Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from normal LACA mice and the phagocy-tosis of neutral red was measured after 24 hr.incubation with different opiate peptidesand ACTH.?-endorphin(10~-(10)-10~_6M)and dynorphin A(10~_(10)-1(10~_6M)were found tostimulate the phagocytosis and these increases in phagocytosis could be reversed byopiate receptor blocker,naltrexone(10~_5M).[D-Ala~2,D-Leu~5]-enkephalin(10~_(12)-10~_6M),however,had no effect on the phagocytosis.ACTH(10~_(10)-10~_6M)was fo-und to have suppressive effect on the phagocytosis.These results suggest that diffe-rent opiate peptides may cause different effects on phagocytosis of macrophages andthe increase in phagocytosis induced by ?-endorphin and dynorphin appears to be me-diated by opiate receptors on peritoneal macrophages.

Wave intensity (WI) is a hemodynamic index, the method of WI measurement is a real-time system in the basis of the eTRACKING technology, which provides the appearance of haemodynamics ahout heart and blood vascular system and their linear correlation with inner diameter-pressure. The research advantages and the application of WI were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer. And to further prevent the risks of colorectal cancer and provide methods and evidences.Methods A literature search was performed through CNKI,Wanfang,PubMed,Ovidsp,Cochrane data within the time limit of November 2005 to November 2015.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the studies were screened and the data were extracted.Then,meta -analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.5.Results A total of 14 studies(6 case-control studies and 8 cohort studies)met the inclusion criteria.Meta analysis showed that with metabolic syndrome had a higher risk of colorectal cancer incidence compared with the control group without metabolic syndrome(OR =1.18,95%CI:1.33cv1.22,P <0.05).Stratified analysis showed that metabolic syndrome increased the risk of color-ectal cancer between men and women population.The combined effect of the OR respectively (OR =1.12,95%Cl:1.09 -1.14,P <0.05;OR =1.13,95%Cl:1.05 -1.22,P <0.05),the differences were statistically significant. Meta analysis showed that metabolic syndrome was not associated with an increased risk of colon cancer mortality (OR =1.05,95%CI:0.92 -1.19,P =0.46).Conclusion This meta analysis indicate a positive association between meta-bolic syndrome and colorectol cancer incidence,and the association has no gender differences.The metabolic syndrome does not increase the risk of colon cancer death.More prospective cohort study needed to further confirm it.

Objective Analyse and report the diagnosis and treatment process of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma, it provides a basis for rare case in clinic. [Methods] Through the analysis of the patient's il ness, treatment, and pathology examination, and the effect of the treatment of prognosis of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma of the summary, truly record the occurrence of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma development, treatment and prognosis. [Results] The intraoperative pathologic examination in patients diagnosed the vulvar epithelioid sarcoma, and it used the removal of expanding. Now the patient is not recurred. [Conclusion] Vulvar epithelioid sarcoma is clinical y rare, needs combined with immunohistochemical examination at the time of diagnosis, removal of local expansion is the effective method to treat, it is not exactly curative effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Statins is first choice of hypercholesteroiemia. Recently, clinical investigations have shown that statins can correct blood pressure in hypertension patients accompanied with lipid abnormalities. This result can be observed not only in untreated patients but also in patients treated with antihypertensive drugs. But some researches did not support this result completely. To some extend, the mechanisms responsible for the hypotensive effect seem to be largely independent on the effect of statins on lipid profile, and may be related to the improvement of endothelial function and the regulation of angiotensin II receptors.

Objective To investigate the impact of plasma homocysteine ( Hcy) on type 2 diabetics ( T2DM) patients with diabetic nephropathy ( DN) and diabetic retinopathy ( DR) , and to explore the correlation among the levels of plasma Hcy , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin resistance (ISI). Methods A total of 241 cases of diabetes was recruited as subjects according to the 2010 China guideline for type 2 diabetes.The history of smoking, hypertension, duration of diabetes, height, and weight were measured.Fasting blood were collected to analyze the levels of fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c), plasma Hcy (Rate method), and VEGF [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)].Results The age, body mass index (BMI), the history of hyperten-sion, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), microalbuminuria (MAU), and VEGF were positively correlated with the levels of plasma Hcy or VEGF .The levels of ISI were reduced with the increased levels of Hcy or VEGF.The history of smoking was positively correlated with the VEGF .Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the levels of plasma Hcy were positively correlated with the levels of VEGF ( r =0.498 , P <0.01 ) .In the groups of diabetic retinopathy and early diabetic nephropathy , it could find that increased duration of diabetes , increased IR, higher levels of HbA1c and VEGF, and the levels of plasma Hcy≥10μmol/L might be the risk factors of DR ( P <0.05 ) .Only the history of hypertension and high levels of VEGF and Hcy in early DN showed a strong correlation ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the levels of plasma Hcy were positively correlated with the levels of VEGF .Higher levels of Hcy and VEGF might be the risk factors of the early DN and DR.At the same time, lower level of ISI might be the risk factor of DR , but the reduction of ISI might not be the main risk factor of the early DN .

Objective To explore the effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor on cell cycle and expression of Fos protein in cultured astrocytes from cerebral cortex of rat in vitro Methods Astrocytes from cerebral cortex of rat were cultured in vitro.The cultured astrocytes were treated with ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),and then cell cycle was measured by flow cytometer and Fos protein was examined by means of immunocytochemistry at different intervals. Results At 6h following CNTF treatment,astrocytes cell cycle process was promoted obviously,the percentage of cell in G-1/G-0 cycle phase was reduced,while that of G-2/M and proliferation index(PI) increased.The proliferous effect peaked at 12h,and then gradually declined at 24h,48h,but PI was higher than that of control group.The expression of Fos protein was enhanced from 2h to 24h after CNTF treatment,the pretreatment of dexamethasone inhibited the expression of Fos protein.Conclusion CNTF may promote proliferation and the expression of Fos protein in astrocytes.

Objective To observe the effects of mouse indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene on CD4+ T cells by transfecting an eukaryotic expression vector containing mouse IDO gene fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-N1). Methods The immature dendritic cells (imDCs) derived from mouse bone marrow were cultured in vitro and morphologically identified by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and flow cytometry. The immature dendritic cells were transfected by DOTAP liposome, and the expression of green fluorescence protein was confirmed with inverted fluorescence microscope. The spleen-derived CD4+ T lymphocytes from mice were isolated and purified in vitro, and then carried to mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with 3H-TdR incorporation. The effect of IDO gene on the proliferation of spleen-derived CD4+ T lymphocytes of the allergized mouse challenged by ovalbumin was assayed by 3H-TdR MLR incorporation, and the apoptosis of spleen-derived CD4+ T lymphocytes was assayed by TUNEL. Results The proliferation of spleen-derived CD4+ T lymphocytes of the allergized mouse challenged by ovalbumin were inhibited by the imDCs transfected with IDO gene, the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes treated with the imDCs transfected pEGFP-N1-IDO eukaryotic expression vector decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P

It described the status quo of the healthcare system in South Korea, and the milestones of the country to achieve universal coverage of social medical insurance. The paper presented in focus the development from multiple social medical insurance funds to a universal social medical insurance system in South Korea, and analyzed those serious setbacks including monopolizing private medical organizations, lack of first-visit and referral system, and excessive percentage of personal payment, as a result of unparallel progress of the reform of medical insurance and that of healthcare system. Authors hope to be inspirational for the ongoing reforms in the social medical insurance system and healthcare system, in an effort to avoid likewise mistakes.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of INSURE technology in very low and extremely low birth weight infants requiring respiratory support.Methods From June 2010 to August 2012,83 cases of very low and extremely low birth weight infants who had difficulty in breathing and required respiratory support were admitted into First Hospital of Tsinghua University and divided into two groups:INSURE group (n=41) and mechanical ventilation (MV) group (n=42).Infants in INSURE group accepted intubate-pulmonary surfactant-extubate to continuous positive airway pressure and those in MV group accepted intubation with or without pulmonary surfactant treatment,and mechanical ventilation without extubation.Arterial blood gases at 1 h and 12 h after treatment were compared between the two groups by t test.The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome,ventilator associated pneumonia,air leaking,chronic lung disease,intracranial hemorrhage,retinopathy,leukoencephalomalacia disease were compared with Chi-square test.Hospitalization costs,duration of ventilation,oxygen inhalation and hospital stay were compared by rank-sum test.Results (1) PO2 in INSURE group after one hour of treatment were (78.7 ±11.5) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),which were higher than those before treatment [(50.1 ±10.8) mm Hg,t=9.737,P＜0.05]; while PCO2 was lower[(48.3±8.9) mm Hg vs (54.9±11.5) mm Hg,t=-3.428,P＜0.05].PO2 in MV group after one hour of treatment were (80.2±10.0) mm Hg,which were higher than those before treatment [(51.3±9.8) mm Hg,t=10.093,P＜0.05]; while PCO2 was lower[(45.6±9.5) mm Hg vs (57.1±12.8) mm Hg,t=-4.526,P＜0.05].(2) There were no difference in PO2 and PCO2 between the two groups after one hour of treatment (P＞0.05).After 12 hours of treatment,no differences were found in PO2[(89.4±11.5) mm Hgvs (90.2±10.8) mm Hg,t=0.093] and PCO2[(44.2±5.9) mm Hg vs (39.1± 7.3) mm Hg,t=0.126] between INSURE group and MV group (P＞0.05 respectively).(3) The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia,air leaking,intracranial hemorrhage and chronic lung disease in INSURE group were 7.3％ (3/41),4.9％ (2/41),4.9％ (2/41) and 4.9％ (2/41),which were lower than those in MV group [34.1％ (14/42),x2=27.470; 16.7％ (7/42),x2=8.651;19.0％ (8/42),x2 =8.814; 11.9％ (5/42),x2 =4.275](P＜0.05 respectively).Duration of ventilation,oxygen inhalation,neonatal intensive care unit stay in INSURE group were 5 d (3-7 d),8 d (5-11 d) and 16 d (11-25 d),which were all shorter than those of MV group [8 d (4-12 d),Z=-1.947; 12 d (8-22 d),Z=-2.013; 21 d (12-35 d),Z=-1.782](P＜0.05 respectively).Conclusions INSURE technology could be used in very low and extremely low birth weight infants because of less invasiveness,fewer complications,safety and low-cost.