Objective To assess the risk of emergent endotracheal intubations in pediatric intensive care unite (PICU ) and to de-termine the risk factors of complications .Methods A prospective study was conducted with unified tables to collected data of all e-mergent intubations occurring in PICU between November 2011 and May 2012 .All the children were divided into group of any com-plication and group of no complication .Results (1)69 .1% children of emergent intubations had complications including desatura-tion(67 .9% ) ,bradycardia(29 .8% ) ,vomiting (16 .7% ) .(2)Emergent endotracheal intubations were 1 .7 times more likely to occur off-hours .Off-hours intubations were associated with 2 .7 times the risk of complications as on-hours intubations .(3)In a multivari-ate logistic regression analysis ,the nasal tracheal intubation ,two or more attempts at intubation ,and off-hours intubation were asso-ciated with complications .Conclusion Emergent endotracheal intubation are 1 .7 times more likely to occur off-hours .off-hours in-tubations ,the nasal tracheal intubation ,two or more attempts at intubation ,are associated with complications .

Objective To establish a method for the determination of complanatuside in Semen Astragali Complanati, and study the content change of complanatuside processed. Method HPLC was used with Apollo-C18 column (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m), acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid (21∶79) as mobile phase, the flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, and detected wavelength was set at 266 nm. Result Complanatuside showed a good linearity relationship in the range of 0.041 6～0.665 6 ?g, r =0.999 9. The average recovery was 100.6%, RSD was 0.73%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, reproducibility and strong specificity. It can be used for the quality control of Semen Astragali Complanati. Processing with salt can lead to content decrease of complanatuside in Semen Astragali Complanati.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application of mixture design in the design of formulation.METHODS:Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) was used as model drug,and the formulation of ISMN sustained-release tablet was optimized by the mixture design.The optimized ISMN sustained-release tablets were compared with the ISMN sustained-release tablets in market in respect of the release rate in vitro.RESULTS:The comparison between the validating value and the target value of the optimized sample showed a similarity factor(f2) of 86.56,and there were no differences between the optimized sample and that in market in respect of the drug release in vitro.CONCLUSION:The mixture design is applicable for the optimization of formulation and it can be used to predict the drug release in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Keloids are the result of abnormal post-traumatic skin restoration, which are characterized with overgrowth and progressive enlargement, invasion of adjacent normal skin tissue, extension beyond the scope of the original wound. Given the high recurrence, treatment with surgery alone is meaningless and, therefore, comprehensive treatment of surgery and other approaches is required. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical curative effect of local injection after timely removal of auricle keloid core. METHODS:Twenty patients with auricle keloid were enroled. After keloid core excision, the time interval within the incision scar tissue injection of fluorouracil or triamcinolone acetonide add lidocaine or monotherapy was gradualy lengthened, and if necessary the proper amount of compound betamethasone was added according to scar conditions. The injection dose was adjusted timely based on the regression of scar. The treatment effect was observed for 12 to 24 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of 36 auricle keloids from 20 patients, the comprehensive treatment was effective in 1 keloid, and other 35 keloids were cured. The effective rate was 100%, the completely cured rate was 97.2% and the excelent rate was 2.8%. These findings indicate that minimaly invasive excision of keloid core and the epithelial flap coverage combined with 5-fluorouracil and corticosteroid injection is a safe and effective method to treat auricle keloids.

Objective To discuss the change of elasticity of common carotid artery(CCA) with velocity vector imaging(VVI) technique in perimenopausal women.Methods 68 women in perimenopausal period were divided into two groups:estrogen drop group(42 women) and normal control group(26 women) according to the level of estrogen in serum.All women were examined with color Doppler ultrasound,and the maximum time to peak of the velocity(VTTP),maximum velocity(Vmax),maximum radial strain (Smax),maximum strain rate(SRmax) and the change rate of area(ΔS) were measured and assessed in common carotid artery(CCA) including 6 segments:anterior wall,posterior wall,anterolateral wall,anterior internal wall,posterolateral wall and posterointernal wall.Results There were signicantly differences of the elastic parameters between two groups inculding VTTP,Smax and ΔS (P ＜0.01),and there were no statistical difference on the Vmax and SRmax in both two groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusions The change of elasticity in CCA can be observed susceptibly with VVI in perimenopausal women,and VVI is an effective and sensitive technique for detecting CCA elastic characteristics.

ObjectiveTo identify the association of HLA-DQA1*0302 and DQB1*0303 alleles with vitiligo in Uygur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. MethodsPolymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP) was performed to analyze the distribution of HLA-DQA1*0302 and HLA-DQB1*0303 alleles among 300 patients with vitiligo and 300 normal human controls of Uygur nationality in Xinjiang region. ResultsA significant increase was observed in the frequency of HLA-DQA1*0302 and -DQB1*0303 alleles in patients with vitiligo compared with the controls(20.5％ vs. 13.83％, 30.17％ vs. 13.33％, both P ＜ 0.01 ). Increased frequency of HLA-DQA1*0302 and -DQB1*0303 alleles was also seen in patients with adult vitiligo (onset age ＞ 12 years) and those with childhood vitiligo (onset age ≤≤ 12 years) ascompared with the normal controls(both P ＜ 0.01). The frequency of DQB1*0303 allele was higher in both patients with and without family history of vitiligo than in the normal controls(both P ＜ 0.01), while that of DQA 1*0302 was higher in only patients without family history (P ＜ 0.01 ). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of HLA-DQA 1*0302 or HLA-DQB1*0303 between patients with adult vitiligo and those with childhood vitiligo or between patients with and without family history(all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions HLADQA 1*0302 and DQB 1*0303 alleles may be associated with vitiligo in Uygur nationality in Xinjiang region,and there seems to be genetic heterogeneity between patients with adult and childhood vitiligo and between vitiligo patients with and without family history.

Objective To explore the effects of Pannexin1 (Px1) channel protein on osteogenic differentiation of mesen?chymal stem cells (MSCs) under mechanical stress stimulation. Methods Bone marrow was extracted from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (3 weeks, weighing 100-120 g) and cultured following 1st generation cellular technology. The safe dose of CBX (an inhibitor of Px1 channel protein) on MSCs was determined by CCK8 method and 100 μmol/L was used. The MSCs were cultured by the whole marrow culture method. When the cell was passaged to 3-4 generation, high purity of the MSCs were harvested. MSCs were divided into three groups:control group, stress?stimuli group (4 000μstrain) and stress stimuli+CBX group. The duration of stress was 15 min and CBX pre?treatment time point was 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen expression, intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration, and Px1 channel protein, p?p38MAPK and p?ERK ex?pression were determined. Results ALP activities were highest in the stress group, and it was reduced by pretreatment of CBX. Similarly, stress increased the expression of type I collagen, concentration of Ca2+, and expressions of Px1 channel protein and p?p38MAPK was reduced by CBX. p?ERK was down?regulated by stress but not affected by CBX treatment. Conclusion Mechani?cal stress could promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and this promotion was inhibited by pretreatment of CBX, which might result in regulation of p?p38MAPK.

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomy basis for the clinical application of the adjacent horn shaped perforator fasciocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of small and medium-sized defects in the trunk area.

METHODS(1) Ten adult antiseptic cadavers (20 sides) were perfused with red latex. The skin blood supply, line of the blood vessels, branches in accordance with the distribution and crossing were observed. (2) Fifteen cases with defects in the trunk were treated with the adjacent horn shaped perforator fasciocutaneous flaps. The defects size ranged from 5 cm x 5 cm to 13 cm x 13 cm with the size of the flaps ranging from 10 cm x 6 cm to 35 cm x 15 cm.

RESULTSThe trunk skin is supplied by mainly 17 groups arteries such as thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery, posterior intercostal arteries, superior epigastric artery, arteria epigastrica inferior, lumbar arteries, and so on. The perforators (diameter > 0.5 mm) numbers are about 20, 40, 24, 6, on the chest, abdomen and perineum, upper back, waist, respectively. All the flaps survived completely with primary healing both on donor and recipient sites. The flaps color, texture, function and appearance were satisfactory during the follow-up period of 1-24 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe adjacent horn shaped perforator fasciocutaneous flap should be designed flexibly. The defects in the donor sites could be closed directly without skin graft. It is an effective, easy and ideal method for the reconstruction of large defects in the trunk.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perforator Flap ; Skin Transplantation ; Torso ; surgery ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to observe whether necroptosis is involved in the process of cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. SD rats underwent transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAC) operation for establishing cardiac hypertrophy model. The structure and function of the left ventricle of rats were evaluated via echocardiography, left ventricular mass index, the expression of markers of cardiac hypertrophy and histological detection. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the gene and protein expression of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3, the necroptosis markers) respectively. Four weeks after TAC operation, rat model for cardiac hypertrophy was established. The experimental data showed that the gene and protein expressions of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in the rat heart hypertrophic tissues after TAC for 4 weeks were increased significantly compared with those in the sham group. HE staining showed cardiomyocytes injury and hypertrophy in the hearts of TAC rat models. By transmission electron microscope, we observed that mitochondria of cardiomyocytes were damaged seriously in the TAC models. Treatment with losartan used, the selective antagonist of angiotensin II type I receptor could improve the cardiac function of TAC rats. Moreover, losartan treatment decreased the expression of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in heart tissues of TAC rats. The results suggest that necroptosis occurrs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy with pressure overload, and losartan could alleviate the cardiac hypertrophy and inhibit necroptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cardiomegaly ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Pressure ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into a variety of cell types and widely used in tissue regeneration engineering. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the cyclic biaxial stretching strain could promote the rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. The second or third generation of rBMSCs were randomly divided into the cyclic stretching stain group, the control group and the blank group. Those rBMSCs in the cyclic stretching strain group were seeded on a silicone membrane with complete medium were exposed to biaxial stretching strain of 10% of membrane at a frequency of 1 Hz lasting for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. Those in the control group were seeded on silicone membrane with complete medium. Those in the blank group were seeded in the 6-wells plates with complete medium. The mRNA expression of GATA4 and myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF-2C) were detected by the real-time fluorescent quantification PCR and the protein expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) was detected by using the Western blot method. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of the GATA4 and MEF-2C, and the protein expression level of Cx43 were significantly higher in the cyclic stretching strain groups, compared with those in the relative control groups (P < 0.05). It suggests that cyclic biaxial stretching strain could play a part in the induction of rBMSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, but the differentiation mechanism is still unclear.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical