Objective To compare the roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signal pathway in acute lung injury (ALl) induced by blunt chest trauma and by blunt chest trauma-hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (double hits) in rats.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 240-280 g,were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),blunt chest trauma group (T group),and blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation group (group THSR).Lung contusion was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs.Blood was withdrawn via the femoral artery 5 min later until MAP was decreased to 35-45 mmHg within 15 min and maintained at this level for 60 min,followed by resuscitation.At 6 h after the model was established,the arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis and detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in serum.Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated.The rats were then sacrificed and pulmonary specimens were obtained for determination of TLR4 expression and NF-κB ac tivity (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group S,PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly decreased,PaCO2 and TNF-α concentrations in serum were increased,TLR4 expression was up-regulated,and NF-κB activity was enhanced in T and THSR groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group T,PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly decreased,PaCO2 and TNF-α concentrations in serum were increased,TLR4 expression was up-regulated,and NF-κcB activity was enhanced in THSR group (P ＜ 0.05).The histopathological damage to lung tissues was aggravated in THSR group as compared with T group.Conclusion The role of TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway in ALI induced by blunt chest traumahemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (double hits) is significantly stronger than that in ALI induced by blunt chest trauma alone in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize water extraction technology of Shenqi yiqi capsules. METHODS:The water extraction technology of Shenqi yiqi capsules was optimized by L9(34)orthogonal test with amount of water added,decoction times and decoc-tion time as factors using the extraction rate of astragaloside,calyosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside,icariin and bergenin as index,and the verification test was made. RESULTS:The best extraction technology was as follows as 8-fold water,decocting for 3 times,2 h each time;comprehensive score of 3 batches of samples in validation test were 98.95,99.71 and 99.98(RSD<2%,n=3). CON-CLUSIONS:The water extraction technology optimized by multi-index comprehensive score-orthogonal test is stable,scientific and reasonable.

Objective To optimize extraction technology of flavonesingredients from Herba Epimedii by uniform design. Methods Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total flavonoids. Content of epimedin A, epimedin B,epimedin C,icariin and baohuosideⅠ were determined by HPLC. U10?( 108 ) uniform design was used to conduct the multiple comprehensive evaluation of six ingredients and comprehensively analyze the influence of the concentration and amount of ethanol, extracting time on extraction of flavonesin gredients from Herba Epimedii. Results The uniform design experiment showed that 15-fold weight of 60% ethanol,extracting 2 times and each time with 165 min were the optimum extraction condition. Conclusion The method is easy and reasonable to handle,has stable and reliable results,and good repeatability and feasibility.It can be applied in industrial production.

Objective: To explore the predictive value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods: A total of 77 patients of persistent AF as the first diagnosis with initial RFCA in our hospital were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Recurrent group, n=27 and Non recurrent group, n=50. Basic clinical conditions were studied by Cox model analysis to screen the risk factors for AF recurrence, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted to assess the predictive value of hs-CRP level on AF recurrence. Results: AF recurrence was related tothe age (HR=1.126, 95% CI 1.044-1.215, P=0.002), body mass index (HR=1.297, 95% CI 1.077-1.563, P=0.006), hypertension at stage II (HR=4.142, 95% CI 1.047-16.390, P=0.043), hypertension at stage III (HR=8.595, 95%CI 1.913-38.610, P=0.005), left atrial size (HR=1.438, 95% CI 1.212-1.707, P=0.000) and hs-CRP (HR=2.026, 95% CI 1.010-4.061,P=0.047). The area under ROC curve of hs-CRP level was 0.693,P=0.005 with the cut-off point at 0.355 mg/dl. Conclusion: Persistent AF recurrence after RFCA was related to pre-operative inflammatory status; actively control pre-operative condition may reduceAF recurrence, improve prognosis and decrease adverse cardiovascular event in relevant patients.

ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of combined thrombolysis and systemic anticoagulation therapy for the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST).MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive inpatients with CVST was undertaken. Patients were divided into two groups,combined thrombolysis group (CTG) and systemic anticoagulation group (SAG).CTG underwent improved thrombolysis scheme which included mechanical thrombus maceration and unremitting microdosis urokinase injection into the venous sinus besides low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation.Neurological deficits before and after treatment were graded with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).Functional outcomes at discharge were graded on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).ResultsThere were 30 cases in CTG ( male =9) and 86 cases in SAG ( male =23 ).There was no significant difference of neurological deficits before treatment between two groups(0-19 vs 0-17,Z =-0.474,P =0.636).After treatment,NIHSS and mRS at discharge were significantly decreased in CTG compared to SAG.There was no significant difference on the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions Combined thrombolysis is better than systemic anticoagulation in improving neurological function.Combined thrombolysis does not increase incidence of ICH compared to systemic anticoagulation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of leukocyte-depleted allogeneic blood transfusion on perioperafive cellular immunity in children.MethodsThree hundred and fifty-nine ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children aged 3 month-14 yr,weighing 5-74 kg requiring allogeneic blood transfusion during operation were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (group C,n =163) and leukocyte depletion group (group D,n =196).In group D allogeneic blood was filtered with a leukocyte filter before being transfused during operation.Blood samples were collected from peripheral vein before blood transfusion,and at 2 and 6 d after blood transfusion for determination of levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,and CD56+ by flow cytometry.CD4+/CD8+ ratio was calculated.The volume of allogeneic blood transfused during operation,the duration of operation,postoperative drainage,antibiotics administration and hospital stay and incidence of postoperative infection were recorded.ResultsThe levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD56+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly increased at 6 d after blood transfusion while the duration of postoperative drainage,postoperative antibiotics administration and hospital stay and incidence of postoperative infection were significantly decreased in group D compared with group C.ConclusionLeukocyte-depleted allogeneic blood transfusion is helpful in improving the postoperative cellular immunity in children.

Objective To observe olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on brain injury recovery nerve function and to explore its mechanism. Methods After purification of the olfactory ensheathing cells cultured for NGFRp75 immunocytochemical identification and preparation of cell suspension for transplantation, some cells were pre-labeled for bservation of survival after transplantation. 48 adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation without injury group (A group),cerebral cortex motor area injury group (B group) , the same brain injury and the olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation group (C group). At postoperative day,3 d, 7 d,14 d the neurological severity score (NSS) of rats were assessed; 14 d after injury of brain tissues were taken for NeuN immunohistochemistry host the number of neurons change. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS17.0 software. Results (1) Cultured olfactory ensheathing cells showed NCFRp75 positive,the positive rate was 90%. (2) 14 d after transplantation of nuclear fluorescence labeling of olfactory ensheathing cells survived well in the host body. (3) 14 d after NSS score of B group( 2.00 ± 0.53) and C group ( 1.25 ± 0.46) were significantly better than the B group (P<0.05). (4) NeuN positive cells in B group (39.2 ±7. 1) and C group(45, 8 ± 6.0) were significantly better than B group (P<0.05). Conclusions Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation can promote the recovery of neurological function in rats brain injury,which may be related with olfactory ensheathing cells to promote neuron survival in the host.

Objective To identify the effect of both high glucose and high insulin on miR-145 level.Methods The human vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs) were cultured and the proliferation of VSMCs was induced by high glucose and high insulin medium.The samples were divided into 4 groups: normal group, high glu-cose group (25 mmol/L), high insulin group (300 mU/L), high glucose and high insulin group.The ex-pression of miR-145 in VSMCs was assayed by real-time PCR.Proliferation of VSMCs was determined by MTT method After 72 h cultivation.The migration of VSMCs was analyzed by cell scratch test .VSMCs in each group was transfected by miR-145 virus ( lentiviral vector ) .Proliferation and migration were assayed after 48 h transfection.Results The expression of miR-145 in VSMCs of other three groups was decreased ( P<0.05 ) , especially the expression in the high glucose and insulin group was the lowest ( P<0.01 ) .Prolifera-tion and migration of VSMCs was promoted by high glucose and/or high insulin medium.Under fluorescent, transfection rate of VSMCs was about 80%after 48 h transfection.Proliferation and migration of VSMCs in each group after transfection were significantly lower than before ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions High glucose and high in-sulin could decrease the expression of miR-145 in VSMCs, The overexpression of miR-145 may inhibit the prolif-eration and migration of VSMCs .

Objective To investigate the effect of CCK-8 on CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1 expressions induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells.Methods RAW264.7 cells were incubated with LPS and/or CCK-8 and/or CCK-8 1R blocking agent devazepide for indicated times .CHOP and caspase-11 protein expressions were determined by West-ern blot , caspase-1 activity was analyzed by kit , IL-1βexpression level was analyzed by ELISA .Results Both CHOP and caspase-11 expression were upregulated in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cell, which were inhibited by pre-treatment of CCK-8 .Pre-treatment of devazepide inhibited the effects of CCK-8 significantly .The same effects were found in caspase-1 activity and IL-1βexpression .Conclusions CCK-8 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhib-iting CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1 expressions induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cell.CCK 1R may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of CCK-8.

Objective To evaluate the effects of leukocyte-depleted allogeneic blood transfusion on perioperative cellular immunity in children.Methods Three hundred and fifty-nine ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children (aged 3 months-14 years and weighing 5-74 kg) requiring allogeneic blood transfusion during operation were randomly divided into two groups:163 children receiving normal allogeneic blood transfusion (control group,group C) and 196 children receiving leukocyte-depleted allogeneic blood transfusion (group D).Blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein before blood transfusion,and 2 and 6 days after blood transfusion for determination of the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8 +,and CD56+ by flow cytometry.CD4+ /CD8+ ratio was calculated.The volume of allogeneic blood transfusion during operation,the duration of operation,postoperative drainage,antibiotic administration,hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative infection were recorded.Rssults The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD56+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio significantly increased at 6 days after blood transfusion while the duration of postoperative drainage,postoperative antibiotic administration,hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative infection significantly decreased in group D compared with group C.Conclusion Leukocyte-depleted allogeneic blood transfusion is helpful in improving the postoperative cellular immunity in children.