Objective Enterovirus 71(EV71) is one of the important etiologic agent for young children,which can cause various kind of diseases.EV71 can cause HFMD outbreak in a large scale and encephalmeningitis to death.This review introduced the research method and status of EV71 molecular epidemiology,examined and analyzed the evolution of EV71,summerized all genotype/subgenotype for EV71.the geographic and time distribution.

Objective To comparatively analyze the differences of contraceptive situation of artificial abortion women between urban area and districts and counties in Chongqing City to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the family planning service strategy.Methods The Women Baseline Qestionnaire of Family Planning Service Survey and Study after Abortion provided by the Scientific and Technical Institute of National Population and Family Planning Commission was adopted to survey the contraceptive situation among women receiving artificial abortion in the outpatient department of our hospital and distric and county hopstials during 2015.Results (1)The age and marital status had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05);(2)no contraceptive measures adopted and confraceptive failure were main reasons causing artificial abortion,and there was no statistic difference between the two groups(P＞0.05);(3)the contraceptive measures adopted after artificial abortion were dominated by IUD,short acting oral contraceptive and condom,in which the women selecting the long termcontraceptive measures such as IUD and subdermal implant in the distric and county group was larger than that in the urban group,while the number of the women selecting the short term contraceptive measures such as condom and short term contraceptive drugs in the distric and county group were higher than those in the urban area group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The main reasons causing ar tificial abortion are low use rate of contraception measures,low efficiency of contraceptive modes,fluke minds existence or lack of understanding of contraceptive methods.But in general,the population selecting high efficiency contraceptive measures in the urban group is lower than that in the distric and county group.

AIM:To observe the contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill(Radix Rehmanniae praeparata,Rhizoma Dioscoreae,Fructus Corni,Rhizoma Alismatis,etc.) from different manufacturers and explore their effects on quality of Liuwei Dihuang Pill.METHODS:Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill were determined by HPLC-PAD method using Kromasil C_ 18 column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) as chromatographic column,methanol-water-phosphate(88∶12∶0.02) as the mobile phase at the rate of 1.0 mL/min.RESULTS:6.462-0.718 ?g of ursolic acid and 3.132-0.348 ?g of oleanolic acid presented a good linear relationship.The average recoveres were 99.73% and 97.59%,RSD were 1.5% and 1.7%,respectively.There were significant differences in the contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill from four different manufacturers.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and feasible to set up determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill by HPLC-PAD.Although the contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have significant differences in different manufactures,the results show good consistency in the content variation of the two acids.

Enterovirus ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Humans ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

Objective : To investigate the effect of aluminum exposure on expression of miR-497-5p, wingless murine breast cancer virus integration site family member 3a (Wnt3a), β-catenin protein, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) protein and tau protein in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, so as to provide insight into unraveling the mechanisms underlying aluminum exposure-induced abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to Al(mal)3 at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L for 24 h. The viability of PC12 cells was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The relative expression of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a was detected using a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, P-GSK-3β (Ser9), tau and p-tau (Ser396) proteins were determined using Western blotting. Results : The viability of PC12 cells appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=323.473, P=0.001). RT-qPCR assay detected that the relative miR-497-5p expression appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=14.888, P=0.031), and the relative Wnt3a expression appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=165.934, P<0.001). The miR-497-5p expression negatively correlated with the relative Wnt3a expression (r=-0.693, P=0.012). The expression of Wnt3a (Ftrend=357.656, P=0.001), β-catenin (Ftrend=208.750, P=0.001) and p-GSK-3β (Ser9) proteins (Ftrend=512.583, P<0.001) appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose, and the expression of GSK-3β (Ftrend=39.965, P<0.001), tau (Ftrend=277.929, P=0.006) and p-tau (Ser396) proteins (Ftrend=96.247, P=0.002) appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase of aluminum dose. Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-497-5p and GSK-3β expression and down-regulation of Wnt3a and β-catenin expression may be a mechanism underlying aluminum exposure-induced abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of magnetic attachment keepers on MRI images.Me-thods:In in vitro part,keepers of MAGFIT EX 400,MAGFIT EX 600 and MAGNEDISC 800 magnetic attachment systems were cast into standard root-caps with different alloy respectively,including nickel-chromium alloy and gold-palladium alloy,or not be cast for contrast.In in vivo part,volunteers with keepers in different position and amount were included.All the specimens and volunteers were imaged by a Siemens SONATA 1.5-T MRI scanner.Extent of the artifacts in every slice was measured.The magnitude of the artifacts and the distortion of the anatomic structures were compared.Results:All kinds of keepers being studied produced obvious MRI artifacts.The extent of MRI artifacts induced by MAGFIT EX 400 keepers,MAGFIT EX 600 keepers and MAGNEDISC 800 keepers are 158.94 mm,168.52 mm and 173.00 mm,respectively.The images of mental region,tongue,palate,jawbone and sinus were evidently obscured by artifacts in all cases.When keeper was put in the molar region,the keeper-related MRI artifact may obscure the imaging of brain,spinal cord.SE sequence with right-left frequency-encoding direction was more desirable in MRI for the patients with magnetic attachment keepers.Conclusion:Keepers of magnetic attachment system did induce obvious artifacts in MRI examination.

Objective To Summarize experiences in the treatment of serious injury of pancreas using damage control laparotomy. Methods Retrospectively analyze the choice of surgical method and follow-up treatments on 38 patients cured by DCL,who were in serious injury of pancreas. Results 12 cases(32%) were stanched, surgical debrided and drainage quickly,6 cases(16%) were treated with improved Cogbill operation,and 20 cases(S3% ) were treated with pancreateduodenectomy without reconstruction of enteron. After recovery in SICU, all patients were treated with deterministic operation again. Totally 4 cases(11%) died,with no relation with surgical operation,and 34 cases (89%) were cured. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 4 patients(11% ) ,all of which have been cured with conservative treatment. Conclusion Patients with serious injury of pancreas in accordance with DCL, should choose proper method and take fractionated operation,based on different places and extent of the injury of pancreas.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of phenyl salicylate in compound titanium dioxide cream. Meth-ods:The HPLC assay was carried out on an Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column with methanol -water (78∶22) as the mobile phase. The sample was detected at 308 nm with a UV detector. The column temperature was set at 25 ℃ and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . Results:Phenyl salicylate could isolate from the other materials by HPLC. The linear range of phenyl salicylate was 59.460-198.200 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 5). The recovery was 101.84% with RSD of 0.64%(n=9). The content of phenyl salicylate in 3 batches of compound titanium dioxide cream was 107. 7%, 107. 5% and 109. 8%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, exclusive, accurate and sensitive, which is suitable for the determination of phenyl salicylate in com-pound titanium dioxide cream.

Objective:To evaluate visceral sensitivity,gut barrier function and autonomic nerve function (ANF) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D),and to explore their roles in IBS-D pathophysiology.Methods:A total of 46 IBS-D patients (IBS-D group) were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from October 2015 to March 2016,and 20 healthy volunteer were served as a control group (HC group).Clinical and psychological symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire,and visceral sensitivity to rectal balloon distention,gut barrier function and autonomic nerve function (ANF) were examined.The difference in the abovementioned indexes were compared between the 2 groups,and the correlations in the parameters were analyzed in the IBS-D group.Results:The scores of IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and visceral sensitivity index (VSI) were significantly higher in the IBS-D group than those in the HC group (P＜0.01).In the visceral sensitivity test,maximum tolerable threshold in the IBS-D group was significantly decreased compared to that in the HC group (P＜0.01);there was no significant difference in first sensation threshold and defecating sensation threshold between the two groups (P＞0.05).As gut barrier function markers,the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactate were significantly increased in the IBS-D group (P＜0.05).In ANF test,the total score and parasympathetic score as well as the proportion of abnormal scores in the IBS-D group were significantly higher than those in the HC group (P＜0.05).In IBS-D group,the HAMA,VSI and serum DAO were positively correlated with IBS-SSS (r=0.528,0.575,0.507;P＜0.01),while the 3 visceral sensitivity thresholds were negatively correlated with IBS-SSS (r=-0.636,-0.476,-0.697;P＜0.01);in addition to the IBS-SSS,the HAMA,HAMD,VSI and serum DAO were also significant negatively correlated with the visceral sensitivity thresholds (all P＜0.05);no significant correlations were found between the ANF and the other parameters.Conclusion:IBS-D patients show psychological symptoms,visceral hypersensitivity,impaired gut barrier function and abnormal ANF characterized by parasympathetic dysfunction;the former 3 factors are all associated with disease severity,and thus may play vital roles in IBS-D pathophysiology.

Objective To cast light on the mechanisms governing anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and to evaluate the minichromosomes maintain protein (MCM) 5 and MCM7 expression in human normal thyroid (NT),papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),and ATC samples,as well as in primary culture cells.Methods We tested the expression of MCM5,MCM7and PCNA in NT,PTC and ATC by immunohistochemistry.We used Western blot and Northern blot to test the expression of MCM5,and MCM7.ATC cells were transfected with MCM7 siRNA,and Western blot was used to examine the change of the expression of MCM7.Results In ATC samples,MCM5 had high expression in 65％ patients,and MCM7 had high expression in 73％ patients.The expression of MCM5 and MCM7 in NT and PTC samples were very low which can be ignored.In ATC cells,high MCM5 and MCM7 expression was paralleled by high levels of MCM2 and MCM6.Inhibition of MCM7 protein levels by small inhibitory duplex RNAs could reduce the rate of DNA synthesis in ATC cells.Conclusion MCM protein expression is upregulated in ATC and leads to excessive proliferation of ATC.