Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a new member of lipocalin family,existing in some normal tissues in human body.During recent years,Some researches have shown that NGAL is associated with kidney disease.NGAL maybe a biomarker which can detect acute kidney injury (AKI) in the early phase compared with serum creatinine,a traditional blood biomarker for diagnosis of AKI.Some researches showed that NGAL also maybe a biomarker that can monitor the progress and treatment effect of chronic kidney disease.In patients with end-stage renal disease,NGAL maybe an index for dialysis adequency.

Objective To establish the modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid -fast staining method and to investigate the value of modi-fied Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining method of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)with negative sputum specimen.Methods 50 cases of negative sputum pulmonary TB were performed the bronchoalveolar lavage by the fiberoptic bronchoscope before the treatment,at the same time,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected and detected by the two methods of the traditional and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining.The diagnostic positive rates were compared between the two groups.Results The positive rates of the two kinds of acid-fast staining method were 38% and 82% respectively,the difference showing statistical significance(P <0.05 ).Conclusion The modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can highly improve the positive diagnostic rate of pulmonary TB patients with negative sputum and deserves to be clinically promoted.

Objective To study the intervention effect of montelukast on thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC) in the children with asthma.Methods 100 children with asthma were randomly divided into montelukast (LTRA) group ( n = 50) and budesonide (BUD) group ( n = 50), the LTRA group was treated with montelukast, the BUD group was treated with budesonide,50 children without asthma as control group were inhaled NS.Before and after 7 days treatment,the asthma symptoms, FEV1,concentration of TARC were measured.Results Before treatment,the concentration of TARC in asthma group was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05 ).After treatment, the concentration of TARC in BUD group and LTRA group was significandy decreased( P < 0.05 ), but the difference between these two groups was not significantl( P > 0.05 ), the concentration of TARC in control group was not significantly decreased(P > 0.05 ) ;the symptoms were better after treatment in BUD group and LTRA group,(P <0,05) ,and the pulmonary function was significantly improved after treatment in BUD group and LTRA group ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion TARC was the important factor in children asthma.Montelukast could block the production of TARC ,and was more convenient and safe for children asthma.

Objective: To understand the medication compliance of inpatients with essential hypertension, analyze the influencing factors in medication compliance of the patients and perform the targeted medication education and pharmaceutical care.Methods: Medication education and guide were conducted in 50 cases of patients with essential hypertension based on the main contents in guidelines for prevention of hypertension.Every patient completed regular follow-ups in two months after being recruited.The relevant information about the treatment and medication were collected and analyzed.Results: Through the medication education and pharmaceutical care, the patients had a better understanding on the relevant knowledge of hypertension, rational drug use and treatment.Among the 50 patients, the percentage of completely following the doctor's advice on the hypertension medication was 86%, that of quitting smoking and limiting alcohol was 82%, and that of optimized life way was 78%, and totally 82% of the patients effectively controlled blood pressure or improved markedly when compared with the situation on admission.Conclusion: Medication education and pharmaceutical care conducted by clinical pharmacists is very important for the patients with high blood pressure.It can help patients build a good lifestyle or improve the quality of life by improving the medication compliance of patients, alleviating complications and reducing adverse drug reactions.

Objective To explore the functions of neuron‐specific enolase(NSE) and human multiple myeloma U266 cells on osteoclast‐like cells(OLC) function .Methods Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were induced and cultured by adding RANKL and M‐CSF to get OLC ;the experiment was divided into 3 groups ,the NSE group:OLC were cultured in the 6‐well culture plate for 14 d and added with 100 ng/mL recombinant human NSE to culture for 24 ,48 ,72 h;the co‐culture group:OLC were cultured in the lower well of 6‐well Transwell chamber for 14 d ,then added with 1 × 105/well U266 cells in each upper well and conducted the co‐culture for 24 ,48 ,72 h;the control group :OLC were cultured alone .The influences of NSE and U266 cell line on RANKL ,OPG ,IL‐6 and TRAP mRNA transcriptional level of OLS were compared by using real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR .Results RANKL ,OPG ,IL‐6 mRNA had no expression on OLC in the co‐culture group ,NSE group and control group ;com‐pared with control group ,the TRAP mRNA expression level in the co‐culture group and the NSE group was increased ,the differ‐ence was statistically significant(P<0 .01);the increase of TRAP mRNA expression level was obvious especially at 48 ,72 h .Con‐clusion OLC expressing TRAP and NSE may be one of the factors for promoting OLC differentiation and maturation in myeloma bone disease ,prompting that NSE could increase the OLC viability .

Objective To establish a headspace gas chromatography method for determination of nine residual solvents in grape seed extract. Methods The residual solvents in grape seed extract were separated on DB-WAX column (30 m× 0.45 mm, 0.85 μm) with an FID detector; the injector temperature and the detector temperature was set at 220 ℃ and 250 ℃ , respectively; the chapiter pressure was 27.58 kPa; the containers of headspace injector were in equilibrium for 30 min at 80 ℃ ;the N, N-dimethylformamide was used as the solvent. Results The detected solvents were well separated. Good linear relationship of the benzene and ethanol was obtained within the range of 0.04-0.3,100-750 μg?mL-1 , respectively. Good linear relationships of the hexane, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, toluene and 1,2-diethyl benzene solvents were obtained within the range of 0.4-3.0 μg?mL-1 (r≥0.995 8), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of the nine solvents were 96.35%,97.08%,97.31%,89.93%,92.35%,90.65%,88.56%,93.84%,86.51% and the RSDs were 4.38%,2.16%,3.49%, 4.19%,4.80%,4. 83%,4. 70%,5. 00%,4. 39%, respectively. Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid and accurate, which can be used for the determination of residual solvents in grape seed extract and can simultaneously provide scientific basic for quality control.

BACKGROUND:The low oxygen environment after femoral fracture and cerebral trauma wil induce series of related cytokines expression, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1, which play key roles in regulating bone healing. However, whether the accelerated bone healing is correlated with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 is stil unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To construct rat models of brain injury, to compare the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 in femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma rats and simple femoral fracture rats, and to assess the influence of cerebral trauma on bone healing.
METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into blank group, simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group. At 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after modeling, rats were executed. Bone healing was evaluated using femoral fracture end X-ray score and hematoxylin and eosin staining at cal us tissues. Besides, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 of three groups were determined with immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone healing in the femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group was better than that of simple femoral fracture group. There was significant difference in the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 between the simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group (P<0.05). At the same time, the level of simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group was significantly higher than that of blank group, and that in femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group was significantly higher than that of simple femoral fracture group (P<0.05). Results verified that the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 of rats with femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma were significantly high, which may be the major reason why the bone healing was accelerated after fracture combined with brain injury.

Objective To explore the establishment of nursing work model and clinical application in anuria ward. Methods Established the nursing model of anuria ward in rehabilitation department, including the establishment of neurogenic bladder functional rehabilitation nursing specialist group. Define organizational structure, division of labor and responsibilities, conduct continuous personnel training, education and assessment, formulate standardized procedures for rehabilitation and nursing of neurogenic bladder function, implement bladder function assessment, bladder function training, health education, etc. Stage summary and continuous quality improvement. Results The scores of nurses' theoretical examination, skill assessment, nurses'own satisfaction and doctors'satisfaction were 79.6 ±2.1 and 78.5 ±3.5, 91.3 ±2.3, 93.2±1.8, 92.5 ±2.4, respectively. After the implementation of the model, the scores were 89.2 ±1.8, 87.6 ±2.7, 96.3 ±3.6 and 97.4 ±1.6, 98.6 ±1.3, respectively. Before and after the implementation of the model, the differences were statistically significant (t=-8.755--7.685, P<0.05). The number of days of indwelling urinary catheter, residual urinary volume of bladder, and urinary system infection cases before the implementation of the model were (31.63 ±8.47) days and (263.38 ±18.62) ml, (15.03±3.10) cases, (21.27 ±1.64) days, respectively; and (8.78 ±4.32) days, (79.39 ±17.36)ml, (5.36 ± 1.35) cases, (12.45 ± 1.78) days, respectively after the implementation. There was significant difference between the two groups (t =- 23.643--5.874, P < 0.05). Conclusions The establishment of nursing work model without urinary tube ward it can obviously improve the nurses'theory and skill operation level of bladder function rehabilitation nursing, nurses themselves and doctors, patients'satisfaction to nurses, and significantly reduce the number of days of indwelling catheter, urinary bladder residual urine, urinary tract feeling and hospitalization days. The nursing work mode of no urinary tube ward is normative and operable, and it is worth popularizing in clinic.

Objective:To explore the application of typical tasks-based mind mapping in nursing teaching for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods:A total of 102 nursing students who were involved in the nursing of children with ASD in Hunan Children's Hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the teaching methods. Fifty-one students in the control group were provided with conventional teaching, while 51 students in the observation group were provided with typical tasks-based mind mapping teaching. The students in the two groups were assessed for performance, self-directed learning ability score, and overall literacy at completion of the nursing course. SPSS 22.0 was used for the t test. Results:The scores of theoretical examination[(92.34±4.07) vs. (89.92±3.61)], nursing note writing[(91.07±3.84) vs. (88.60±3.59)], and operational examination[(90.47±2.98) vs. (88.52±2.73)] were significantly higher among students in the observation group than among those in the control group ( P<0.05); after the internship, students in the two groups had significantly increased scores in interpersonal relationships, learning awareness, learning strategies, learning behaviors, and learning evaluation, and the observation group had better performance than the control group in the above indices ( P<0.05); after the internship, students in the two groups had significantly increased scores in problem solving, interpersonal communication, critical thinking, and self-leadership, and the observation group had better performance than the control group in the above indices ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of typical tasks-based mind mapping in nursing teaching for children with ASD can improve nursing students' academic performance, enhance their self-directed learning, and improve their overall literacy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different kind of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in treating Kawasaki disease (KD) and preventing cardiac consequences (coronary artery lesion, CAL). Methods A questionnaire form and guideline for KD diagnosis were sent to 50 hospitals providing pediatric medical care in Shanghai. The data from a total of 1 682 KD patients were collected. It included 1 064 males and 618 females from 1998 through 2008 in Shanghai. The average age of the KD patients was (2.57±2.33) years old (0.1-18.8 years).The patients had been divided into 6 groups for different IVIG therapy, which included 1 g/kg once, 2 g/kg once, 0.4-0.5 g/kg five times, 1 g/kg twice, 2 g/kg twice and others. SAS 6.12 software was used for statistical analysis. Results In all KD patients, the patients treated with IV1G in 5th-10th day of illness has the least cardiac complication and CAL incidence and the group with IVIG therapy of 1 g/kg twice also has the least cardiac complication and CAL incidence. Conclusions The best doses of IVIG in treating KD is 1 g/kg twice and the IVIG therapy should be used in 5th-10th day of KD illness.