Objective:To Construct the eukaryotic expression vectors containing four different haplotypes DNA of human CIITA gene promoter IV.Methods:Four haplotypes(CG,CC,TG and TC)can be constructed based on two single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs)sites(G-944C and T-1350C)in promoter IV of human CIITA gene.The 487bp DNA fragments of CIITA promoter IV including the two SNPs were obtained by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)based on human genome DNA from the subjects with the CG/CG,CC/CC,TG/TG and TC/TC genotypes,which were TA cloned to pMD18-T Simple vectors and then were digested by restriction endonucleases Mlu I and Hind Ⅲ.After fragment recovery,those were ligated to four PGL3-Basic Vectors and four PGL3-Promoter Vectors respectively,which were digested by restriction endonucleases Mlu I and Hind Ⅲ as well.All recombinant plasmids were identified by sequencing.Results:Eight recombinant plasmids(CG-PGL3-Basic,CG-PGL3-Promoter,CC-PGL3-Basic,CC-PGL3-Promoter,TG-PGL3-Basic,TG-PGL3-Promoter,TC-PGL3-Basic,TC-PGL3-Promoter)containing four different haplotypes DNA of human CIITA promoter IV were obtained,whose sequences completely matched with the theoretical prediction demonstrated by sequencing.Conclusions:The eukaryotic expression vectors containing four different haplotypes DNA of human CIITA promoter IV are successfully constructed,and it lays the groundwork for the further study of different haplotype function.

Since the implementation of the Trial Measures of Degrees in Clinical Medicine in 1998,the application for clinical M.D.degree for in-service doctors has been considered as way of continued education for medical practitioners.To guarantee the quality of this education mode,Peking University Health Science Center adopted measures and achieved outcomes that are parallel to that of full-time M.D.programs.-service doctors at,This paper introduces the experience of PUHSC and proposes measures for MD program of in-service doctors in terms of quality control,informatization,etc..

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Jiejiu oral liquid on acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice.Methods Sixty Knming''s mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,sucralfate group(600 mg·kg-1),the dose of 25.0 g·kg-1 group,the dose of 12.5 g·kg-1 group and the dose of 6.25 g·kg-1 group of the Jiejiu oral liquid (n=10 each).Except for the normal control group,other groups were intragastrically administered with 95% ethanol to create the alcohol-induced acute gastritis model.The effect of pathological histology,injury of gastric mucosa,the mucosal NO,ET-1,TNF-α,IL-6 and PGE2 content of acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mouse were observed.Results The gastric mucosa in model control group appeared obvious bleeding,erosion,and flake ulcer.Compared with the model control group,the acute damage index of the Jiejiu oral liquid therapy groups were obviously reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The content of ET-1,TNF-α and IL-6 in the 25.0 g·kg-1 and the 12.5 g·kg-1 dose group of the Jiejiu oral liquid significantly decreased compared with the model control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The content of NO in the 25.0 g·kg-1 group of the Jiejiu oral liquid increased (P<0.05).Jiejiu oral liquid had no significant effect on the content of PGE2 (P>0.05).Histopathologic examination revealed Jiejiu oral liquid can reduce the shedding of gastric mucosa and inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusion The Chinese herbal mixture Jiejiu oral liquid has a protective effect on acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice.

BACKGROUND:Self-assembling short-peptide has been shown to be a kind of hovel nanometer biomaterial.Following culture combined with chondrocytes,self-assembling short-peptide can promote eell marex secretion,cell division and proliferation.and eell phenotype maintenance.For this reason,it has become a candidate for all ideal cell scaffold used for cartilage tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To observe the biological characteristics of rabbit articular chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional nanoscale self-assembling short.peptide KLD-12 hydrogel seaffold.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:An observational experiment was performed at the laboratory of Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology,Sichuan University between November 2007 and April 2008.MATERIALS:Nanoscale short-peptide KLD-12 with a sequence of Ac-KLDLKLDLKLDL-CONH2 was synthesized by Shanghai Biotech Company,China.METHODS:Chondrocytes were harvested from New Zealand rabbit articular cartilage by enzyme digestion.Following in vitro culture.chondrocytes of passage 3 were inoculated into 4 g/L self-assembling short-peptide KLD-12 solution at a density of 5x 109/L.Peptide gel formation was induced by phosphate buffered saline for three-dimensional culture.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Observation of chondrocyte morphology in the short-peptide hydrogel with inverted phase contrast microscope.②Detection of intracellular matrix secretion by toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry.③Measurement of mRNA expression levels of aggrccan,type Ⅱ collagen and type Ⅰ collagen in chondrocyte-seeded hydrogels by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:①The viability of chondrocytes digested and isolated from rabbit articular cartilage was over 95%.④Chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional short-peptide hydrogel maintained their round shape,proliferated actively,and aggregated in clusters.In addition.cartilage lacuna could be seen surrounding the clusters.③Both toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemistry results were positive.The mRNA expression levels of aggrecan and type Ⅱ collagen were increased with time.④Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results revealed that after 3 weeks of in vitro culture in the short-peptide hydrogel,chondrocytes maintained the capability to secrete aggrecan and to express type Ⅱ collagen.CONCLUSION:Self-assembling short-peptide KLD-12 three-dimensional hydrogel Call well inainrain the normal cellular morphology,function and proliferative capability of chondrocytes

Objective To study the urban elder people's cancer-spectrum in Chongqing from 1991 to 1998 in order to obtain the first-hand data and references for the prevention and the treatment of carcinoma in the seniles. Methods The data of population and death causes were collected with cluster sampling method in the communities of business, culture and industry in Chongqing. Their mortality rate, disease-specific mortality rate and the sequence of the death causes were analyzed. Results Their first death causes was cancer (mortality rate 811.95/105 persons, accounted for 21.25% of all death causes). The mortality rate of five cancers was as follows: lung cancer (282.45/105), esophagus cancer(119.47/105), liver cancer(108.41/105), stomach cancer (73.75/105) and intestine cancer (55.31/105). The prevalence of different cancer between male and female at different communiteis was different. Conclusions It is very important to strengthen the protection of the environment and advocate the healthy life mode in order to lower the mortality rate by cancer in urban seniles.

0.05). Conclusion The polymorphism of G-944C in CⅡTA gene promoter Ⅳ was associated with the susceptivity of chronic HBV infection, but was not associated with severity of diseases. The individuals with chronic HBV infection of CC genotype are of less possibility to develop chronic liver disease than those of other genotypes.

0.05).The DNA content in samples of ITS group was significantly lower than that of FBS group on day 6(P

Chinese universities have similar requirement for the Doctor of Science Degree.The evaluation of the quality of doctoral education in basic science is generally based on the publication of SCI papers,which presents problems in addition to its appropriateness.With the development of society and the increasing demand for higher education,we need to explore various ways to promote the quality of doctoral education.

To meet the needs of society,the Academic Degrees Committee of the Chinese State Council set up a Medical Degree in 1998 to train senior clinicians.In order to reveal the influencing factors of the education quality of clinical medicine doctoral programmes,this paper used a questionnaire to evaluate the education experience of clinicians with clinical MD degrees of Peking University Health Science Center.

Objective To know the prevalence rate of hypertension and the rates of illness-awareness,medication and blood pressure control in Wenzhou. Method With random cluster sampling,1 034 residents aged≥15 yrs were selected from the communities of Wenzhou,and investigated with the standard questionnaires. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in Wenzhou was 38.97% and the standardized rate was 22.27%. Among the patients with hypertension,51.12% of them were aware,and only 40.69% of them took medication and 9.18% of them had their blood pressure controlled. Conclusion The prevalent rate of hypertension is higher,but the awareness rate,medication rate and controlling rate are lower in Wenzhou city. The comprehensive interventions are needed for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.