Through thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, especial the effects of immune cells and cytokines, the article is designed to find out multiple ways to reduce GVHD and reserve or enhance GVL effect. Many kinds of cytokines are involved in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of GVHD and GVL effect. Different cytokines have different effects on GVHD and GVL effect. Immune cells play important roles in regulating GVHD and GVL effect. Studies shows that some cytokines and specific immune cells are able to reduce GVHD, as well as reserve or enhance GVL effect at the same time, which make the separation of GVL from GVHD can be achieved. On the whole, through thorough understanding of the mechanism of immune cells and cytokines in GVHD and GVL effect, we can find out multiple ways to reduce GVHD, as well as reserve or enhance GVL effect.

Objective To investigate the immune effect and the security after inoculating rabies vaccine in children. Methods To investigate and to detect the antibody level by the way of ELISA among the 337 children wounded by animals and vaccined the rabies vaccine. Results The positive rate of the antibody is 99.7%, the ad-verse effect is moderate. Conclusion Domestic adjuvant-free aqueous rabies vaccine, domestic freeze dried rabies vaccine and peregrinus freeze dried rabies vaccine all have satisfactory immunogenicity and little adverse effect.

To explore the clinical efficacies of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the recovery of cognitive function in stroke patients on hemodialysis.Forty stroke patients on hemodialysis were assigned randomly into hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) (n =20 ) and routine therapy groups (n =20).Patients of HBO group received both hyperbaric oxygen therapy and routine therapy.Nerves functions and cognitive function were observed before and after therapy to compare the clinical outcomes.Neuropsychological tests,minimental status examination (MMSE) and activities of daily living (ADL) were used for assessing cognitive function.Then the outcomes were compared with those of the control group.Nerves function and cognitive dysfunction of the treatment group had significant improvement (P ＜ 0.01).Hyperbaric oxygen can significantly improve cognitive dysfunction in stroke patients on hemodialysis.

Objective To evaluate the repair of abdominal complicated incisional hernia using acellular dermal matrix (ADM).Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 7 cases with abdominal complicated incisional hernia treated by ADM in our hospital from January 2008 to June 2010,among them there were 4 males and 3 females.Age ranged from 43 to 83 years and the median age was 53 years.Two concurrent indirect inguinal hernia cases were repaired and concurrent gastrointestinal tract problems including 2 small bowd fistulas were operated one stage in 5 cases.Mean diameter of hernia ring was ( 11.6 ± 2.8 ) cm,ranged from 9.2 to 16.5 cm.5 cases were repaired by using intraperitoneal onlay mesh,others using total extraperitoneal prothesis.Results All patients were operated on successfully.Average time was (33 ±12) min.Blood loss was (16 ±4) ml.Hospital stay was 7 - 12 d.7 patients repaired by ADM fully recovered.There were no chronic pain,paresthesia,pneumonia and urinary tract infection cases,no incision swelling,seroma or infection.All patients were followed up with median time of 14 months,ranging from 5 to 26 months.There were not hernia recurrence,nor surgical site infection during follow-up period.Conclusions For the repairing of abdominal complicated incisional hernia,the application of acellular dermal matrix is safe and effective method especially in those of incisional hernia complicated by infection.

Objective:To investigate whether the increased plasma fibrinogen level is an independent predictor of cardiogenic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).Methods:Ninety-eight patients with NVAF hospitalized for cardiac causes were evaluated,and 24 of them had a history of ischemic stroke.The relationship between fasting plasma fibrinogen level and ischemic stroke were analyzed.Results:After adjusting traditional cardiovascular risk factors.the patients with NVAF who had the history of ischemic stroke were significantly older than those without(mean [SD] age 73.6 [8.4]vs.69.1[10.3] years,P=0.017).1he prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher(83.3%va.66.2%,P=0.011).The proportion of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction was significantly higher(63.1% vs.45.9%,P=0.006),and plasma fibrinogen level increased significantly (mean [SD] 365 [108]vs.312[82] mg/dL,P=0.008).Conclusions:Plasma fibrinogen level is independently associated with a history of ischemic stroke in older patients with NVAF hospitalized for cardiac causes.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) resulted from the injury of joints and postoperation of joints is commonly observed. Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA) has been considered as effective method for OA. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of intra-articular injection of NaHA on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cartilage of traumatic OA induced by transection of anterior cruciate ligament. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan Uni ersity. MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Laboratory of Depart ment of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University from April to December 2003, in which, 16 clean healthy flat-eared white rabbits, aged 5-6 months were employed. The rabbits were randomly divided into Na- HA injection group and saline control group with 8 rabbits in each group. Na-HA (2000, No 366095) was provided by Shanghai Jiahua Fine Biologi- cal Products Co. METHODS: ①OA model was established in rabbits of the two groups. Each rabbit was anesthetized intravenously with 1.0 mg/kg ketamine hy- drochloride and underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection. ②5 weeks after transection, Na-HA injection group rabbits received 0.3 mL of intra-articular 10 g/L Na-HA injection, once a week for 5 weeks. Ani mals in saline controlled group were treated with saline of the same vol ume. ③The rabbits were killed at week 10 after operation, general morphology and histopathological changes of articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle were evaluated (0 points as smooth articular surface with normal color and luster; 1 point as minimal fibrillation or a slight crevice and dark grey color of the surface; 2 points as erosion extending into superficial or middle layers of cartilage; 3 points as ulceration and erosion extending into the deep layers, and 4 points as denudation of cartilage, erosion extending to the sub-chondral bone). The mRNA expression of iNOS in cartilages was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Observation of articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle, ②observation of articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle at light microscopic level, ③expression of iNOS in cartilages of each group. RESULTS: A total of 16 clean healthy rabbits entered the result analysis. ① Result of articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle: Pathological change of articular surface of femoral condyle was observed under anatomic microscope. Cartilage degradation in experimental group was significantly less severe than that in saline control group. ②Histological changes of articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle at light microscopic level: The Na-HA injection group showed cartilage changes: Membrane of cartilage presented denaturalization and abscission. Chondrocytes of superficial zone presented denaturalization, necrosis, turbulence and erosion. Animals treated with saline showed denaturalization, necrosis and disorder of chondrocytes, ulceration penetrating into the middle or deep zone of the cartilage. New hyperplasia of capillary vessels and fibroblasts were more obvious. Proliferation of fibrous tissue appeared at the bottom of ulcer. ③Expression of iNOS in cartilages of two group:The gene expression of iNOS in cartilage of Na-HA injection group was(1.09±0.18) and the expression of saline control group was (1.26±0.23). Nosignificant difference of iNOS expression was found between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Intra-articular injection of Na-HA has protective and repairing effect on cartilage with early OA and can significantly reduce the severity of cartilage degradation during early stage of traumatic OA. Intra-articular injection of Na-HA does not down-regulated iNOS expression in cartilage.

Objective To assess the value of CTA and DSA in neurovascular diseases.Methods 20 cases with suspected neurovascular disorders who received CTA and DSA examination between March 1999 and August 2000 were retrospectively collected.The sensitivity,specifility and accurate rate of CTA were analysed compared with DSA as gold standard.Results In 20 cases,neurovascular disorders were found in 17 on CTA.18 lesions were detected,including 6 aneurysms,9 arteriovenous malformations(AVM),2 carotid cavernous fistulae(CCFs)and 1 arterial stenosis.By contrast,19 lesions in 17 cases were detected by DSA,including 7 aneurysms,8 AVMs,2 arterial stenoses and 2 CCFs.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CTA in the detection of neurovascular disorders were 90.6%,95.2% and 90.6% respectively.Conclusion 3D-CTA is a new modality with high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of neurovascular disorders.As it can be obtained simply,conveniently and safely with mild injury to the patient,CTA can be used in the diagnosis of neurovascular diseases,especially in the AVMs.

Objective To study the content of interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and the altering pattern of erythrocyte immunity and T cell subgroup in the blood of outer circulation in the patients with cerebral glioma, and to expl ore their relationship and the clinical significance. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content o f IL-6. The immunoabsorption was employed to examine the erythrocytic immune ac tivity and its regulatory function. Streptavidin-Peroxidase (S-P) was used to determine the cell number of CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3), CD4, CD8. Results The content of IL-6 in the group with cerebral glioma i s significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The weakening of immune function is obse rved in the patients with cerebral glioma. Testing of the content of IL-6, eryt hrocyte immunity and the activity of T subgroup has important clinical significa nce in the occurrence, development, treatment, outcome and prognosis of the cere bral glioma.

In order to evaluate the effect of mitofusin-2 gene (mfn2) on proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in vitro, pEGFPmfn2 plasmid carrying full length of mitofusin-2 gene was transfected, by using sofast, into MCF-7 cells. Mitofusin-2 gene expression in MCF-7 cells transfected by sofast after 48 h was detected by PCR and Western blotting, and the stable expression of GFP protein in MCF-7 cells by Western blot analysis. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was assayed by MTT and cell counting. By using PI method, the effects of mfn2 on the cell cycle distribution of MCF-7 were measured. Annexin-V/PI double labeling method was employed to detect the changes in apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics before and after transfection. The results showed that the MCF-7 cells transfected with mfn2 gene could stably and highly express GFP protein. MTT assay revealed that after transfection of mfn2 cDNA, the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited. DNA histogram showed that cells arrested in S phase, and the percentage of S phase cells was 42.7, 17.2 and 19.6 in mfn2 cDNA transfection group, blank plasmid transfection group and blank control group, respectively (P<0.05). The apoptosis ratio of the cells transfected with mfn2 gene was increased from 3.56% to 15.95%, that of the cells treated with camptothecin (CAMP) followed by mfn2 gene transfection was 69.6%, and that in blank plasmid transfection group and blank control group was 31.0% and 23.4% respectively (P<0.05). It was suggested that transfection of mfn2 gene could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and promote their sensitivity to CAMP with a synergic effect.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*genetics ; Transfection

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R),determine the alteration of erythrocytic immunity and T cell subgroup in the blood of outer circulation in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage so and to probe into the relationship between them, and to explore the clinical significance. Methods Enzyme linked immnunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of IL-2 and sIL-2R. The immunoadsorption was employed to examine the erythrocytic immune activity and its regulating function.Streptavidin-peroxidase(S-P) was used to determine the cell number of CD3 (cluster of differentiation3), CD4 and CD8. Results The content of IL-2 in the group with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01), and the content of sIL-2R increased. Red blood cell C3b receptor (RBC. C3b R)and RBC immune adherence enhancing factor (RFEB) dropped greatly (P＜0.01), while RBC immune complex rosette (RBC. ICR) and RBC immune adherence inhibiting factor (RFIR) increased greatly. The cell number of CD3 and CD4decreased (P＜0.01) and there was no obvious change in CD8 (P＜0.05). Conclusion The decrease of immune function was observed in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. The determination of the content of IL-2, sIL-2R, erythrocytic immunity and the activity of T subgroup has an important clinical significance in the occurrence,development, treatment, and prognosis of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.