1.On Relationship Between Tort Liability and Special Relief for Adverse Drug Reactions
Jianping ZHANG ; Yong DING ; Xiaojie LOU
China Pharmacy 2007;0(34):-
OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship between Tort Liability and Special Relief for Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). METHODS: An analysis was conducted by literature review, logical reasoning and comparative study etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: In different country or area, the relationship between Tort Liability and Special Relief for ADRs manifested as German’s risk-sharing type, Japan’s supplement type, America’s mixed type. Tort Liability put an emphasis on the assignment and prevention of loss, while Special Relief on the sharing and shifting of risks. The functions of the two were different yet not incompatible, and they should work together to make up for the loss. Meanwhile, we should regard the trend of gradual socialization of the tort law seriously.
2.Study on the correlation between carotid atherosclerosis and osteocalcin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Dihua HUANG ; Dajun LOU ; Qiaoying YOU ; Lihong YU ; Xiaojie PAN ; Xuwei SI
Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy 2020;27(17):2126-2129
Objective:To explore the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and bone metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods:A total of 100 patients with T2DM admitted to Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University) from January 2018 to August 2018 were selected as study subjects, and the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was detected.The patients were divided into CAS group and normal carotid IMT group (NC group), with 50 cases in each group.The levels of OC, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), fasting insulin(FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were compared between the two groups.Results:The OC level of the CAS group[(11.86±4.46)ng/mL] was significantly lower than that of the NC group[(23.94±4.52)ng/mL] ( t=-9.640, P=0.001). The LDL-C level of the CAS group[(2.89±0.82)mmol/L] was significantly higher than that of the NC group[(2.55±1.16)mmol/L]( t=2.03, P=0.049). Pearson correlation analysis showed that IMT was positively correlated with age, LDL-C, HbA1c ( r=0.285, 0.190, 0.173; P=0.000, 0.020, 0.035), and negatively correlated with OC ( r=-0.603, P=0.000). Conclusion:CAS in patients with T2DM is closely related to OC, and the reduction of OC levels may be a risk factor for CAS in T2DM patients.
3.Improved Research of Adjustable External Fixation Device for Lower Limbs Based on Semiconductor Refrigeration Sheet.
Xiaojie XU ; Liyan ZHANG ; Jianyong LI ; Ruiqi LIU ; Lin LOU ; Shuai ZHAO ; Hailiang CHEN ; Qiang WANG ; Xuewei WU ; Ruida JI ; Tao TANG ; Ying NIE
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation 2020;44(6):499-502
A kind of adjustable external fixation device for lower extremity is designed. The circuit is mainly composed of TEC1-00703 semiconductor refrigeration chip, HZC-30A pressure sensor, STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer and other electrical components. It can realize the timing intelligent temperature control and meet the local fixed-point refrigeration. The design of adjustable structure and the application of intelligent air cushion can satisfy the full fixation of lower limbs of different individuals. Its operation does not need much medical knowledge. It can solve the problem of emergency transportation and follow-up treatment of lower limb injury in ice and snow sports. It has a good application prospect and universality.
External Fixators
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Fracture Fixation
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Humans
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Lower Extremity
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Refrigeration
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Semiconductors
4. Analysis on the consciousness of the cancer early detection and its influencing factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017
Ayan MAO ; Jufang SHI ; Wuqi QIU ; Chengcheng LIU ; Pei DONG ; Huiyao HUANG ; Kun WANG ; Debin WANG ; Guoxiang LIU ; Xianzhen LIAO ; Yana BAI ; Xiaojie SUN ; Jiansong REN ; Li YANG ; Donghua WEI ; Bingbing SONG ; Haike LEI ; Yuqin LIU ; Yongzhen ZHANG ; Siying REN ; Jinyi ZHOU ; Jialin WANG ; Jiyong GONG ; Lianzheng YU ; Yunyong LIU ; Lin ZHU ; Lanwei GUO ; Youqing WANG ; Yutong HE ; Peian LOU ; Bo CAI ; Xiaohua SUN ; Shouling WU ; Xiao QI ; Kai ZHANG ; Ni LI ; Min DAI ; Wanqing CHEN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(1):54-61
Objective:
To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.
Results:
The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (
5. Analysis on the consciousness of the early cancer diagnosis and its related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017
Xuan CHENG ; Pei DONG ; Jufang SHI ; Wuqi QIU ; Chengcheng LIU ; Kun WANG ; Huiyao HUANG ; Yana BAI ; Xiaojie SUN ; Debin WANG ; Guoxiang LIU ; Xianzhen LIAO ; Li YANG ; Donghua WEI ; Bingbing SONG ; Haike LEI ; Yuqin LIU ; Yongzhen ZHANG ; Siying REN ; Jinyi ZHOU ; Jialin WANG ; Jiyong GONG ; Lianzheng YU ; Yunyong LIU ; Lin ZHU ; Lanwei GUO ; Youqing WANG ; Yutong HE ; Peian LOU ; Bo CAI ; Xiaohua SUN ; Shouling WU ; Xiao QI ; Kai ZHANG ; Ni LI ; Jiansong REN ; Wanqing CHEN ; Min DAI ; Ayan MAO
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(1):62-68
Objective:
To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.
Results:
As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (
6. Analysis on the demand, access and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017
Kun WANG ; Chengcheng LIU ; Ayan MAO ; Jufang SHI ; Pei DONG ; Huiyao HUANG ; Debin WANG ; Guoxiang LIU ; Xianzhen LIAO ; Yana BAI ; Xiaojie SUN ; Jiansong REN ; Li YANG ; Donghua WEI ; Bingbing SONG ; Haike LEI ; Yuqin LIU ; Yongzhen ZHANG ; Siying REN ; Jinyi ZHOU ; Jialin WANG ; Jiyong GONG ; Lianzheng YU ; Yunyong LIU ; Lin ZHU ; Lanwei GUO ; Youqing WANG ; Yutong HE ; Peian LOU ; Bo CAI ; Xiaohua SUN ; Shouling WU ; Xiao QI ; Kai ZHANG ; Ni LI ; Wanqing CHEN ; Wuqi QIU ; Min DAI
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(1):84-91
Objective:
To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics, the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and the influencing factors of the attitude. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model.
Results:
The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%. The demand rate of the inducement, symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest, about 66.8%, 71.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest, about the 45.9% and 21.9%, respectively. The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were "broadcast or television" (69.5%), "books, newspapers, posters or brochures" (44.7%) and "family and friends" (33.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants, unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, from the eastern region, people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk, the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers, married, annual household income between 60 000 CNY and 150 000 CNY, from the central region, people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk (all
7. Study on the health literacy and related factors of the cancer prevention consciousness among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017
Chengcheng LIU ; Chunlei SHI ; Jufang SHI ; Ayan MAO ; Huiyao HUANG ; Pei DONG ; Fangzhou BAI ; Yunsi CHEN ; Debin WANG ; Guoxiang LIU ; Xianzhen LIAO ; Yana BAI ; Xiaojie SUN ; Jiansong REN ; Li YANG ; Donghua WEI ; Bingbing SONG ; Haike LEI ; Yuqin LIU ; Yongzhen ZHANG ; Siying REN ; Jinyi ZHOU ; Jialin WANG ; Jiyong GONG ; Lianzheng YU ; Yunyong LIU ; Lin ZHU ; Lanwei GUO ; Youging WANG ; Yutong HE ; Peian LOU ; Bo CAI ; Xiaohua SUN ; Shouling WU ; Xiao QI ; Kai ZHANG ; Ni LI ; Wanghong XU ; Wuqi QIU ; Min DAI ; Wanqing CHEN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(1):47-53
Objective:
To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors.
Results:
The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group (
8. Analysis on the consciousness of the early cancer treatment and its influencing factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017
Huichao LI ; Kun WANG ; Yannan YUAN ; Ayan MAO ; Chengcheng LIU ; Shuo LIU ; Lei YANG ; Huiyao HUANG ; Pei DONG ; Debin WANG ; Guoxiang LIU ; Xianzhen LIAO ; Yana BAI ; Xiaojie SUN ; Jiansong REN ; Li YANG ; Donghua WEI ; Bingbing SONG ; Haike LEI ; Yuqin LIU ; Yongzhen ZHANG ; Siying REN ; Jinyi ZHOU ; Jialin WANG ; Jiyong GONG ; Lianzheng YU ; Yunyong LIU ; Lin ZHU ; Lanwei GUO ; Youqing WANG ; Yutong HE ; Peian LOU ; Bo CAI ; Xiaohua SUN ; Shouling WU ; Xiao QI ; Kai ZHANG ; Ni LI ; Min DAI ; Wanqing CHEN ; Ning WANG ; Wuqi QIU ; Jufang SHI
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(1):69-75
Objective:
To understand the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and its demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The questionnaire collected personal information, the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors. The Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the consciousness of the cancer early treatment and relevant factors among the four groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early treatment.
Results:
With the assumption of being diagnosed as precancer or cancer, 89.97% of community residents, 91.84% of cancer risk assessment/screening population, 93.00% of cancer patients and 91.52% of occupational population would accept active treatments (
9. Analysis on the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment and its related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017
Pei DONG ; Jufang SHI ; Wuqi QIU ; Chengcheng LIU ; Kun WANG ; Huiyao HUANG ; Debin WANG ; Guoxiang LIU ; Xianzhen LIAO ; Yana BAI ; Xiaojie SUN ; Jiansong REN ; Li YANG ; Donghua WEI ; Bingbing SONG ; Haike LEI ; Yuqin LIU ; Yongzhen ZHANG ; Siying REN ; Jinyi ZHOU ; Jialin WANG ; Jiyong GONG ; Lianzheng YU ; Yunyong LIU ; Lin ZHU ; Lanwei GUO ; Youqing WANG ; Yutong HE ; Peian LOU ; Bo CAI ; Xiaohua SUN ; Shouling WU ; Xiao QI ; Kai ZHANG ; Ni LI ; Min DAI ; Wanqing CHEN ; Ayan MAO ; Jie HE
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(1):76-83
Objective:
To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents of China, and explore the related factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The health literacy of the cancer prevention, early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment and the demands of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was analyzed. The level of health literacy among different groups were calculated and compared. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.
Results:
The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was 56.97% among all study population; in each group it was 55.01% for community residents, 59.08% for cancer risk assessment/screening population, 61.99% for cancer patients and 57.31% for occupational population, respectively (