By using histochemical reaction of Y-GTP,G-6-Pase and ATPase, an in vestiga-tion of alterations of Human Hepatocellular Carcincma(HCC)and its surrounding tissues was made. Liver tissues were obtained from 10 subjects at time of surgery. The experimental results showed that the enzymes significantly in HCC differed from those in its surrounding tissues. The Y-GTP activity in HCC was marked in 2 sub-lects, slight in 5 subjects,none in 3 subjects. The alterations mentioned above revealed no marked relation with the degree of HCC diferentiation .Thus Y-GTP could not be considered to be a reliable positive enzyme marker of HCC.The Y-GTP in its surrounding tissues showed increased staining intensity. G-6-Pase activity in HCC markedly decereased or disappeared, but increased markedly in its surrounding tissues. The staining of G-6-Pase could be used to distinguish cancerous from noncancerous areas. ATPase (Mg)aciivity in HCC decreased or disappeared as well.

Presence or absence of smooth muscle in extrahepatic bile duct is controversial Histological studies of extrahepatic bile ducts in 20 persons have been made. It was found that: in their walls muscular layer was present in 13 specimens, and size and shape of muscle bundles were different,, They were in irregular arrangement, and appeared to be scattered, clustered or layer upon layer. In the lower segment of the bile duct, there was a gradual increase in the amount of smooth muscles and coarsened muscle bundles. But muscular elements were not obsererved in other 7 specimens. Elastic fibers of the wall were scattered or crowded in the superficial layer of the muco-derm. There was no relationship between the type of elastic fibers and the structure of the ducts. We believe that there was sufficient smooth muscle in the walls of common bile duct which can produce peristalsis. In the absence of smooth muscle, how to explain their motility is still worthy of further studying.

By using protein A-gold labeling probe, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD)in paraffin-embedded sections of 24 cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its surrounding liver tissues was immunolocalizied The experimental results showed that in a good many of HCCs and its surrounding liver tissues, immunostaining of Cu-Zn SOD appeared differently positive, but in 2 cases of grade Ⅱ differentiation, massive pattern of HCC, Cu-Zn SOD immunostaining was negative. In one hepatoma was clear cell carcinoma, and in another one tumor cells followed obvious fatty degenera tioa Two problems that what was significance of Cu-Zn SOD in HCQ and a few cellular nuclei labeled for Cu-Zn SOD are disscussed.

Objective To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients by meta-analysis.Methods We searched Co-chrane Library,MEDLINE,EMbase,Ovid,Springer,China Biology Medicine,CNKI,VIP and WanFang Data for controlled clinical trials.All randomized controlled trials (RCT)that meet their standards of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients were collected. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. Results Twenty-two trials with 1 713 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The results of me-ta-analysis showed that:Mini-mental state examination (MMSE)MD=2.99,95%CI (2.25,3.74) one day before operation,MD=1.66,95%CI (0.68,2.64)three days after operation,MD=1.52, 95%CI (0.55,2.49)seven days after operation,respectively (P <0.05);Perioperative dexmedeto-midine treatment was significantly associated with better neurocognitive performance in comparison with saline.Compared with normal saline group,the serum concerntrations of neuron-specificenolase, S100β protein, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicates that dexmedetomidine shows superiority over placebo in early postoperative neurocognitive function after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of morphine exposure in the late pregnancy on the expression of 2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR2B) in the nucleus accumbens of offspring rats.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats at 14 days of gestation,aged 16-20 weeks,weighing 400-600 g,were equally and randomly divided into control group (group C) and morphine group (group M).In group M,morphine was administered subcutaneously twice a day (9:00 a.m.and 5:00 p.m.) in the initial dose of 2 mg/kg followed by daily increment of 1 mg/kg until 6 mg/kg.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of morphine in group C.Fifty offspring rats with similar body weight were selected from the two groups,and conventionally fed for 8 weeks.Thirty offspring rats were further selected,morphine 3 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously for 7 consecutive days,and then the rats underwent the conditioned place preference test to monitor the effect.The time spent in drug-paired side (gray area) was recorded at 24 h after the test.Ten offspring rats selected were sacrificed after the test,and the brain was removed.The nucleus accumbens was isolated for detection of the expression of NR2B by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with group M,the time spent in drug-paired side (gray area) was significantly prolonged,and the expression of NR2B in the nucleus accumbens was up-regulated in group C (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which morphine exposure in the late pregnancy causes susceptibility to morphine addiction is associated with up-regulation of NR2B expression in the nucleus accumbens of offspring rats.

Objective To learn the effects of crude herb moxibustion combined with rehabilitation training on the recovery of pulmonary functions and quality of life of patients with stable-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Nanning communities. Methods Two hundred patients with stable-stage COPD, sampled from Nanning communities and used as the subjects of this study, were divided into the experiment group and the control group by the random number table method. Patients in the control group were given conventional medication and community health care education and guides;Patients in the experiment group were not only offered the same treatment as mentioned above, but treated during dog days and the coldest days of winter with moxibustion medicine cakes which were applied accurately on selected acupuncture points, together with moxibustion with moxa cone done on the cakes. Treatment was done 6 times in each course of treatment, and 2 courses were given, combined with rehabilitation training. Examination of pulmonary functions was conducted for all patients before and after the treatment and St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaires (SGRQ) were distributed to them. Results Forced vital capacity patients, forced expiratory volume in first second, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity of experimental group before the intervention were (2.27 ± 0.36) L, (1.56 ± 0.30) L, (44.81 ± 5.35) %, while six months after the intervention were (3.36 ± 0.42) L, (2.25 ± 0.27) L, (65.38 ±8.08)%. The difference was statistically significant (t=18.90, 16.40, 20.36, P<0.01);The above indexes of control group respectively before intervention were (2.28±0.43) L, (1.58±0.33) L, (45.17 ± 4.97) %, while six months after the intervention were (2.57 ± 0.57) L, (1.71 ± 0.35) L, (46.94 ± 8.42)%. Difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.81, 2.04, 1.70, P > 0.05). Differences between two groups before intervention had no statistical significance (t = 0.17, 0.43, 0.47, P > 0.05), and differences between two groups after the intervention were statistically significant (t=10.62, 11.62, 14.99, P < 0.01). In the experimental group,before intervention the total score of SGRQ and the part scores of symptom, the activity ability and the influence of the disease were (16.56 ± 1.76) points, (10.44 ± 1.57) points, (18.55±2.17) points, (45.73 ± 2.53) points, 6 months after the intervention the scores were (10.77 ± 1.56) points, (7.28±1.23) points, (14.33 ±1.66) points, (32.98 ± 2.35) points. The difference was significant (t=14.82-35.50, P<0.01);In the control group before intervention the total scores of SGRQ and the part score of symptom, the activity ability and the influence of the disease were (16.47 ±1.81) points, (10.39 ± 1.66) points, (18.52 ± 2.16) points, (45.79 ± 2.49) points, 6 months after the intervention the scores were (16.12 ±1.36) points, (9.89 ±1.38) points, (16.96 ±1.58) points, (42.15±2.34) points. The lower score was not obvious, there was no statistically significant difference (t=1.45-2.17, P > 0.05). Intervention before comparing differences between two groups had no statistical significance (t=0.09-0.34, P > 0.05). Intervention after comparing differences between two groups was statistically significant (t=10.88-26.22, P<0.01). Conclusions Clinically, crude herb moxibustion combined with rehabilitation training is to some extent conducive to delaying the decrease in pulmonary functions, reducing complications, and improving the quality of life of patients with stable-stage COPD.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with L isteria septicemia for better clinical diagnosis and management of the disease .Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 13 patients with confirmed diagnosis of Listeria septicemia from July 2009 to November 2013 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University .The clinical features ,laboratory tests ,treatments and clinical outcomes were reviewed and analyzed . Results The vast majority of the 13 patients were immunocompromised or with critical organ dysfunction . The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that penicillin ,ampicillin and levofloxacin were the most active agents against Listeria ,followed by imipenem ,erythromycin , ciprofloxacin and tetracycline .Only 33 .3% of the 13 Listeria isolates were sensitive to oxacillin .Eight patients were cured ,2 improved ,2 died after therapy .The remaining one patient gave up therapy .Conclusions The incidence of Listeria septicemia was associated with advanced age and presence of underlying diseases .Early etiology diagnosis and appropriate antibacterial therapy can improve the outcome of such patients .Actively treating underlying diseases helps reduce the mortality rate .

Objective To observe the expressions of CD26, Ki67 and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) proteins in thyroid neoplasms, to explore their value in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms and to search for molecular marker in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas.Methods The expressions of CD26,Ki67and EGFR proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in 50 differentiated thyroid carcinomas (TC) and 50 thyroid adenomas (TA) and their relationships were analyzed.Results The positive rate and expression intensity of CD26,Ki67and EGFR proteins in TC were significantly higher than those in TA, and especially higher in follicular TC than those in follicular TA.Conclusion The abnormal expressions of CD26, Ki67and EGFR proteins appear to be valuable in differential diagnosis and predicting prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, especially CD26 can be used as a diagnostic marker in well-differentiated carcinoma of follicular cell origin.

The influence of L-arginine on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) was observed in experimental pulmonary thromboembolism and the action mechanism on pulmonary thromboembolism was explored. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group. Pulmonary thromboembolism models were established by auto-blood back transfusion, and L-Arg 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected after successful model preparation. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after embolism. Plasma NO, TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGFla were detected. The expression of eNOS and COX2 protein and mRNA in pulmonary tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively. The results showed that pulmonary thrombosis could be seen post pulmonary embolism and inflammatory reaction was significant. Plasma NO was decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of TXB2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha and T/P ratio were all elevated. The expression of eNOS protein and mRNA in the pulmonary tissue was down-regulated (P<0.05), while that of COX2 protein and mRNA was upregulated (P<0.01). In treatment group, the level of NO was increased, the levels of TXB2 and T/P ratio were decreased, but the level of 6-Keto-PGF1alpha was increased. The expression of eNOS protein and mRNA in pulmonary tissue was upregulated (P<0.05), while that of COX2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated (P<0.05). In conclusion, L-arginine can educe the role of pulmonary tissue protection through up-regulating the expression of intra-pulmonary NOS and down -regulating COX2 in pulmonary thromboembolism.

The effects of exogenous p16(ink4a) gene on biological behaviors of human lung cancer cell line with homozygous deletion of p16(ink4a) gene were investigated. Exogenous p16(ink4a) gene was transfected by lipofectin into human lung cell line A549, in which p16(ink4a) gene was homozygously deleted. The expression of p16(ink4a) mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and immunocyto-chemistry, respectively. The changes in the behaviors of the transfected cell lines in vitro and in vivo were observed. In the transfected cell line A549, the exogenous p16(ink4a) gene could be stably expressed. The growth of A549 cells transfected with p16(ink4a) gene was obviously slowed down. Flow cytometry revealed that transfection of the exogenous p16(ink4a) gene resulted in A549 cell lines arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle. The tumorigenicity of these transfected cells in nude mice could be inhibited, and the tumor growth of nude mice was significantly suppressed. It was concluded that exogenous p16(ink4a) gene may be stably expressed in human lung cancer cell line A549. The expression of the introduced p16(ink4a) could block lung cancer cells to entry into S phase of cell cycle and inhibit tumor malignant growth both in vitro and in vivo.