Papillary carcinoma is one of the commonest tumors in the thyroid.The pathologic diagnosis of papillary carcinoma as well as follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid are based on the morphology observation hitherto.However,the diagnostic value of immunostaining for distinction among differentiated neoplasm of the thyroid was so far absent.With the identification of the special markers of lymphatic vessel endothelial cell by immunohistochemical method in the recent years,the rapid progress in the research of lymphangiogenesis of the tumors had been made.This article briefly reviewed the progress of the special markers of lymphatic vessel endothelial cell and vascular endothelial growth factors in the differentiated neoplasm of the thyroid.

Sinusoid lining endothelial cell(SEC) of the liver is a group of cells different from vessel lining endothelial cells with high heterogeneity characteristics, it shows many biological functions in normal liver and plays a role in liver injury caused by acute and chronic liver diseases as well as fibrogenesis. Increasing attention has been paid to the capillarization in hepatocellular carcinoma in recently years, some studies showed that SEC is attributed to the formation of capillarization with changes of the immunophenotype, such as expression of CD34.The pathological study of SEC on liver disease was briefly reviewed in this paper.

Objective To study the rule of breaking Ferula fukanensis seed dormancy under low-temperature and content changes of endo-hormone.Methods The seeds were treated with stratification under 4 ℃ and germinated under 20 ℃.The content of endo-hormone,such as Z,GA_3,IAA,and ABA,was mensurated by HPLC.Results The seed germination rate achieved as high as 14% in 20 d and more than 60% in 40 d.Among breaking the seed dormancy,the content of endo-hormone was decreased gradually,while the rate of GA_3 and ABA was increased quickly in 10—20 d under 4 ℃ stratification.ConclusionThe stratification under 4 ℃ could break the seed dormancy.The rate of GA_3 and ABA is a pivotal factor of the seed dormancy.The endo-hormones IAA and Z have the significant effect on seed germination.

2-year-old cutting seedlings of Taxus cuspidata have a three- month-growth period fromMay to July and its peak occures in June. The experiment showed that 18% of light permeability and 17% of soil moisture are most suitable conditions.

Two peaks were present in the NRA annual curve of Panax quinquefolius. A high peak appeared in late April and a smaller peak occured in early July. It is important to apply N2 fertilizers just before the appearance of the two peaks. Experiment on the effect of different light and pH showed that higher NRA were formed at 4000 Lx and pH 4.3～6.0.

Objective To evaluate the curative effectiveness of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral lithiasis.Methods Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy was performed in 158 cases of ureteral calculi(163 sides)by using the Wolf F8/9.8 rigid ureteroscope and the EMS pneumatic ballistic lithotriptor from August 2002 to April 2006.The operation was carried out under intravertebral anesthesia.Under the irrigation with normal saline,the ureteroscope was advanced into the ureter.Then the ureteral stones were fragmented by pneumatic lithotripsy and removed.Afterwards,a further exploration of the ureter above the lesion was conducted and a double-J drainage tube was placed.Results The operation time was 15-90 min(mean,40 min).The total successful fragmentation rate was 96.9%(158/163),involving a success rate of 86.6%(13/15)for upper stones,96.9%(46/49)for middle stones,and 100%(99/99)for lower stones.The stone migration into the renal pelvis was encountered in 2 cases of upper ureteral calculi(treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy following a double-J tube placement)and in 3 cases after stone fragmentation(treated by stone expulsion with drugs or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy following a double-J tube placement).Ureteral perforation happened during the procedure in 3 cases(1.8%),requiring a double-J tube placement.No serious complications occurred,such as ureteral mucous avulsion or rupture and injuries of neighboring organs or vessels.No conversion to open surgery was required.Follow-up checkups for 1-38 months in 125 cases with B-ultrasonography or KUB film found no recurrence.Conclusions Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy is a safe,effective,and feasible technique for ureteral lithiasis.

Objective To evaluate the techniques of controlling renal pedicle and dealing with incisional wound of kidney during retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for kidney tumors.Methods 9 patients with kidney tumors underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery from December 2003 to January 2007.Renal artery was blocked incompletely with silicone tube and the tumor was resected using an ultrasound scalpel 0.5-1.0 cm distant from the tumors.Incisional wound of kidney was sutured with absorbable stitch combined with biological fibrin glue and hemostatic gauze.Results All the procedures were successful without any converting to open surgery.The operative time was 2-3.5 h(mean,2.6 h).The blood loss was 50-400 ml(mean,150 ml).No complications such as perioperative haemorrhage and urinary leakage occurred.Pathological examination confirmed renal clear cell carcinoma in 8 patients and angiolipoleimyoma in 1 patient.Incisional margins were all of negative tumor cell.9 patients were followed up for 4 to 36 months(mean,13 months),and showed normal renal function and no local recurrence and organ metastasis.Conclusions With the command of techniques of controlling renal pedicle and dealing with surface of wound of kidney,retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery is safe and effective.

Objective To study the death mechanism of LoVo cells transfected with retroviral vector carrying cytosine deaminase (CD) suicide gene(G1CEACDNa). Methods Plasmid G1CEACDNa was transferred into the LoVo cells using liposomes method. RT-PCR was performed to detect CD mRNA expression using the total RNA extracted with TRIzol reagent. After exposed to 5-FC (1mmol?L -1 ), the cell growth inhibition rate and the “bystander effect” were determined by MTT, the cell ultramicroscopic structure was observed by electron microscope, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results RT-PCR detection showed that there was 1.5kb band of CD product. The growth of the trasfected LoVo cells started to be inhibited after exposed 5-FC for 48h, and the inhibition rates at 72h,96h and 120h were 30%,50% and 80%, respetively.Electron microscope examination showed that there were apoptotic body. Meanwhile,a few cells showed necrosis alteration.Flow cytometry analysis showed that a few cells appeared apoptosis after exposed to 5-FC for 48h, the apoptotic rate and the necrosis rate at 72h and 96h were 23.8%, 35.1% and 20.4%, 26.0%, respectively. Conclusion The death mechanism of LoVo cells transfected with plasmid G1CEACDNa followed 5-FC treatment was involved in both necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis possibly was a mechanism of the bystander effect.