Objective:To describe the trend of changes in the disease burden of age-related hearing loss in China and globally from 1990 to 2021,to forecast the prevalence and years lived with disability(YLD)rates of age-related hearing loss from 2022 to 2036,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of the disease burden associated with age-related hearing loss.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021(GBD2021)data,this study selected age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and YLD as indicators.The disease burden and long-term trends of age-related hearing loss in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were described by different socio-demographic index(SDI)and gender.Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the average annual percent change(AAPC)to assess the trend changes in the disease burden.Decomposition analysis was applied to explore the relative im-pacts of aging,population growth,and epidemiological changes on the variation in disease burden.An autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was used to forecast the age-standardized pre-valence rate and YLD rates from 2022 to 2036.Results:The prevalence of age-related hearing loss in China in 2021 was 82 162.49(73 288.08-89 187.21)per 100 000,higher than the global SDI level of 66 238.16(59 982.54-72 669.82)per 100 000,the high SDI region's level of 57 650.42(52 059.12-63 889.02)per 100 000,the upper-middle SDI region's level of 69 115.59(62 494.18-75 340.64)per 100 000,the middle SDI region's level of 72 365.56(65 181.43-78 912.01)per 100 000,the lower-middle SDI region's level of 64 439.66(58 368.22-71 468.27)per 100 000,and the low SDI region's level of 61 725.25(55 749.18-68 477.67)per 100 000.The age-related hearing loss YLD rate in China was 2 762.98[95％uncertainty interval(UI):1 855.28-3 880.68]per100000,higher than the global SDI level of 2 236.75(95％UI:1 511.56-3 155.88)per 100 000,the high SDI region's level of 1 805.79(95％UI:1 212.69-2 577.17)per 100 000,the upper-middle SDI re-gion's level of 2 316.58(95％UI:1 557.53-3 274.87)per 100 000,the middle SDI region's level of 2 480.99(95％UI:1 678.17-3 489.24)per 100 000,the lower-middle SDI region's level of 2 313.28(95％UI:1 578.35-3 271.50)per 100 000,and the low SDI region's level of 2 383.55(95％UI:1 623.66-3 365.68)per 100 000.From 1990 to 2021,both the prevalence and YLD rate of age-related hearing loss in China showed an increasing trend,rising by an average of 0.18％(95％CI:0.16％-0.19％)and 0.29％(95％CI:0.27％-0.30％)per year,respectively.The rates of in-crease in prevalence were the same for both men and women,with men showing a 0.18％increase(95％CI:0.17％-0.19％,P＜0.001)and women showing a 0.18％increase(95％CI:0.16％-0.19％,P＜0.001).However,the YLD rate increase was faster in men than in women,with men experiencing a 0.32％increase(95％CI:0.27％-0.37％,P＜0.001)and women experiencing a 0.27％increase(95％CI:0.26％-0.28％,P＜0.001).Decomposition analysis showed that population growth was the main factor driving the increase in prevalence and YLD rate globally and across different SDI regions.However,aging was the primary factor contributing to the increase in prevalence and YLD rate in China.ARIMA model predictions suggested that the prevalence and YLD rate of age-related hearing loss would continue to rise from 2022 to 2036,with the predicted prevalence and YLD rate in 2036 reaching 89 723.99 per 100 000 and 2 872.47 per 100 000,respectively.Conclusion:The prevalence and disease burden of age-related hearing loss in individuals aged 60 and above in China rank first globally.From 1990 to 2021,both the prevalence and YLD rate of age-related hearing loss have shown a continuous upward trend,consistently surpassing the levels observed in various SDI regions worldwide.The prevalence and disease burden of age-related hearing loss are particularly significant among elderly men.Moreover,projections indicate that the disease burden of age-related hearing loss will continue to rise over the next 15 years.Therefore,it is urgent to pay close attention to age-related hearing loss in this specific population,and early intervention measures are crucial to reduce the disease burden associated with age-related hearing loss.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the composition of bone marrow lymphocyte subsets and the clinical attributes observed in de novo AML patients, as well as their influence on prognosis. Methods: A detailed study was carried out on a cohort of 191 de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients who were admitted to our medical center between October 2022 and September 2024. In addition, a group of 24 patients with iron deficiency anemia individuals was carefully chosen as the control cohort. The proportions of lymphocyte subsets within the bone marrow of de novo AML patients were analyzed. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis was performed to investigate the association between the expression levels of these subsets in de novo AML patients and their clinical attributes, as well as their prognostic implications. Results: The proportion of CD19 and CD56 lymphocytes within the bone marrow of de novo AML patients significantly diminished compared to the control cohort (8.5% vs 13.2% P<0.05, and 15.5% vs 18.0%, P<0.05). Conversely, no significant discrepancies were observed in the CD3 , CD3 CD4 , and CD3 CD8 lymphocyte percentages between the AML patients and control group (71.7% vs 72.1%, 32.5% vs 33.7% and 32.8% vs 35.7%, P>0.05). When analyzing the relationships between lymphocyte subsets within the bone marrow of de novo patients and their respective clinical characteristics, patients aged 60 years and above exhibited diminished percentages of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes in the bone marrow compared to their younger counterparts (31.6% vs 34.1%, P<0.05), while the CD56 lymphocyte subsets demonstrated an increased prevalence (17.2% vs 14.4%, P<0.05). Furthermore, patients with leukocytosis (WBC≥100×10 /L) presented lower levels of CD3 and CD3 CD4 lymphocytes in the bone marrow compared with those without it (65.3% vs 72.9% P<0.05, and 28.9% vs 33.2%, P<0.05), respectively. The AML1-ETO fusion gene-positive cohort exhibited a higher prevalence of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes in the bone marrow than in the negative group (38.2% vs 32.3%, P<0.05), whereas the FLT3-ITD mutation-positive group presented a decreased prevalence of CD56 lymphocytes compared with the negative group (12.4% vs 16.8%, P<0.05). In addition, the NPM1 mutation-positive group demonstrated lower levels of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes in the bone marrow than in the negative group (29.1% vs 33.3%, P<0.05). Variables such as tumor protein p53(TP53) mutation positive, the absence of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and CD3 CD4 lymphocyte proportions below 25% were identified as independent adverse prognostic indicators for AML patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pathogenesis of AML is closely associated with an imbalance in bone marrow lymphocyte subsets. The FLT3-ITD mutation potentially contributes to the dysregulation of CD56 lymphocyte subset expression. The AML1-ETO fusion gene and NPM1 mutation are implicated in the abnormal expression of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes within the bone marrow. Moreover, the percentage of CD3 CD4 lymphocytes in the bone marrow serves as a prognostic factor for de novo AML patients.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the composition of bone marrow lymphocyte subsets and the clinical attributes observed in de novo AML patients, as well as their influence on prognosis. Methods: A detailed study was carried out on a cohort of 191 de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients who were admitted to our medical center between October 2022 and September 2024. In addition, a group of 24 patients with iron deficiency anemia individuals was carefully chosen as the control cohort. The proportions of lymphocyte subsets within the bone marrow of de novo AML patients were analyzed. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis was performed to investigate the association between the expression levels of these subsets in de novo AML patients and their clinical attributes, as well as their prognostic implications. Results: The proportion of CD19 and CD56 lymphocytes within the bone marrow of de novo AML patients significantly diminished compared to the control cohort (8.5% vs 13.2% P<0.05, and 15.5% vs 18.0%, P<0.05). Conversely, no significant discrepancies were observed in the CD3 , CD3 CD4 , and CD3 CD8 lymphocyte percentages between the AML patients and control group (71.7% vs 72.1%, 32.5% vs 33.7% and 32.8% vs 35.7%, P>0.05). When analyzing the relationships between lymphocyte subsets within the bone marrow of de novo patients and their respective clinical characteristics, patients aged 60 years and above exhibited diminished percentages of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes in the bone marrow compared to their younger counterparts (31.6% vs 34.1%, P<0.05), while the CD56 lymphocyte subsets demonstrated an increased prevalence (17.2% vs 14.4%, P<0.05). Furthermore, patients with leukocytosis (WBC≥100×10 /L) presented lower levels of CD3 and CD3 CD4 lymphocytes in the bone marrow compared with those without it (65.3% vs 72.9% P<0.05, and 28.9% vs 33.2%, P<0.05), respectively. The AML1-ETO fusion gene-positive cohort exhibited a higher prevalence of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes in the bone marrow than in the negative group (38.2% vs 32.3%, P<0.05), whereas the FLT3-ITD mutation-positive group presented a decreased prevalence of CD56 lymphocytes compared with the negative group (12.4% vs 16.8%, P<0.05). In addition, the NPM1 mutation-positive group demonstrated lower levels of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes in the bone marrow than in the negative group (29.1% vs 33.3%, P<0.05). Variables such as tumor protein p53(TP53) mutation positive, the absence of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and CD3 CD4 lymphocyte proportions below 25% were identified as independent adverse prognostic indicators for AML patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pathogenesis of AML is closely associated with an imbalance in bone marrow lymphocyte subsets. The FLT3-ITD mutation potentially contributes to the dysregulation of CD56 lymphocyte subset expression. The AML1-ETO fusion gene and NPM1 mutation are implicated in the abnormal expression of CD3 CD8 lymphocytes within the bone marrow. Moreover, the percentage of CD3 CD4 lymphocytes in the bone marrow serves as a prognostic factor for de novo AML patients.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) on human sperm cryopreservation and explore its underlying protective mechanisms.Methods:A total of 165 normal fresh semen samples were collected from the Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Sperm Bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between December 2022 and December 2024. Among them, 65 samples were used to obtain semen parameters before and after conventional freezing. Each sample of the other 104 samples was mixed at a 2∶1 volume ratio with cryoprotectant containing 0, 10 -?, 10 -?, or 10 -? mol/L RSV, followed by cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Post-thaw assessments included routine sperm parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) evaluated by sperm chromatin dispersion assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels measured via flow cytometry, RSV and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) interactions examined by molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), NRF2 protein contents analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, mRNA levels of NRF2 and downstream antioxidant proteins Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) quantified by qRT-PCR and effects of NRF2 inhibitor ML385 on sperm parameters. Results:Compared with fresh samples, conventional cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility (all P<0.001). The addition of 10 -? mol/L RSV significantly improved the percentage of forward motile sperm after freezing (26.98%±8.98% vs. 19.61%±8.03%, P<0.001) while reducing DFI (9.84%±3.81% vs. 15.06%±4.22%, P<0.001) and ROS levels ( P<0.001) compared with the post-freezing group without the addition of RSV. Both molecular docking analysis and CETSA confirmed that RSV interacted with NRF2. Notably, sperm cryopreserved with 10 -? mol/L RSV exhibited significantly higher contents of NRF2 and its downstream effectors HO-1 and NQO1 compared with the post-freezing group without the addition of RSV (all P<0.001). This protective effect was markedly attenuated by co-treatment with the NRF2 inhibitor ML385, as evidenced by a significant decline in sperm motility ( P<0.001). Conclusion:RSV exerts cryoprotective effects likely through NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathways, reducing oxidative stress and enhancing post-thaw sperm quality.

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between locations of ventricular septal perforation and 30-day prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Methods:Clinical data of 150 acute myocardial infarction patients with ventricular septal perforation admitted to Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2009 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the difference in 30-day survival rate among patients with different sites of ventricular septal perforation.The impact of locations of ventricular septal perforation on 30-day prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise).Results:In acute myocardial infarction patients,the occurrence of anterior ventricular septal perforation was higher than that of posterior ventricular septal perforation(79.5%vs.20.5%,P<0.001).In the anterior ventricular septal perforation patients,females were more common(50.0%vs.22.6%,P=0.006),the blood glucose level was higher([10.51±5.99]mmol/L vs.[8.02±2.81]mmol/L,P=0.026),the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was smaller([50.7±6.1]mm vs.[55.1±5.0]mm,P<0.001),the ventricular septal aperture was also smaller([9.8±4.6]mm vs.[12.6±5.4]mm,P=0.004),30-day mortality was higher(55.8%vs.35.5%,P=0.043)compared with posterior ventricular septal perforation patients.Multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise)showed that no transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure(HR=26.344,95%CI:8.261-84.009,P<0.001)and anterior ventricular septal perforation(HR=2.432,95%CI:1.281-4.619,P=0.007)were associated with increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Conclusions:In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation,the incidence of anterior ventricular septal perforation is higher than posterior ventricular septal perforation and the 30-day all-cause mortality of anterior ventricular septal perforation patients is also higher.No transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure and anterior ventricular septal perforation are the independent influential factors of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular septal perforation.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) on human sperm cryopreservation and explore its underlying protective mechanisms.Methods:A total of 165 normal fresh semen samples were collected from the Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Sperm Bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between December 2022 and December 2024. Among them, 65 samples were used to obtain semen parameters before and after conventional freezing. Each sample of the other 104 samples was mixed at a 2∶1 volume ratio with cryoprotectant containing 0, 10 -?, 10 -?, or 10 -? mol/L RSV, followed by cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Post-thaw assessments included routine sperm parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) evaluated by sperm chromatin dispersion assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels measured via flow cytometry, RSV and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) interactions examined by molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), NRF2 protein contents analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, mRNA levels of NRF2 and downstream antioxidant proteins Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) quantified by qRT-PCR and effects of NRF2 inhibitor ML385 on sperm parameters. Results:Compared with fresh samples, conventional cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility (all P<0.001). The addition of 10 -? mol/L RSV significantly improved the percentage of forward motile sperm after freezing (26.98%±8.98% vs. 19.61%±8.03%, P<0.001) while reducing DFI (9.84%±3.81% vs. 15.06%±4.22%, P<0.001) and ROS levels ( P<0.001) compared with the post-freezing group without the addition of RSV. Both molecular docking analysis and CETSA confirmed that RSV interacted with NRF2. Notably, sperm cryopreserved with 10 -? mol/L RSV exhibited significantly higher contents of NRF2 and its downstream effectors HO-1 and NQO1 compared with the post-freezing group without the addition of RSV (all P<0.001). This protective effect was markedly attenuated by co-treatment with the NRF2 inhibitor ML385, as evidenced by a significant decline in sperm motility ( P<0.001). Conclusion:RSV exerts cryoprotective effects likely through NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathways, reducing oxidative stress and enhancing post-thaw sperm quality.

Objectives:To investigate the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients with a family history of premature coronary heart disease(FHpCHD)in China and analyze the relationship between these risk factors and premature myocardial infarction.Methods:Using data form the Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction(CAMI)Registry which enrolled a total of 28 070 patients with AMI from 108 hospitals between January 1,2013 to September 30,2014.We compared the demographic data,cardiovascular risk factors,clinical characteristics,and prognosis in AMI patients with and without FHpCHD.FHpCHD is defined as the history of myocardial infarction,angina,sudden cardiac death and/or revascularization(including coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention)among first-degree relatives(father,mother,brother and sister)aged≤55 years old for men or≤65 years old for women.The risk factors included obesity,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,unhealthy diet,lack of physical activity,smoking,and frequent alcohol consumption.The correlation between family history and premature AMI was calculated by the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The risk contribution values of the affected first-degree relatives were determined by applying the Shapley algorithm.Results:A total of 893 cases(4.12%)of AMI patients had FHpCHD.Among patients with premature AMI,467 cases(6.20%)had FHpCHD.AMI patients with FHpCHD were younger,and had a higher proportion of male,obesity/overweight,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and stroke history,unhealthy lifestyle(such as frequent alcohol consumption and current smoking),and a higher proportion of multi-vessel lesions in coronary angiography compared to those without FHpCHD(all P<0.05).AMI patients with FHpCHD had a significantly higher proportion of risk factors(P<0.01).After adjusting for sociodemographic factors,lifestyle,and cardiovascular risk factors,multivariate Logistic analysis revealed that FHpCHD was significantly associated with premature AMI(OR=1.793,95%CI:1.553-2.070,P<0.0001).The calculation using the Shapley algorithm showed that the father had the highest risk contribution value(40.27%).Conclusions:AMI patients with FHpCHD exhibit a clustering of family unhealthy lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors,with an earlier onset age and more severe coronary artery disease.FHpCHD is associated with AMI,independent of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objectives:To investigate the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients with a family history of premature coronary heart disease(FHpCHD)in China and analyze the relationship between these risk factors and premature myocardial infarction.Methods:Using data form the Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction(CAMI)Registry which enrolled a total of 28 070 patients with AMI from 108 hospitals between January 1,2013 to September 30,2014.We compared the demographic data,cardiovascular risk factors,clinical characteristics,and prognosis in AMI patients with and without FHpCHD.FHpCHD is defined as the history of myocardial infarction,angina,sudden cardiac death and/or revascularization(including coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention)among first-degree relatives(father,mother,brother and sister)aged≤55 years old for men or≤65 years old for women.The risk factors included obesity,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,unhealthy diet,lack of physical activity,smoking,and frequent alcohol consumption.The correlation between family history and premature AMI was calculated by the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The risk contribution values of the affected first-degree relatives were determined by applying the Shapley algorithm.Results:A total of 893 cases(4.12%)of AMI patients had FHpCHD.Among patients with premature AMI,467 cases(6.20%)had FHpCHD.AMI patients with FHpCHD were younger,and had a higher proportion of male,obesity/overweight,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and stroke history,unhealthy lifestyle(such as frequent alcohol consumption and current smoking),and a higher proportion of multi-vessel lesions in coronary angiography compared to those without FHpCHD(all P<0.05).AMI patients with FHpCHD had a significantly higher proportion of risk factors(P<0.01).After adjusting for sociodemographic factors,lifestyle,and cardiovascular risk factors,multivariate Logistic analysis revealed that FHpCHD was significantly associated with premature AMI(OR=1.793,95%CI:1.553-2.070,P<0.0001).The calculation using the Shapley algorithm showed that the father had the highest risk contribution value(40.27%).Conclusions:AMI patients with FHpCHD exhibit a clustering of family unhealthy lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors,with an earlier onset age and more severe coronary artery disease.FHpCHD is associated with AMI,independent of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective:To describe the trend of changes in the disease burden of age-related hearing loss in China and globally from 1990 to 2021,to forecast the prevalence and years lived with disability(YLD)rates of age-related hearing loss from 2022 to 2036,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of the disease burden associated with age-related hearing loss.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021(GBD2021)data,this study selected age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and YLD as indicators.The disease burden and long-term trends of age-related hearing loss in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were described by different socio-demographic index(SDI)and gender.Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the average annual percent change(AAPC)to assess the trend changes in the disease burden.Decomposition analysis was applied to explore the relative im-pacts of aging,population growth,and epidemiological changes on the variation in disease burden.An autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was used to forecast the age-standardized pre-valence rate and YLD rates from 2022 to 2036.Results:The prevalence of age-related hearing loss in China in 2021 was 82 162.49(73 288.08-89 187.21)per 100 000,higher than the global SDI level of 66 238.16(59 982.54-72 669.82)per 100 000,the high SDI region's level of 57 650.42(52 059.12-63 889.02)per 100 000,the upper-middle SDI region's level of 69 115.59(62 494.18-75 340.64)per 100 000,the middle SDI region's level of 72 365.56(65 181.43-78 912.01)per 100 000,the lower-middle SDI region's level of 64 439.66(58 368.22-71 468.27)per 100 000,and the low SDI region's level of 61 725.25(55 749.18-68 477.67)per 100 000.The age-related hearing loss YLD rate in China was 2 762.98[95％uncertainty interval(UI):1 855.28-3 880.68]per100000,higher than the global SDI level of 2 236.75(95％UI:1 511.56-3 155.88)per 100 000,the high SDI region's level of 1 805.79(95％UI:1 212.69-2 577.17)per 100 000,the upper-middle SDI re-gion's level of 2 316.58(95％UI:1 557.53-3 274.87)per 100 000,the middle SDI region's level of 2 480.99(95％UI:1 678.17-3 489.24)per 100 000,the lower-middle SDI region's level of 2 313.28(95％UI:1 578.35-3 271.50)per 100 000,and the low SDI region's level of 2 383.55(95％UI:1 623.66-3 365.68)per 100 000.From 1990 to 2021,both the prevalence and YLD rate of age-related hearing loss in China showed an increasing trend,rising by an average of 0.18％(95％CI:0.16％-0.19％)and 0.29％(95％CI:0.27％-0.30％)per year,respectively.The rates of in-crease in prevalence were the same for both men and women,with men showing a 0.18％increase(95％CI:0.17％-0.19％,P＜0.001)and women showing a 0.18％increase(95％CI:0.16％-0.19％,P＜0.001).However,the YLD rate increase was faster in men than in women,with men experiencing a 0.32％increase(95％CI:0.27％-0.37％,P＜0.001)and women experiencing a 0.27％increase(95％CI:0.26％-0.28％,P＜0.001).Decomposition analysis showed that population growth was the main factor driving the increase in prevalence and YLD rate globally and across different SDI regions.However,aging was the primary factor contributing to the increase in prevalence and YLD rate in China.ARIMA model predictions suggested that the prevalence and YLD rate of age-related hearing loss would continue to rise from 2022 to 2036,with the predicted prevalence and YLD rate in 2036 reaching 89 723.99 per 100 000 and 2 872.47 per 100 000,respectively.Conclusion:The prevalence and disease burden of age-related hearing loss in individuals aged 60 and above in China rank first globally.From 1990 to 2021,both the prevalence and YLD rate of age-related hearing loss have shown a continuous upward trend,consistently surpassing the levels observed in various SDI regions worldwide.The prevalence and disease burden of age-related hearing loss are particularly significant among elderly men.Moreover,projections indicate that the disease burden of age-related hearing loss will continue to rise over the next 15 years.Therefore,it is urgent to pay close attention to age-related hearing loss in this specific population,and early intervention measures are crucial to reduce the disease burden associated with age-related hearing loss.

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between locations of ventricular septal perforation and 30-day prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Methods:Clinical data of 150 acute myocardial infarction patients with ventricular septal perforation admitted to Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2009 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the difference in 30-day survival rate among patients with different sites of ventricular septal perforation.The impact of locations of ventricular septal perforation on 30-day prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise).Results:In acute myocardial infarction patients,the occurrence of anterior ventricular septal perforation was higher than that of posterior ventricular septal perforation(79.5%vs.20.5%,P<0.001).In the anterior ventricular septal perforation patients,females were more common(50.0%vs.22.6%,P=0.006),the blood glucose level was higher([10.51±5.99]mmol/L vs.[8.02±2.81]mmol/L,P=0.026),the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was smaller([50.7±6.1]mm vs.[55.1±5.0]mm,P<0.001),the ventricular septal aperture was also smaller([9.8±4.6]mm vs.[12.6±5.4]mm,P=0.004),30-day mortality was higher(55.8%vs.35.5%,P=0.043)compared with posterior ventricular septal perforation patients.Multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise)showed that no transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure(HR=26.344,95%CI:8.261-84.009,P<0.001)and anterior ventricular septal perforation(HR=2.432,95%CI:1.281-4.619,P=0.007)were associated with increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Conclusions:In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation,the incidence of anterior ventricular septal perforation is higher than posterior ventricular septal perforation and the 30-day all-cause mortality of anterior ventricular septal perforation patients is also higher.No transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure and anterior ventricular septal perforation are the independent influential factors of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular septal perforation.