OBJECTIVE:To use the computer in the modern management of the files of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM). METHODS: According to the general procedure of TDM, an application software was programmed with database programming technic .RESULTS & CONCLUSION:This software can be used in the daily work for TDM,and the database created by this software can be used in the data statistics, inquiry and analysis of clinical information. It is worth recommendation for clinical pharmacy in hospital.

Objective To observe the effect and adverse reactions of lobaplatin or cisplatin combined with irinotecan(CPT-11)in the second line treatment of small cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods 5 6 cases of SCLC failed in the first line treatment scheme of etoposide combined with cisplatin and progressed within 3-6 months were randomized into the lobaplatin group (lobaplatin +CPT-11)and the cisplatingroup(cisplatin+CPT-11).The lobaplatin group:lobaplatin 30 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,and CPT-11 65 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,8.The cisplatin group:cisplatin 25 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 2,3,4,and CPT-11 65 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,8.After more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy,the therapeutical effects were evaluated.The short term effects and the toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups.Furthermore,the time to progression (TTP)and the overall survival(OS).Results In the lobaplatin group(30 cases),the overall response rate(RR)was 36.7% with the disease control rate (DCR)of 66.7%;in the cisplatin group(26 cases),the overall RR was 34.6% with DCR of 65.4%,the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05).The median TTP and OS were 4.5 months and 8.5 months in the lobaplatin group,while which were 4.3 months and 8.4 months in the cisplatin group respectively,the difference in the overall RR and DCR between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05)The main toxicity in the lobaplatin groups was bone marrow depression and which in the cisplatin group were the digestive tract reaction and bone marrow depression without statistical differences between the two groups(P>0.05).The occurrence rate of degreeⅢ-Ⅳ of nausea and vomiting in the cispl-atin group was significantly higher than that in the lobaplatin group with statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion lobaplatin combined with CPT-1 1 as the second line treatment of SCLC has definite effect with tolerable toxicity reac-tion;compared with the scheme of cisplatin plus CPT-1 1 ,the effect is similar,which deserves to be further studied and observed.

BACKGROUND: The existence of chronic heel pain induced by the injury of inferior calcaneal nerves prompted us .to conduct an anatomic study of the innervations of the medial and inferior calcaneal nerves, so as to avoid nerve injury during plantar operation.OBJECTIVE: To study the innervations and course of the medial and inferior calcaneal nervesDESIGN: Single specimen experiment.SETTING: Anatomical Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed at the Anatomical Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College between August 2002 and December 2004.Totally 36 lower limbs from volunteer donators or adult corpus provided by related department were routinely antisepticised for anatomical study.METHODS: Tibia nerve was separated from the middle 1/3 of leg until it branches into the medial plantar nerve (MPN) and the lateral plantar nerve (LPN), so as to investigate the origin, course, branches and innervation of the medial and inferior calcaneal nerve (MCN and ICN). The line linked the medial condyle center and plantar center was used as reference, nerve scored"0"if passed through the line, and scored positive value if above and negative value if below the line.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The origin, course, branches and innervations of MCN and ICN in adults.RESULTS: Both medial and inferior calcaneal nerve could be identified in all 36 specimens. ① The source of MCN: 27 (75%) were found deriving from tibia nerve, 7 from LPN (19%) and 2 from tibia nerve and LPN (6%).② The branches of medial plantar nerve: 29 (81%) nerves had major branches, most of which lay superficial to the abductor hallucis muscle (AH) in the fat pad or under skin. ③ The source of ICN: 31 (86%) were found deriving from LPN, 3 from tibia nerve (8%) and 2 from MPN (6%).④ The origin of inferior calcaneal nerve: At (1.7±4.5) cm beneath the reference. ⑤ The branch and innervations of ICN: 24 nerves had two major branches (67%), most of which lay superficial to the medial edge of plantar quadratus.CONCLUSION: The origin, course, and innervations of MCN and ICN were relatively stable, it is preferable to take lateral process in plantar operation, and should be as rear as possible if taking inferior process so as to avoid nerve injury.

Objective The sponge of the small intestinal submucosa(SSIS) is established by the material chemistry,in order to supply the database for the scaffold of the dermic tissue engineering.Methods At the regular temperature,the SSIS was conducted firstly by the physiochemical method.Then,the SSIS was crosslinked by the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) so as to get the three dimentional SSIS.The morphological feature was obtained by the lighting and electron microscope,ophthalmic oberservation,the embedding in the mouse of the SSIS was used to observe the adsorbing and immunology.The results were analyzed by statistic software.Results The crosslinked SSIS was regular in the structure and not loosen,the framework was equilibrium,the pore was abundant with the diameter of the 100 ～ 200μm,the difference was obvious (all P ＜ 0.05).The firstweek after embedding did not exist the adherence leukocyte infiltration,the vascularization occur in the third week.The material was completed and had no elastic degradation.Conclusion Reconstructed SSIS has completed structure,elastic with the vascularization and minor immunology,which could be used as the extracellular scaffold for the dermic tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) on apoptosis of cultured human cytotrophoblast cells and its possible mechanism involved in pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.Methods Human cytotrophoblast cells from three term pregnancy(37-39 weeks) women were cultured and divided into four groups: normal control group,5-HT groups(0.1,1 and 10 ?mol?L~(-1)).The cells were cultivated for 3,6,12 and 24 h,respectively.Apoptotic index was measured by TdT-mediated biotinyated-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and morphological features of apoptotic cells were observed under electron microscope.Results When cells were cultivated for 3,6,12 and 24 h,compared with the normal control group(1.21?0.97,2.30?1.24,3.89?2.32 and 7.34?5.59,respectively),apoptotic indexes of cytotrophoblast cells in(10 ?mol?L~(-1)) 5-HT group were significantly increased(8.40?2.48,17.82?5.43,29.53?7.41,(45.56?)12.10,respectively)(P0.05).The significant morphological changes of apoptotic cytotrophoblast cells in various groups were found under electron microscope.Apoptotic cytotrophoblast cells were obviously compact and the chromatins were formed as mass and apoptotic bodies were also found under electron microscope.Conclusion 5-HT can promote the apoptosis of human cytotrophoblast cells and its mechanism may be correlated with pregnancy induced-hypertension syndrome.

Objective To study the pharmacological action and clinical application of flavonoids.MethodsThe pharmacological effects of flavonoids were analyzed, and the related literatures were searched and analyzed.This paper describes the pharmacological action mechanism and clinical application of flavonoids, analyzes its biological activity, combined with the related structure and function, and gives a more detailed description of the study of flavonoids.ResultsAfter analysis, the pharmacological effects of flavonoids on human cardiovascular system, digestive system, nervous system, immune system, and so on have a certain impact.The effect of flavonoids on the nervous system is mainly manifested in the analgesic, anti-inhibition and anti-aging.The antibacterial and antiviral effects of flavonoids are mainly antibacterial, antiviral activity and anti HIV activity.Flavonoids have good protective effects on liver injury, such as chemical liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, immunological liver injury, reperfusion liver injury and so on.Flavonoids can inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells, and can promote the expression of tumor suppressor genes and promote the proliferation of tumor cells.The chemical structure of flavonoids is similar to that of estrogen, which is a kind of isoflavone, which has the physiological action of estrogen, and has a certain effect on estrogen.ConclusionThe flavone is extracted from various plants, belonging to the polyphenol compounds, with certain biological activity, were analyzed for the clinical application of its pharmacological action, has many applications of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunoregulation and liver protection and analgesic, a variety of biological activity, is widely applied in clinical.

BACKGROUND: Collagen sponge is considered the most useful biomaterial owing to its excellent function and properties, easy processing, sterilization, and preservation and has been widely used in scientific research and clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To describe the properties of collagen sponge and to review the research progress of collagen sponge in clinical application in recent years. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author to search for manuscripts published from January 2000 to August 2010 in Pubmeds and Elsevier databases and for manuscripts published from January 1993 to August 2010 in CNKI database using key words "collagen, collagen sponge, clinical application" in title and abstract items in English and Chinese language, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Collagen sponge, as a new biological material, has been widely applied in tissue engineering research in terms of hemostasis, wound healing, anti-infection, cartilage repair, and nerve repair. But at present, nearly all collagen is from animals and immunogenicity cannot be thoroughly eliminated. Researchers outside of China have synthesized recombinant human collagen using bioreactor and transgenic technology, but its efficacy and safety in clinical application needs further investigation and research.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in intervening constipation during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.Method Ninety breast cancer patients undergone chemotherapy were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 45 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional nursing care, while the treatment group was additionally intervened by transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. The clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group versus 73.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation can effectively inhibit the incidence of constipation during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND:Hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lens should be evaluated biologicaly with New Zealand rabbits as implant objects prior to clinical trial. OBJECTIVE:To observe the biological safety of hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lens. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were enroled. The right eyes were implanted with self-developed hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lens (Shenyang Baiao Medical Device Co., Ltd., China) as experimental group, and the left eyes were implanted with Acrysof IQ SN60WF (Alcon, USA) as control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After implantation, there were no significant differences in the cornea, anterior chamber, implant position, posterior segment of eyebal between two groups. Tissue proliferation had no obviously difference between the two groups, and there were cornea and lens pouch inflammations. No macrophages and other inflammatory cels were visualized on the surface of intraocular lens, and fibrous tissues were found on the intraocular lens surface and in the haptics root. These findings suggest that the self-developed hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lens has no difference from Acrysof IQ SN60WF widely used in clinic, and it has the biological safety.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.Related studies show that CEACAMs play critical roles in the occurrence and development,and are closely related to the prognosis of lung cancer.Recently,it has made some progresses in the studies by using monoclonal antibodies,single domain antibodies,RNA interference,gene knockout and other technical means targeting different epitopes of CEACAMs in lung cancer,suggesting CEACAMs may become new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of lung cancer.