Objective To compare the effectiveness and side-effect of different bowel preparations. Methods Three hundreds and twelve patients preparing for colonoscopy were randomly divided into four groups; oral mannitol group ( group A) , oral senna leaf group ( group B) , colon cleaning device group (group C) and combination of group B and C (group D). Under the colonoscopy, the endoscopist blindly scored the cleaning of each bowel segment as class 0 to 4 (0, fecal mass at rectosigmoid; 1, cleaning up to sigmoid; 2, cleaning up to descending colon; 3, cleaning up to transverse colon; 4, cleaning of entire colon ) and the degree of cleaning as optimal (Ⅰ) , acceptable ( Ⅱ ) or dissatisfied (Ⅲ). Results The cleaning rate (88. 6% ) of pan colon in group D was higher than that of group A ( 15. 4% , P

At present,reports at home and abroad suggest a low probability of successful preservation of ovarian endocrine function after ovarian shift radiotherapy.After radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma,the ovarian function is associated with various factors,such as radiotherapy dose and method,patient's age,shift position,and concurrent chemotherapy drugs.Therefore,as for each patient,the dose to the ovarian tissue should be controlled within the individual dose limit to effectively preserve the ovarian function.

The original teaching of clinical pharmacy for stomatology course did not let students aware of the importance of drugs in the treatment of oral diseases. The original teaching framework was rearranged:decentralizing knowledge of oral diseased related clinical pharmacy into several mod-ules;setting general knowledge into the oral basic medical module;adding the practice of visiting the pharmacy and manufacturing laboratory. Teaching process was closely combined with clinics and was integrated with disease-centered oral medicine curriculum integration system. Students responded that the teaching effect was better. The rearranged teaching method can enhance students' attention on drug treatment for oral diseases,improve their ability of clinical medication and promote the teaching quality.

nal abnormalities of pediatric heart diseases.

Objective To study the characteristics of immune function,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antibodies and EBV-DNA in children with different clinical types of EBV infection,which provide basis for prevention and treatment of EBV infection.Methods Clinical data of 103 patients suffering from EBV infection were retrospectively analyzed in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University.A total of 103 children were divided into infectious mononualeosis(IM) group(n=68),chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection(CAEBV) group(n=13) and Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(EBV-HLH) group(n=22).The changes of EBV antibodies,EBV-DNA,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected and compared among the three groups.A total of 26 healthy children at the same stage were enrolled as a control group,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected in control group,then compared with the rest of the three groups.Results The levels of C3 and C4 in CAEBV group and EBV-HLH group were significantly decreased than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group,CAEBV group,IM group and control group gradually increased(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group and CAEBV group significantly decreased than those in control group(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in IM group decreased than those in control group,while there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).CD8+T cells in IM group significantly increased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05,respectively).T cells,CD8+T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD4+/CD8+ ratios,NK cells,B cells of EBV-HLH group significantly decreased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of EBV antibodies in CAEBV group and IM group were significantly higher than those in EBV-HLH group(P<0.05).EBV-DNA in EBV-HLH group were significantly higher than those of CAEBV group and IM group(P<0.05).Conclusion EBV-DNA levels in the serum are positively correlated with disease types and severity,the pathogenesis of IM,CAEBV and EBV-HLH induced by EBV infection are associated with immune dysfunction.Dynamic monitoring of EBV load and cell immune function can reflect disease status and progress risk.

Objective To estimate help-seeking behavior among individual with overactive bladder (OAB) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors.Methods This was a cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 133 patients with OAB in type 2 diabetes mellitus responded the questionnaires,including a self-designed Demographic Data Questionnaire,12-item Short-Form health survey questionnaire,Overactive Bladder Symptom Score,Patient Perception of Bladder Condition,Help-seeking Behavior Questionnaire.Results Among cases,21.8％(29/133) had seen a doctor for voiding problems.In the Logistic model,educational status,Charlson comorbidity index,glycosylated hemoglobin,and OAB symptom bother were found to be associated with help-seeking behavior,OR value(95％ confidence interval) were 3.158(1.511-6.599),2.537(1.327-4.849),0.631(0.430-0.926),1.655(1.126-2.434),P ＜0.01 or 0.05.Conclusions The help-seeking rate of OAB individuals in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is low.Health care providers should understand the predictors of help-seeking behavior and take actions to improve patient's health care utilization and quality of life.

Objective To seek the curative effect of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) combined with gemcitabine for unresectable advanced pancreatic carcinoma.Methods 24 patients were treated by SRT of 6MV X-ray.Patients were fixed with the rack of stereotactic localization and heated plastics mould.The CT scanning results were put into the treatment planning system.According to the target area of tumor,sensitive organs and moving error drew GTV,CTV and PTV.The best plan was selected by the dose-volume histogram (DVH).5 to 7 beams of non-coplanar radiation ray were chosen.PTV was surrounded by ≥95 ％ isodose curves.Conventional fraction,5 fractions per week,1.8-2 Gy per fraction was used.All patients received a total dose of 50-60 Gy.Gemcitabine was performed 1000 mg/m2,once a week,iv gtt,in the 1st,2nd and 4th,5 th weeks.Results In chemo-radiotherapy,50.0 ％ (12/24) patients showed light nausea,41.7 ％ (10/24) patients showed leucopenia or thrombocytopenia of grade 1 or 2,after symptomatic treatment,all patients completed the planned treatment.In a period of one month to three months,after SRT combined with chemotherapy,appetite improvement was 83.3 ％ (20/24),jaundice disappeared in 6 of 6 patients (100.0 ％),abdominal pain was relieved in 21 of 24 patients (87.5 ％),3 patients were relieved completely among them.The complete remission (CR) rate was 16.7 ％ (4/24) and partial remission (PR) rate was 66.7 ％ (16/24),with CR+PR rate of 83.4 ％ (20/24).One-year survival rate was 70.8 ％ (17/24).As a consequence of cachexia,intestinal obstruction or bleeding,7 patients died within one year.Nobody survived more than 2 years.Conclusions SRT combined with gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic carcinoma may relieve symptoms.It is an effective approach to improve life quality and prolong survival time for advanced pancreatic carcinoma,especially lod and weak patients are more suitable to select SRT combined with gemcitabine.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Guben Huatan Tongmai Recipe (GBHTTMR), a compound Chinese herbal recipe, on expressions of macrophages and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of aortic endothelia in rats with syndrome of phlegm blocking blood vessel, and to explore the pathogenesis of the phlegm-pathogen. METHODS: Fifty normal male Wistar rats, 7-week in age, were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, untreated group, high-dose GBHTTMR-treated group, low-dose GBHTTMR-treated group and simvastatin-treated group, with 10 rats in each group. Syndrome of phlegm blocking blood vessel was induced in rats of the latter 4 groups by feeding the rats with high lipid diet. Levels of blood lipid were compared among the 5 groups. The expressions of macrophages and CAMs in aortic endothelia were tested by immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS: The level of blood lipid, and the expressions of macrophages and CAMs showed statistical differences between the normal control group and the untreated group (P<0.01), and between the untreated group and the low-, high-dose GBHTTMR-treated and simvastatin-treated groups as well (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: GBHTTMR can decrease the level of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and increase the level of high density lipoprotein. It also can inhibit the expressions of macrophages, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin.

Objective To investigate the expression and the significance of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3)in placenta,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in maternal and cord blood of idiopathic fetal growth restriction(IFGR),and their correlation with the pathogenesis of symmetric and asymmetric IFGR.Methods From April 2008 to April 2009,42 primiparae of singleton pregnancy and their IFGR babies,who delivered at term through cesarean section, in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled. All subjectects were divided into symmetric IFGR group (n=20) and asymmetric IFGR group (n =22). Another 42 non-IFGR pairs were randomly selected as the control group. The polink-2 plus polymerized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immunohistochemical method and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to detect TLR-3 and TNF-α levels. Results (1) The expression of TLR-3 protein were observed in all maternal placenta of the three groups. TLR-3 essentially expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and hofbouer cells in the symmetric IFGR and control group, but expressed mostly in hofbouer cells and less in syneytiotrophoblasts in the asymmetric IFGR group. (2) The expression of TLR-3 in the syncytiotrophoblasts of the symmetric and asymmetric IFGR group was significantly lower than in the control group (111±14 and 118±11 vs. 156 ± 9, P<0. 01). The number of TLR-3 positive in Hofbourer cell in the symmetric IFGR group was lower than the control group (8. 9±2. 8 vs 17.5±2. 8, P <0. 01 ), but the number in the asymmetric IFGR group was higher (23.8±3.7) compared with the control group (P <0. 01). (3) The TNF-α levels in the maternal and cord blood of the symmetric and the asymmetric group were higher than that of the control group [maternal : (90±10) μg/L and ( 86±11 ) μg/L vs. (73±9) μg/L;cord blood: (92±12) μg/L and (96±8) μg/L vs. (79±9) μg/L;P<0.01]. (4) Neither symmetric nor the asymmetric IFGR group showed any correlations between the maternal and cord blood levels of TNF-α (P>0. 05). (5) Significant correlation was found between the TNF-α level of the cord blood and TLR-3 expression in the placenta in both the symmetric and asymmetric IFGR group(P<0. 05),but no relationship was found between the maternal blood TNF-α level and TLR-3 expression in the placenta (P>0. 05). Conclusions The variantions of TLR-3 expression in placenta and the increased expression of TNF-α in cord blood are associated with the genesis IFGR. The reduced expression of TLR-3 may related to symmetric IFGR, while the increased TLR-3 level in hofbouer cells may lead to asymmetric IFGR.

Objective To estimate the bladder symptoms, and explore its impact on patients′ quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was used to evaluate patients′ bladder symptoms, and Medical Outcome Study 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Scale (SF-12), Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form(OABq-SF)were conducted to test the effect of bladder symptoms on general and disease-specific quality of life. Results Among the four bladder symptoms, nocturia was the most prevalent symptom (46.7%,479/1025 ), followed by urinary frequency (14.9%,153/1025 ),urinary urgency (14.2%,146/1025 ), urge urinary incontinence (7.9%, 81/1025). Nocturia and urge urinary incontinence significantly increased symptom bother (nocturia B=0.337,P<0.01;urge urinary incontinence B=0.437,P<0.01) and decreased disease-specific quality of life (nocturia B=-0.364,P<0.01;urge urinary incontinence B=-0.346, P<0.01) in these patients. Meanwhile, urge urinary incontinence was negatively associated with general mental health (B=-0.255, P=0.011). Conclusions The prevalence of bladder symptoms in type 2 diabetes patients was high, and was found to be associated with patients′general and disease-specific quality of life. Health care providers should be aware of the high prevalence of bladder symptoms and its impact on QOL to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of bladder symptoms during diabetic care.