OBJECTIVE:To explore the necessity of pharmaceutical care provided by clinical pharmacists during the use of ad-vertised drugs. METHODS:Through retrospectively analyzing drug advertisements permission number of which had been revoked issued by China Food and Drug Administration during Jan. 2013-Jun. 2015 statistically,the reasons for permission withdrawal were analyzed to put forward the focal point of pharmaceutical care development. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:A total of 46 items of permission number had been revoked,including 45 items of Chinese patent medicine (97.83%),1 item of western medicine (2.17%). The reasons for permission revoking mainly included overstating therapeutic efficacy without authorization,guaranteeing onset time,guaranteeing recovery in certain time,propagandizing drugs in the name of experts,etc. These drug advertisements sent relatively one-sided information so as to easily mislead patients and consumers to use drug irrationally. So,it is necessary to provide pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists about this kind of drug. The focal points of pharmaceutical care contain telling patients usage and dosage detailedly,and explaining possible ADR and relevant countermeasures;emphasizing different therapeutic efficacy,onset time and recovery time due to individual difference;strengthening prescription check and medication suitability ap-praisal,and so on.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of soluble β-amyloid protein (Aβ) oligomers on the expression levels of insulin signaling transduction cascades-associated proteins including insulin receptor ( InsR),insulin receptor substrate-Ⅰ( IRS-Ⅰ) and protein kinase B (PKB) of rat hippocampal neurons,and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in depth.MethodsSoluble Aβ oligomers (5 μl) were injected into the lateral ventriculus of the AD group by a microinjector under the stereotaxic apparatus.Normal saline solution ( NS,5 μl) was injected into the NS group in the same way,and the control group received the puncture without injection. It was repeated after 1 week and the behavior of all rats was evaluatedbyY-mazetestafter2weeks.Thenhippocampuswasremovedandunderwent immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of proteins associated.ResultsCompared with the other groups,learning and memory ability of the Aβ-treated rats were impaired.To be specific,the times of learning were increased and the times of memory were decreased. However,there was no significant difference between the NS group and the control group.Besides,the expression levels of InsR,IRS-Ⅰ,and PKB were decreased in AD group showing that a mean optical density of staining on these proteins ( InsR:0.12 ± 0.0l ; IRS-Ⅰ:0.14 ± 0.02; PKB:0.12 ± 0.03 ) was reduced in contrast with that in the NS group and the control group.Whereas there was no significant difference between the NS group (0.40 ± 0.02,0.39 ± 0.06,0.38 ± 0.03,mean difference:- 0.13,- 0.13,- 0.17,all P ＜ 0.05 ) and the control group (0.38 ± 0.07,0.35 ± 0.03,0.35 ± 0.06,mean difference:- 0.15,- 0.07,- 0.73,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsSoluble Aβ1-42 induced learning and memory disability of the rats.The mechanism might be that Aβ can lead to disorders of the insulin signaling transduction pathway of hippocampal neurons and decrease the expression levels of the proteins in the pathway.

Objective To study the association between renal dysfunction and platelet parameters in elderly patients with early heart failure (HF).Methods 637 patients (350 old-aged and 287 middle-aged) with hypertension,CHD,T2DM admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 served as a disease group and 464 subjects (229 old-aged and 235 middle-aged) selected from the 973 Aging Project in September 2007-June 2008 served as a healthy group.Their eGFR and platelets (PLT) were calculated,their plateletcrit (PCT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were measured.Association between platelet parameters and renal dysfunction was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis.Results The MPV and PCT were significantly lower in the old-aged disease group than in the old aged healthy group (9.78± 1.45 vs 10.66±0.78,P＜0.01;19.79 ± 6.21 vs 21.82 ± 6.04,P＜0.01).The PLT and PCT were closely associated with the eGFR in two groups (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the median and high PLT in disease group and the median PLT in healthy group were independently associated with renal dysfunction (OR=0.560,95％CI:0.315-0.996;OR=0.480,95％CI:0.262-0.879;OR=0.483,95％CI:0.249-0.936,P＜0.05).Conclusion Attention should be paid to the effect of PLT and their functional activity on renal function in treatment of early HF patients because aging-induced change of PLT and their functional activity are associated with renal dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and to analyze the correlation of T2DM with its risk factors and serum insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels Methods A total of 78 hospitalized patients with T2DM at our hospital from November 2011 to March 2012 were divided into the cognitive impairment group (n=39) and the non-cognitive impairment group (n=39) according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores,and general clinical data were collected.Levels of blood lipids,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting blood insulin (FBI) and other biochemical indicators were detected,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated,and serum IGF-1 levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The education levle was (8.94±4.13) years for the cognitive impairment group and (12.65[2.50) years for the non-cognitive impairment group,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.004).HbAlc levels were (9.69 ± 1.25) and (7.96 ± 1.31) for the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group,respectively,and were statistically difference between the two groups (P =0.001).Serum IGF-1 levels were (122.60±11.56) mmol/L and (139.32±9.57) mmol/L in the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group,respectively,and had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =0.037).Additionally,compared with the non-cognitive impairment group,scores on visuospatial ability,naming,language,abstraction,delayed recall and orientation were lower in the cognitive impairment group (P＜[0.05 or 0.01).Moreover,MoCA scores were negatively correlated with TC,LDL-C,TG,HbAlc,FBI levels and HOMA IR (r=0.498,-0.411,0.414,-0.452,-0.449,-0.539,respectively,P＜0.05 for all),and positively correlated with education lcvcl and IGF 1 level (r=0.579 and 0.491,respectively,P＜0.05 for both) Conclusions Cognitive impairment caused by T2DM is prominent in visuospatial ability,language,memory and executive functions,and is closely related to poor education,poor glycemic control,dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.Furthermore,decreased serum IGF-1 levels might be a risk factor for diabetic cognitive impairment.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of magnetic attachment keepers on MRI images.Me-thods:In in vitro part,keepers of MAGFIT EX 400,MAGFIT EX 600 and MAGNEDISC 800 magnetic attachment systems were cast into standard root-caps with different alloy respectively,including nickel-chromium alloy and gold-palladium alloy,or not be cast for contrast.In in vivo part,volunteers with keepers in different position and amount were included.All the specimens and volunteers were imaged by a Siemens SONATA 1.5-T MRI scanner.Extent of the artifacts in every slice was measured.The magnitude of the artifacts and the distortion of the anatomic structures were compared.Results:All kinds of keepers being studied produced obvious MRI artifacts.The extent of MRI artifacts induced by MAGFIT EX 400 keepers,MAGFIT EX 600 keepers and MAGNEDISC 800 keepers are 158.94 mm,168.52 mm and 173.00 mm,respectively.The images of mental region,tongue,palate,jawbone and sinus were evidently obscured by artifacts in all cases.When keeper was put in the molar region,the keeper-related MRI artifact may obscure the imaging of brain,spinal cord.SE sequence with right-left frequency-encoding direction was more desirable in MRI for the patients with magnetic attachment keepers.Conclusion:Keepers of magnetic attachment system did induce obvious artifacts in MRI examination.

To determine the number average molecular mass of chitosan-oligosaccharide by u-sing the acetylacetone's method based on the color-producing reaction with amino terminal . Via the tests on the repetitiveness, accuracy and the stability, supposed this method was reliable. At the same time, the contrastive results of HPLC and the traditional K3Fe(CN)6 method indicate that the acetylacetone method was more suitable for the determination of chitosan-oligosaccharide molecular mass.

Objective: To prepare and characterize the polyclonal antibody against KIAA0649 and identify the localization and the functional motif of KIAA0649. Methods: Three polypeptides were synthesized based on the bioinformatics analysis of KIAA0649 protein. New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the mixture of the three KIAA0649 peptides coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH). The titer of the antisera was detected with ELISA. The antisera were purified with immuno-affinity chromatography when the titer reached 1:10~5. Western blot was performed with the purified antisera on the cell lysates of U2OS cells transfected with either Flag-KIAA0649 or KIAA0649-targeting siRNA. Immunofluorescence was performed with the purified antisera and anti-Flag antibody on the cells transfected with FlagKIAA0649. A series of Flag-K1AA0649 deletion mutants was constructed by PCR cloning. The cellular compartmentation of full-length Flag-KIAA0649 and its deletion mutants were analyzed with immunofluorescence. Results: The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the antisera from the KIAA0649 polypeptides-immunized rabbits specifically recognized endogenous and exogenous KIAA0649. The full-length Flag-K1AA0649 displayed specific nuclear foci. The Flag-KIAA0649 deletion mutant containing PENF motif showed the same nuclear foci as the full length of Flag-KJAA0649, suggesting that the PENF motif could be the minimum functional motif of KIAA0649. Conclusion: We have obtained anti-KIAA0649 polyclonal antibody which will be useful for further investigation. The PENF motifcould be the minimum functional domain of KIAA0649.

Objective To study the pro-invasive effect of irradiation on human glioblastoma cell line U87 and its possible mechanism.Methods Cultured U87 cells received different doses of irradiation (0,2,and 4 Gy).The change in cellular invasiveness was measured using the real-time cell analyzer system.The activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in U87 ceils were measured by gelatin zymography before and after irradiation.The content and distribution of intracellular β-catenin after irradiation were determined by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA levels of Wnt/β-catenin target genes were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Results After irradiation,the invasiveness of U87 cells increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),which was dose-dependent within a certain dose range; the activities of MMP2 and MMP9 in U87 cells increased significantly (P =0.031 for MMP2 ; P =0.004 for MMP9) ;the content of β-catenin in U87 cells increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),with translocation from the cell membrane and adherens junctions to the nucleus; the mRNA levels of Wnt/β-catenin-related genes (FZD7 and TCF1) increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),and the transcription of Wnt/β-catenin target genes,especially those related to migration and invasion such as MMP2,MMP7,MMP9,and CD44,was significantly enhanced (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Irradiation can promote the invasion of glioblastoma U87 cells,possibly by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and enhancing the transcription of migration-and invasion-related genes.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on mismatch repiar gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo. Methods A total of 42 healthy individuals underwent colonoscopy were enrolled in the study. Half an hour before colonoscopy examination, blood sample was taken for determining the serum estradiol (E2) level. N ormal colonic mucosal tissues determined by naked eye under colonoscopy examination were taken in the right hemi colon to detect HMLH1 and hMSH2 gene expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. Then the correlation of serum E2 levels with hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression in colonic mucosa was analyzed. Results A bimodal curve was presented for the correlation between serum E2 level in healthy individuals and hMLH1 expression in colonic mucosa. A strong positive correlation of E2 level with hMLH1 expression in normal colonic mucosa was observed when serum E2 level was more than 45 pg/ml (For mRNA, P=0. 003, r=0. 701; for immunohistochemistry positivity index, P=0. 000, r=0. 874).However there was no correlation between E2 level and hMSH2 expression. Conclusion High serum E2 level might increase the hMLH1 gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo.

Objective To investigate association between gene mutations of surfactant protein C (SP-C) exon Ⅱ and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods From January 2013 to December 2014 in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Military General Hospital,a total of 90 cases with NRDS were selected as NRDS group,and they were grouped into 3 subgroups,30 cases in each subgroup.Clinical data were collected by observation figures.A total of 90 cases without NRDS as control group were matched with NRDS group as for the gestational age (GA),gender and birth weight(BW).The study samples were from the clinically diagnosed venous sampling 1 mL,and genomic DNA was extracted with routine technique.After the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of sequencing was performed.Chromas software and Vector NTI Advanc software were used for analysis,the results were compared with the normal SP-C sequence of GenBank.Results Heterozygous missense mutations included c.115G ＞ T and c.139G ＞ C existed in exon Ⅱ of SP-C gene,which changed protein sequence.GT genotype frequency(0.067) of c.115G ＞T mutation in NRDS group was higher than that(0) in control group (x2 =7.283,P ＜ 0.05).With c.115 G ＞ T gene mutations in patients with NRDS,Ⅲ-Ⅳ grade chest changed and mortality was higher than that of control group.GC genotype frequency (0.067) of c.139G ＞ C mutation in NRDS group was higher than that(0) in control group (x2 =6.207,P ＜ 0.05).Among NRDS group,64 cases of cesarean section patients,GC genotype frequencies were lower than GG genotype frequency (x2 =9.276,P ＜ 0.01),55 cases of patients needed 3-4 PS pulmonary surfactant treatment,GC genotype frequencies were lower than GG genotype frequency (x2 =5.343,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Two heterozygous mutations were located in SP-C gene of exon Ⅱ in Chinese Han population of this study.These mutations have never been reported before.c.115G ＞ T of SP-C gene mutation is associated with pathogenesis and severity of NRDS and increases the risk of death in NRDS;while c.139G ＞ C of SP-C gene mutation is associated with pathogenesis of NRDS,but it does not increase the risk of severity and death in NRDS.