Objective To study the characteristic of 8 to 16-year-old children's short-term memory.Methods 157 subjects participated in this study (8,10,12,14 and 16 years old).All subjects completed the digit recall,word recall,spatial recall and position recall tests.Results Short-term memory spans increased with age (F(4,145)= 35.56,P<0.01) and peaked at 14 years old [ digit (8.83±1.31),word (4.79±0.68),spatial (5.90±0.77),position (5.42±1.28)].Conclusion The developmental trends of four tasks' memory span were similar.But the exact span-scores were different from what Pascual-Leone's model predicted.

The peroneal artery chimeric bone flap combined with chimeric flap of lateral femoral circumflex artery was applied in the repair of a case defects of both ulna and radius arteries combined with large extensive ring-like soft tissue defects of forearm in November, 2018, causing no blood supply to the hand. In the one-stage surgical procedure, anastomosis of the ulnar and radial arteries with the pedicle of the 2 flaps by Flow-through anastomosis were performed and the blood supply of the forearm and hand was restored. Six months after the surgery, the rotation functions of forearm, wrist joint and fingers were recovered. The patient was able to carry out daily activities and some of precision tasks.

Aninductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometric(ICP-MS)methodbasedonquadrupole reaction/collision ( DRC) was developed for the determination of K,Na,Ca,Mg,Al,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Mn in food. Samples were digested with HNO3 and H2 O2 followed by dilution with ultrapure water and then analyzed directly by ICP-MS. The signal sensitivity of high concentration element ( K, Na, Ca, Mg and Al ) was suppressed easily by adjusting the voltage parameters of DRC quadrupole ( Rpa) , and the food samples could be online diluted any multiples ( i. e. from one time to million times) according to the actual need. In order to eliminate mass spectral interferences of 40 Ar35 Cl+, the operational conditions of the DRC, working with CH4 as reaction gas, were optimized for 75 As. The limits of detection for the K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al varied from 0. 013-0. 027 mg/L, and Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Mnvaried from 0. 12-0. 61 μg/L. The accurate and reliable results were obtained for validation of the ICP-MS method with food reference material according to the national standard GBW10023 , GBW10015 , GBW10018 , GBW10017 , GBW10019 and GBW10024 . As the routine method in our laboratory, the satisfactory results indicate that it has great potential for the determination of low and high concentration level elements by one single analysis in various samples.

Objective To observe the changes of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin (ET) during propofol-induced anesthesia and intubationMethods Thirty-six patients were randomly allocated to receiving intravenous administration with propofol 2mg/kg ( group PP, n=20) or sodium thiopental group (SP, n=16) The venous bloos samples were taken to measure the plasma CGRP and endothelin (ET) concentrations, together with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR), immediately before induction, 2min after P or SP administration, 2min, 7min, 15min after intubationResults SBP decreased immediately after induction in both groups (P005), increased markedly in group SP (P

Objective To investigate the drug-resistance and distribution of 142 strains acinetobacter baumannii.Methods Drug-resistance test of acinetobacter baumannii strains was observed in 13 kinds of antibiotics.The drug sensitivity tests was performed by the method of Kirby-Bauer paper-diffusion with the standard of NCCLS.AmpC enzyme was examined by cefoxitin three dimension test and PCR amplification of ampC structure gene were studied.Results The main sources of specimen were sputum,wound secretion,urine and blood.The respiratory tract was a major site to the development of acinetobacter baumannii.Acinetobacter baumannii strain emerged mostly in the intensive care unites.The drug resistance to cefotaxime,ceftriaxome and aztreonam were high.PCR amplification showed that of 142 acinetobacter baumannii strains,23 strains had ampC structure gene which accounted for 16 2% total strains.The drug resistance of acinetobacter baumannii producing AmpC enzyme were significantly higher than those of non-producing AmpC.The best choice of treatment was imipenem.Conclusions Acinetobacter baumannii have higher multiple-antibiotic resistance,the finding prompting us to project prospective control strategies.

Objective In order to screen effective traditional Chinese medicine compounds to prevent and control porcine respiratory disease syndrome ( PRDC) , seven compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicine were tested and to analyze their antitussive and expectorant effects in mice .Methods Two hundred 6-week old ICR mice ( male∶fe-male=1∶1) were used in this study .Dextromethorphan and ammonium chloride were used as positive control drugs , and physiological saline was used as blank control .The antitussive and expectorant effects of the seven Chinese medicine com-pounds (groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) were observed by ammonia-induced cough model and tracheal phenol red secretion method in mice .Results The results showed that compounds 7 and 5 significantly prolonged the cough incubation period (P <0.05), and reduced the cough times within 5 min (P <0.05).Except for the group 4, tracheal phenol red excre-tion in the other groups was significantly lower than that of blank control group (P <0.05), and phenol red excretion in the mice of groups 7, 5 and ammonium chloride group was significantly lower than that in other treatment groups ( P <0.05).Conclusions The Chinese medicine compounds 5 and 7 show most evident expectorant effects , and worthy of fur-ther validation of them as a drug in the treatment of porcine respiratory disease syndrome .

The influence of L-arginine on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) was observed in experimental pulmonary thromboembolism and the action mechanism on pulmonary thromboembolism was explored. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group. Pulmonary thromboembolism models were established by auto-blood back transfusion, and L-Arg 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected after successful model preparation. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after embolism. Plasma NO, TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGFla were detected. The expression of eNOS and COX2 protein and mRNA in pulmonary tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively. The results showed that pulmonary thrombosis could be seen post pulmonary embolism and inflammatory reaction was significant. Plasma NO was decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of TXB2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha and T/P ratio were all elevated. The expression of eNOS protein and mRNA in the pulmonary tissue was down-regulated (P<0.05), while that of COX2 protein and mRNA was upregulated (P<0.01). In treatment group, the level of NO was increased, the levels of TXB2 and T/P ratio were decreased, but the level of 6-Keto-PGF1alpha was increased. The expression of eNOS protein and mRNA in pulmonary tissue was upregulated (P<0.05), while that of COX2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated (P<0.05). In conclusion, L-arginine can educe the role of pulmonary tissue protection through up-regulating the expression of intra-pulmonary NOS and down -regulating COX2 in pulmonary thromboembolism.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of propofol on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.Methods 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups with 18 rats in each group:sham-operation group,ANP group,propofol-treatod group.After ANP models were induced,propofol(10 mg·kg~(-1)· h~(-1)) were injected by dorsal vein of penis in the propofoltreated group.The rats in all groups were sacrificed at 3,6,12 hours after induction of the model.The serum amylase,lipase,nitric oxide (NO),TNF-a,superoxide dismutase (SOD),IL-6 were detected;the histopathological score of pancreatic tissue were evaluated.Results At 6 h,the levels of serum amylase in sham-operation group,ANP group,propofol-treatod group were(1743± 370) U/L,(7745± 1030) U/L and (5529± 874) U/L;the levels of serum lipase were(274.9± 36.1)U/L,(1672± 262)U/L and(1219± 207 )U/L;the levels of serum TNF-a were (1.110± 0.276)mg/L,(3.191± 0.279)mg/L and (2.361±0.281 )mg/L;the levels of serum IL-6 were (102.6±28.5)ng/L,(334.1±34.0)ng/L and (268.6±29.8)ng/L;the levels of serum NO were (42.2±18.1)μmol/L,(120.7±22.3)μmol/L and(73.6±19.3)μmol/L;the levels of serum SOD were(120.6± 20.1)U/ml,(54.1± 15.3)U/ml and(85.7± 17,1)U/ml;the histopathological scores were 0.333± 0.408,4.417± 0.665 and 3.500±0.707.The serum levels of amylase,lipase,NO,TNF-a,IL-6 and the histopathological score of pancreas in ANP group were significantly higher than those in sham-operation group group(P＜0.05 ),while the serum levels of SOD were significantly lower(P＜0.05).The serum levels of amylase,lipase,NO,TNF-a,IL-6 and the histopathological score of pancreas in propofol-treated group were significantly lower than those in the ANP group(P＜0.05),while the serum levels of SOD were significantly higher(P＜0.05).Conclusions Propofol could decrease the levels of serum amylase and lipase,reduce pancreatic tissue damage,and had therapeutic effects on ANP in rats.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of lateral femoral circumflex artery perforator flaps and fit together in the treatment of limbs complex wound surface.Methods From January 2010 to March 2012,use the characteristics that the descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery extend its branches over the flap,fascia and skin,to form lenticulostriate arteries,which contain 2 to 3 different species tissues fits together,flaps cover the important tissues such as vessel,nerves and bones.Fascia covers the tendinous tissues etc.Muscle can not only cover the tissues,but also fill in the space,and followed by skin grafting.This research was to perform the treatment for 4 cases of lacking limbs ring tissue,three cases of multiple wound surface,six cases of hand avulsion injury of skin and 9 cases of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ C.Results As for the 22 cases in the research,nineteen cases of flaps survived,the other 3 cases were necrosis with length of 1cm to 2 cm at distal and self-healed later.During 6 months to 2 years followed-up of 18 cases,external flaps were satisfactory,skin grafting over the fascia layers develops very well,smooth with great elasticity,no recoil,and no color change.Conclusion Lateral femoral circumflex artery is one of effective restoration methods for limbs with complex wound surface.

AIM: To investigate the effect of low concentration desflurane on hemodynamics and fibrinolysis in patients during general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty eight ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients during general anesthesia, scheduled for elective chest surgery, were studied, and hemodynamics and fibrinolysis were observed after inhalation of desflurane at 0.5 and 1.0 MAC , respectively. RESULTS: Compared with those before anesthesia, SBP, DBP, and MAP remarkably decreased and HR significantly increased at intubation. However, the changes were more remarkable than those of before anesthesia when inhalation of desflurane at 0.5 and 1.0 MAC ; blood pressure did not further decreased; and HR did not increased in comparison with intubation. The level of plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t PA) remarkably increased and the level of plasma plasminogen activitor inhibitor (PAI) significantly decreased when inhalation of desflurane. The level of plasma t PA further increased and the level of plasma PAI further decreased as inhalation of increased desflurane concentration. CONCLUSION: There are some effects of low concentration desflurane on hemodynamics and fibrinolysis in patients with chest surgery during general anesthesia.