flushed and preserved in LPD-glucoae exposed to 18 h of cold ischemia before transplantation. Peak airway pressure (PIP), blood gas (PO2), wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) of CON1 group were analyzed at first day after transplantation. In CON2 group, the 7-day survival rate post-transplantation was observed. Experimental groups were divided into four sub-groups (EXP1-EXP4), and grafts were perfused and stored for 18 h with LPD-glueose plus DPPⅣ catalytic inhibitor. The pulmonary function was detected at 1st (EXP1), 3rd (EXP2), 5th (EXP3), and 7th day (EXP4) posttransplantation, respectively. Results The rats in CON2 were died at 7th day post-transplantation,and all rats in EXP4 group survived to the 7th day post-transplantation. As compared with CON1 group, PIP, W/D, MPO activity and MDA content were reduced (P<0. 01 or 0. 05), and PO2 increased (P<0. 05) in EXP4 group. The pulmonary function of DPPⅣ catalytic inhibitor-perfused grafts from 1 to 7 days was improved and all tested parameters were close to normal at 7th day.Conclusion Perfusion and preservation with an inhibitor of CD26/DPP Ⅳ enzymatic activity obviously reduced severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury and was beneficial to the rehabilitation of grafts'pulmonary function.

Objective To explore effect of Xylazine hydrochloride on Bama minipigs under general anesthesia. To emphasize safety consciousness of general anesthesia. To research cardiac main function and structure of normal Bama minipigs in preparation for the subsequent comparative medicine research. Methods 43 Bama minipigs, inject in post aurem muscles of neck with 5 mL of mixed drug conclude Xylazine hydrochloride (2 mL), Atropine Sulfate(1 mL) and Droperidol(2 mL) on each one. Echocardiography after general anesthesia. Observe induction and recovery time of anesthesia, anesthesia maintaining time, total check time and the others. Introduce the method of simple endotracheal intubation. Results Anesthesia, induction period (18 ±3)min, maintaining period (40 ±5)min, recovery period (60 ± 10)min. Echocardiography, LAD (2?54 ± 0?20) cm, LVDd (3?41 ± 0?25) cm, LVDs (2?28 ± 0?23) cm, IVSTd (0?60 ± 0?07) cm, LVPWTd (0?59 ± 0?07) cm, AoD (1?77 ± 0?18) cm, EDV (48?59 ± 8?31) cm, ESV (18?28 ± 4?46) mL, SV ( 39?30 ± 5?16 ) mL, LVEF ( 62?76 ± 5?01 )%. Conclusions Intramuscular injection of xylazine hydrochloride with droperidol and atropine sulfate on bama minipigs for general anesthesia is a highly conserved specie in cardiovascular system and safe. We obtained some information of cardiac main function and structure of normal Bama minipigs which could provide reference for scientific research and veterinarian clinic.

BACKGROUND: Biliary tract complications are one of the most common postoperative problems after liver transplantation.Balloon dilation and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has become an effective method to improve biliary complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the balloon dilation and PTBD in the treatment of biliary stricture after OLT through case follow up.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A total of 53 consecutive patients underwent interventional procedures to treat biliary stricture after OLT in the Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from July 1999 to March 2007 and were recruited for this study. The series included 46 men and 7 women, with 17-64 years of age. After OLT transplantation, all patients had abnormally elevated serum bilirubin level, and confirmed to suffer from obstruction of biliary tract by CT or MRI examinations.METHODS: Of 50 patients who received PTBD treatment, 36 underwent PTBD through right bile duct, 14 underwent bilateral (right bile duct and left bile duct) PTBD with 6 patients through left bile duct in the second treatment. A total of 13 underwent balloon dilation, and 3 were subjected to balloon dilation alone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An averaged 9.6 months of follow up was performed in 53 patients to observe obstructive jaundice recurrence induced by abnormally elevated serum bilirubin level after percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventional procedures.RESULTS: Follow up results showed satisfactory clinical outcome with obstructive jaundice resolved in all patients, except one patient, who received treatment with T tube, died of acute rejection at month 1 during the follow up, and one patient with liver failure had extremely poor prognosis after discharge at month 1 during the follow up. Obstructive jaundice was recovered even healed and serum bilirubin level was decreased to normal level in 51 patients at the end of follow-up. Primary success rate was 79% (42 in 53 cases), and assisted success rate was 21%. The first interventional procedure failed to treat obstructive jaundice in 5 patients. Obstructive jaundice recurred after primary percutaneous procedure in other 6 cases. No procedure related severe complications happened.CONCLUSION: Balloon dilation and PTBD are safe to treat biliary tract complication after OLT, without complication.

Objective To study the anatomic characteristics of the infraorbital ethmoid cells on muhislice CT(MSCT)and explore the relationship between the infraobital ethmoid cells and mueosal swelling of sinuses.Methods Two hundred sixty patients(520 sides) of consecutive axial scans by GE HisDeed VCT and the multiplunar reformation(MPR),virtual endoscopy(VE)reconstruction images by GE AW 4.2 workstation were reviewed retrospectively.The following CT features were assessed:(1)the anatomic characteristics of the infraobital ethmoid ceils,including the frequency of identification,origin,classification.(2)presence of mucosal swelling of sinuses,(3)the maximal transversal diameter of the inflraobital ethmoid cells in ostium of maxillary sinus(perpendicular to the uncinate process),and the diameter of the ostium of maxillary sinus,(4)presence of infraobital ethmoid ceils inflammatory findings and a contact between the mucosal surface of the ostium of maxillary sinus.The results were analyzed by using Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis with the statistical software SPSS 11.5.Results (1) UniLateral infraobital ethmoid cells were f10und in 68 patients(26.1%),and bilateral infraobital ethmoid cells were found in 81 patients(31.2%).Infraobital ethmoid ceHs were found in 230 sides on left Bide (120 sides)and right side(110 sides).(2)Infraobital ethmoid cells originated from the anterior ethmoid cells in 124 sides(53.9%)and from posterior ethmoidal cells in 62 sides(27%),originated from both the anterior ethmoidal cells and the posterior ethmoidal cells in 44 sides(19.1%).(3)The classification of the infraobital ethmoid cells included three types.Infraobital ethmoid cells with different origination differed significantly in theirtypes(x2=193.433,P<0.01).Most ofthe infraobital ethmoid cells originated from tlle anterior ethmoidal cells were type Ⅰ(160 sides),while the type Ⅱ(48 sides)and Ⅲ(45 sides) frequently originated from the posterior ethmoidal ceHs(4)The mueosal swelling of sinuses,were found in 165 sides in presence of infraobtial ethmoid cells and 192 sides in absence of infraobtial ethmoid cells.The presence of infraobtial ethmoid cells had no effect on mucosal swelling(X2=1.824,P>0.05).The maximal transversal diameter of the infraobital ethmoid cells in ostium of maxillary sinus did not differ significantly between the cases with or without mucosal swelling of sinuses(t=0.273,P>0.05).and the diameter of the ostium of maxillary sinus were not significantly related with mucosal swelling of sinuse8 (Wald=2.534,P>0.05).Presence of infraobital ethmoid cells inflammatory findings (Wald=10.817. P<0.01,OR=4.125)and a contact between the mucosal surface of the ostium of maxillary sinus (Wald= 6.640,P<0.01,OR=3.728)were significantly related to mucosal swelling of 8inuses. Conclusions (1)MSCT scan could clearly demonstrate the detailed information of infraobital ethmoid ceIIs.(2)The presence of infraobtial ethmoid cells Was not a risk factor for chronics sinusitis. When we assess inflraobtial ethmoid cells as a possible etiologic factor in chronics sinusitis we should observe presence of infraobital ethmoid cells inflammatory findings and a contact between the mucosal surface of the ostium of maxillary sinud.

Objective To analyze the occurrence of infections relative to percutanous biliary drainage(PTBD)or stenting for malignant obstructive jaundice and explore the therapy and prevention. Methods 181 patients(130 male and 51 female; median age 64.5 years old)with malignant biliary obstructive jaundice were investigated including 81 hepatobiliary cancers,42 pancreatico-ampullae tumors,58 gestro-intestinal portal lymphatic metastasis. All cases accepted PTBD or placement of metallic stents and the perioperative complications were recorded and analysed including the occurance and treatment. Results All cases accepted PTBD or stenting successfully. The perioperative biliary infection was the major complication including 50 out of 62 preoperative infected cases(34.25%). 18 cases(15.13%)suffered from biliary infection after operation with 13 under control,5 without control,4 complicated with pulmonary infection and 17(9.39%)died of serious biliary infections. Gram-negative bacilli and endotoxin were the main cause of the severe biliary infection. Postoperative mild pancreatitis occurred in 65 cases(35.91%)without severe necrotic changes and were cured after anti-inflammatory treatment. Hepatic abscess due to biliary leak occurred in 1 case(0.55%),and was cured by CT-guided drainage. Conclusion Biliary infection is the most common complication after interventional therapy and should be promptly under control for preventing mortality and prolonging survival. Simultaneously,acute pancreatitis should also be on alert but good prognosis would be obtained with apt therapy.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16: 693-695)

Objective To investigate the correlation between relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and tumor character of meningiomas. Methods Thirty-six (GradeⅠ: n=30, GradeⅡ+Ⅲ: n=6) patients with meningioma underwent conventional MR and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) . The pulse sequence of PWI was single shot GRE-EPI-T2~*WI. The CBV maps were calculated from the original data of perfusion images and the maximum rCBV of meningiomas was acquired from CBV maps through measurement on the region of interest (ROI). The differences of rCBV in tumor and edema between benign and malignant tumors were analyzed. Results The mean rCBV in tumor of benign meningioma (9.78±4.69) was higher than that of malignant ones (3.59±0.28) (t=7.168, P<0.001). The mean rCBV in edema of benign and malignant meningiomas was 3.06±1.76 and 3.58±1.93, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion CBV map and quantitative study of rCBV are feasible for differential diagnosis of meningiomas and have instructive function for clinical treatment and assessment of prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 21 patients with unstable atlas fractures treated by minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach from June 2008 to June 2014.There were 15 males and 6 females,at age of (40.9 ± 10.6)years (range,21 to 57 years).Anterior 1/2 Jefferson fractures were seen in 12 patients and 1/2 ring Jefferson fractures in 9 patients.Preoperative visual analogue score (VAS) was 4-9 points [(7.6 ± 1.3) points].Before operation,degree of mobility of the cervical vertebra was (15.4 ± 3.9) °in bending,(10.8 ± 2.5) °in extending,(18.3 ± 3.1) ° in left-bending,(18.9 ± 2.7) ° in right-bending,(21.8 ± 5.8) °in left-rotation and (22.4 ± 4.6) ° in right-rotation.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,VAS,cervical mobility and bone healing were detected after operation.Results Operation time was (86.3 ±25.3)m in,and intraoperative blood loss was (120.5 ± 33.3)ml.VAS was improved to 0-2 points [(1.6 ± 0.4) points] at postoperative 3 days (P ＜ 0.05).All patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months[(23.7 ±5.9) months].VAS was improved to 0-2 points[(0.6 ± 0.1) points] at postoperative 3 months (P ＜ 0.05).Degree of mobility of the cervical vertebra was improved significantly at postoperative 3 months,with the bending of(38.6 ± 4.5) °,extending of (39.3 ± 4.0) °,left-bending of (39.2 ± 4.0) °,right-bending of (39.2 ± 2.9) °,left-rotation of (66.8 ± 8.8) ° and right-rotation of (66.3 ± 9.2) ° (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperatively,there were no surgical wound incision infections and vertebral artery or spinal injuries,Bone union was found in all patients,without the occurrence of implant loosening or breakage and the dysfunction of the cervical vertebra.Conclusion Minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach is associated with less trauma,high healing rate and preservation of the activity of cervical vertebra in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.

Objective To study the plasma TNF-α and endothelin (ET) levels in patient with subarach-noid hemorrhage(SAH). Methods The plasma TNF-α and ET levels were measured by ELISA and radioimmunity at 1,3,7,14 and 21 d after onset of SAH in 45 patients. Results The plasma TNF-α and ET levels in patients with SAH were higher than the normal controls(P<0.01),among which the highest levels appeared at 3 d and 7 d,and the levels of plasma TNF-α and ET in patients with SAH were decreased at 14 d. Those of high Hunt-Hess grade～groups was higher than those of lower grade～groups(P<0.01). Conclusion The plasma TNF-α and ET levels are significantly elevated in the patients with SAH,which suggests that TNF-α and ET may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAH,and which suggests that is one of the possible ways to prevent and treat cardiovascular spasm (CVS) after SAH by inhibiting TNF-α and ET.