Objective To compare the effects of two types of peripheral venous insertion of catheter in elderly patients with neurogliocytoma.Methods A total of 336 neurogliocytoma patients received intravenous drug treatment were randomly divided into two groups:midline catheter group (n =168) and periphery catheter group (n=168).The time course of venous insertion of catheter,frequency of insertion,time of catheter reservation,incidence of insertion complications and degree of satisfaction in patients were recorded.Results The time course of venous insertion and the time of catheter reservation were longer in midline group than in periphery group [(25.3±1.8) min vs.(0.8±0.1) min,(27.5±1.0) d vs.(2.9±0.4) d,respectively,both P＜0.05].The frequency of insertion and the incidence of phlebitis were lower in midline group than in periphery group [(1.1±0.3) vs.(12.2±0.4),8 cases (4.8％) vs.51 cases (30.4％),respectively,both P＜0.05].There were no significant differences in catheter occlusion,migration and removal between the two groups (all P＞ 0.05).The degree of satisfaction was higher in midline group than in periphery group (89.0％ vs.63.0％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It is suitable for elderly patients with neurogliocytoma to recieve intravenous drug treatment by midline catheter insertion.Midline catheter insertion can reduce the incidence of phlebitis and puncture damage,and elevate the degree of satisfaction.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the necessity to dissect the recurrent laryngeal nerve in operation of thyroid gland.Methods From Jan 2004 to Jan 2009,there were 512 patients in our hospital who underwent operation of thyroid gland,and they were divided into two groups aecording to whether or not the recurrent laryngeal nerve was dissected during the operation.The rate of injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve between the two groups was compared.Results Among the 189 cases in dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve group,3 cases(1.59%) had hoarseness after operation,and in the 323 cases without dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve group,5 cases(1.55%) had hoarseness after operation,but the difference was not significant(1.59% vs.1.55%).However,in the high risk cases between the two groups,the difference was significant(1.02% vs.3.95%).Conclusions Whether oe not to dissect the recurrent laryngeal nerve should be decided by the specific circumstances.For most benign lesions,one should,if possible,not expose the recurrent laryngeal nerve;but for large thyroid neoplasms,second or multiple operations and thyroid cancer,exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve is necessary.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic protective effects and function regulations of conventional antidiabetic treatment plus piperazine ferulate tablet on traumatic vascular endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:80 patients were randomly divided into the treating group(n=37)and the control group(n=43).Conventional antidiabetic treatment plus piperazine ferulate was given to the treating group,and the control group was treated with conventional antidiabetic treatment plus vitamin C every day,and all the patients were treated with 4 weeks.The levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin A1C(Hb A1C),circulating endothelial cell(CEC),serum lipid peroxide(LPO),endothelin(ET)、nitric oxide(NO),tissue-plasminogen activator(t-PA)were determined during the therapeutic period.RESULTS:After 4 weeks of treatment,the levels of serum CEC,LPO and ET were lower in the treating group than those in the control group(P

Objective To study the correlation between individual gene polymorphisms of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 + 869 T/C,tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) + 1525 G/A genes and nodular thyroid disease.Methods From September 2007 to December 2009,a total of 544 patients with nodular thyroid disease diagnosed in the Department of Endocrinology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology were selected,including 136 cases of nodular goiter patients (node group),132 cases of thyroid tumor (adenoma group),146 cases of Graves patients (GD group),and 130 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT group).One hundred and thirty-five healthy subjects were enrolled as control group.Two milliliters of fasting venous blood of all subjects were collected.Polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 + 869 T/C and the TRAIL 1525 A/G genes were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.Results TGF-β1 + 869 T/C:The CC genotypes and C allele frequencies of nodular goiter group [47.0％(64/136),63.2％(172/ 272)] were significantly higher than those of normal control group [18.0％(22/135),45.2％ (122/270); x2 =30.76,17.79,all P ＜ 0.05].The genotypes and allele frequencies of adenoma group[42.4％ (56/132),59.1％ (156/264)] were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (x2 =24.40,10.34,all P ＜ 0.05).The risk of population carrying the C allele suffering from nodular goiter was 2.086 times of those carrying the T allele (OR =2.086; 95％ CI:1.480-2.943).The risk of population carrying the C allele suffering from adenoma was 1.752 times of those carrying the T allele (OR =1.752,95％ CI:1.244-2.469).TRAIL + 1525 G/A:the genotypes and allele frequencies of nodular goiter group [40.4％ (55/136),62.9％ (171/272)] were significantly higher than those of normal control group [12.0％ (16/135),48.5％ (131/270); x2 =9.176,11.307,all P ＜ 0.05].The genotypes and allele frequencies of adenoma group[53.3％ (70/132),73.1％ (193/264)] were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (x2 =9.806,33.82,all P ＜ 0.05).The risk of population carrying the G allele suffering from nodular goiter was 1.796 times of those carrying the A allele (OR =1.796,95％ CI:1.275-2.531).The risk of population carrying the G allele suffering from adenoma was 2.884 times of those carrying the A allele (OR =2.884,95％ CI:2.009-4.142).Conclusions TGF-β1 + 869 T/C and TRAIL + 1525 G/A gene polymorphisms may be related to the incidence of nodular thyroid diseases; G allele of TRAIL and C allele of TGF-β1 may be predisposing genes of patients with nodular goiter.

Objective To investigate changes in T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with simple Graves' disease (GD)and Graves' disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (GD/T2DM). Methods Fifteen cases of GD/ T2DM were selected from our hospital from November 2001 to November 2004. Before and after therapy thyroid function, thyroglobulin antibody (TGA), thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA) and blood glucose level were measured, and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8) and NK cells (CD56) were measured by immunofluorescence double labeling monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry, respectively. At the same time, comparison was made with simple GD (15 cases), T2DM (15 cases) and healthy control (20 cases). Results Before therapy, CD4/CD8, CD4 and NK cells in GD/T2DM were less than normal, and there was no significant difference in comparison with simple GD (P<0.05). In T2DM group, only CD4/CD8 and CD4 were less than those of healthy controls (P<0.05). When thyroid function recovered after 1 to 3 months of methimazole treatment in both GD/T2DM and simple GD groups, various indexes recovered, which were more obvious in simple GD. Conclusion Immune hypofunction of GD may be the key to the immune abnormality of GD/T2DM, which is more significant than that of simple GD or T2DM. The recovery of thyroid function and immune abnormality is not consistent, and the recovery of GD is more significant than that of GD/T2DM.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of earthworm protein on the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （PI3K/Akt/Nrf2） pathway in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHR） and explore mechanism of earthworm protein in treating hypertensive vascular endothelial dysfunction （VED）. MethodTen 10-week-old Wistar Kyoto （WKY） rats and fifty SHR rats were selected for a week of adaptive feeding. WKY rats were selected as the normal group， and fifty SHR rats were randomized according to body weight into model， valsartan （8×10^-3 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （0.2， 0.1， 0.05 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） earthworm protein groups. The normal and model groups were administrated with equal volume of double distilled water by gavage. During the drug intervention period， the general situations of rats in each group were observed and their blood pressure was monitored at specific time points every other week before and after administration. After 8 weeks of drug intervention， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of angiotensin-Ⅱ （Ang-Ⅱ） and endothelin-1 （ET-1） in the serum of rats in each group. The corresponding kits were used to determine the levels of nitric oxide （NO）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GPX）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and ferrous ion （Fe²⁺）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was employed to observe the changes in the intima of the aorta. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to measure the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， Nrf2， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） in the aortic tissue. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of p-PI3K （Tyr467/199）， PI3K， p-Akt （Ser473）， Akt， Nrf2， HO-1， and GPX4 in the thoracic aorta. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group had decreased body mass， increased irritability， severe endothelial damage， elevated blood pressure and serum levels of Ang-Ⅱ， ET1， MDA， and Fe²⁺ （P<0.01）， lowered NO level （P<0.01）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of p-PI3K （Tyr467/199）， PI3K， p-Akt （Ser473）， Akt， Nrf2， HO-1， and GPX4 in the aortic tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， drug intervention caused no significant change in the body mass， calmed the rats， alleviated the endothelial damage， lowered blood pressure and serum levels of Ang-Ⅱ， ET1， MDA， and Fe²⁺ （P<0.01）， elevated the NO level （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of p-PI3K （Tyr467/199）， PI3K， p-Akt （Ser473）， Akt， Nrf2， HO-1， and GPX4 （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe earthworm protein can exert antihypertensive effects by ameliorating VED in SHR. Specifically， it may regulate the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and ferroptosis.

Formulating codes of ethics for nurses are not only the need of establishing nurses’ professional image and dignity, but also the demand of nursing discipline development. By combing the relevant documents of codes of ethics for nurses at home and abroad, this paper summarized the main contents and application of codes of ethics for nurses, found that codes of ethics for nurses were based on the basic principle of "patient-oriented", discussing the relationship between nurses and patients, collaborators, environment, society, specialty and personal development, and forming the constraint standard for nurses’ behavior in combination with the expectation of local cultural values for nursing industry. The codes of ethics for nurses in China need to further clarify the scope of nursing, formulate behavioral norms in various specialties, and through clinical evaluation, education, management and other aspects to promote its popularization and implementation.