OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of CD20 coding gene （MS4A1） polymorphism on the blood concentration and efficacy of rituximab in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted on 160 newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients who received the R-CHOP regimen at the Sun Yat Sen University Cancer Center from January 2016 to December 2020， with a minimum follow-up period of approximately 5 years. The blood concentration of rituximab was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MS4A1 tagSNPs were selected by Haploview4.2 software， including rs1051461， rs17155034， rs4939364， and rs10501385. The genotype of MS4A1 was detected by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Univariate linear regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between various factors（demographic， clinical， and genotypic variables） in patients and the steady-state trough concentration of rituximab during the first course of treatment， followed by multivariate linear regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to evaluate progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS）. Using MS4A1 genotype and tumor stage as independent variables， Cox regression model was employed to evaluate the factors influencing patient prognosis. RESULTS The blood concentration of rituximab in MS4A1 rs10501385 CC carriers was 15.20 μg/mL，which was significantly lower than 21.95 μg/mL in AA+AC carriers （P＜0.05）. The multivariate linear regression model incorporating tumor stage and MS4A1 rs10501385 polymorphism explained 7.3% of the interindividual variability in rituximab concentrations. Compared with MS4A1 rs1051461 CC carriers， CT+TT carriers had significantly prolonged PFS and OS （P＜0.05）. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the MS4A1 rs1051461 CC genotype （HR＝4.406， 95%CI：1.743-11.137， P＜0.05） and tumor Ⅲ&Ⅳ （HR＝3.233， 95%CI： 1.413-7.399， P＜0.05） were independent risk factors for PFS. CONCLUSIONS The tumor staging and MS4A1 rs10501385 polymorphism are key influencing factors for blood concentration of rituximab， and MS4A1 rs1051461 polymorphism significantly affects PFS in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients.

Objective: Data on syncopal donation-related vasovagal reaction (DRVR) collected from 74 blood centers between 2020 and 2023 was statistically analyzed to provide a reference for developing preventive strategies against syncopal DRVR. Methods: Data on blood donation adverse reactions and basic information of donors from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the information management system at monitoring sentinel sites. Statistical analysis was performed on the following aspects of syncopal DRVR: characteristics of donors who experienced syncope, reported incidence, triggers, duration, presence and occurrence time of syncope-related trauma, clinical management including outpatient and inpatient treatment, and severity grading. Results: From 2020 to 2023, 45 966 donation-related adverse reactions were recorded. Of these, 1 665 (3.72%) cases were syncopal DRVR. The incidence of syncopal DRVR decreased with age, being the highest in the 18-22 age group. Incidence was significantly higher in female donors than male donors, in first-time donors than repeat donors, and in university and individual donors than group donors (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among different blood donation locations (P>0.05). The top three triggers were tension, fatigue, and needle phobia or fear of blood. Among syncopal DRVR cases, 60.36% occurred during blood collection, 87.63% lasted for less than 60 seconds, and 5.05% were accompanied by trauma. Notably, 57.14% of these traumas occurred after donor had left the blood collection site. Syncope severity was graded based on required treatment: grade 1 (fully recovered without treatment, 95.50%); grade 2 (recovered after outpatient treatment, 4.02%); and grade 3 (recovered after inpatient treatment, 0.48%). Conclusion: By analyzing the data of syncopal DRVR cases, it is possible to provide a reference for formulating blood donor safety policies.

OBJECTIVE To develop a prediction model for durable clinical benefit （DCB） in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） receiving programmed death-1 （PD-1） inhibitor. METHODS The clinical data of patients with advanced ESCC who received PD-1 inhibitor in Jieyang People’s Hospital were retrospectively collected between January 2020 to December 2023. Predictors were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （Lasso） regression， and a multivariable Logistic regression model was developed to predict DCB. A nomogram was constructed based on the model. Internal validation of the prediction model was performed by using the Bootstrap method， and the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， calibration curve， and decision curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 91 patients with advanced ESCC were included. The results of Lasso regression combined with Logistic regression analysis indicated that the baseline lymphocyte monocyte ratio （LMR） [odds ratio （OR）＝1.97， 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.15-3.36， P＝0.013]， albumin （ALB） content （OR＝1.35， 95%CI： 1.13-1.60， P＜0.001）， body mass index （BMI） category 1 [normal vs. low： OR＝ 0.28， 95%CI （0.09-0.96）， P＝0.042]， BMI category 2 [overweight-obesity vs. low： OR＝0.08， 95%CI （0.01-0.59）， P＝0.013]， and treatment regimen [monotherapy vs. monotherapy combination therapy： OR＝0.07， 95%CI （0.01-0.50）， P＝0.008] were predictive factors for patients with advanced ESCC to achieve DCB when treated with PD-1 inhibitor. A prediction model was constructed based on the above indicators. Internal validation of the model using the Bootstrap method showed an area under the curve of 0.831 （95%CI： 0.746-0.904）， with specificity of 74.4% and sensitivity of 75.0%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded χ2＝ 9.930， P＝0.270， and the calibration curve slope was close to 1. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model exhibited good clinical utility within a threshold range of 0.1 to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS The prediction model based on baseline LMR， ALB content， BMI， and treatment regimen demonstrates robust predictive performance and clinical utility for assessing therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced ESCC.

Objective To construct and identify a patient-derived organoid model,and to investigate the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs using this model.Methods Pancreatic cancer cells were obtained from the surgical specimens of two female patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer after tumor tissue digestion,and then the cells were inoculated into a culture dish using matrigel for three-dimensional culture.Paraffin sections were prepared for HE staining and immunohistochemical staining and were compared with the parent tumor tissue to determine whether the histopathological features of the tumor in vivo were preserved.The pancreatic cancer organoids were treated with seven chemotherapy drugs at different concentrations;Cell Titer-Glo?3D reagent was used to measure cell viability,and the results of drug sensitivity were analyzed.Results Two patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids were successfully constructed,and HE staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the pancreatic cancer organoids had consistent histopathological features with the tumors of the corresponding patient.Both pancreatic cancer organoids were more sensitive to gemcitabine monotherapy and the combination of oxaliplatin+SN38+fluorouracil,and patient 1 was more sensitive than patient 2.There were individual differences in the response to drugs between the organoids from different patients.Conclusion The pancreatic cancer organoid model successfully constructed in this study can reflect the histological classification of parent pancreatic tumors and can be used for in vitro chemotherapy drug sensitivity test,which is expected to provide a reference for clinical medication.

Objective:To investigate the pattern of distribution of the circumferential fascia of the rectum and elucidate its clinical implications.Methods:In this descriptive study, we examined the gross anatomy of four male hemipelvic cadaveric specimens from the Department of Anatomy at Fujian Medical University and the histological features of 16 fresh postoperative specimens from patients who had undergone total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, between January and December 2022. The resultant combination of gross anatomical and histological features was employed to assess the following areas: (1)the morphology of the anterior mesorectum and fascia at the peritoneal reflection; (2)the caudal attachment point of Denonvilliers' fascia; (3) the fusion area of the pelvic plexus and the pre-hypogastric fascia; (4)the lateral and posterior attachment edges of the rectosacral fascia; and (5) selected histological features.Results:Our findings were as follows. (1) At the peritoneal reflection, the anterior mesorectum forms a triangular fat pad with a dense fascial structure. The base of this pad extends anteriorly across the most caudal point of the peritoneal reflection, with Denonvilliers' fascia originating from the anterior side of the triangle, near the bladder side of the peritoneum craniad to the peritoneal reflection. (2) The caudal attachment of Denonvilliers' fascia is at the angle between the seminal vesicles, the ampulla of the vas deferens, and the prostate. It adheres tightly to the prostatic capsule and vascular bundles pass through its cephalic side. (3) The pre-hypogastric fascia transitions laterally to merge with Denonvilliers' fascia; its middle part being inseparable from the main body of the pelvic plexus, which gives rise to the nerves that innervate the rectum. (4) The rectosacral fascia is formed by fusion of the fascia propria with the pre-hypogastric fascia. The resultant fused fascia bifurcates into two leaves on the right side; the outer leaf being the pre-hypogastric fascia and the inner leaf the fascia propria. (5) Histologically, the peritoneal reflection zone shows cuboidal epithelium of the peritoneum at its lowest point with no detectable origin of Denonvilliers' fascia. The anterior side of the peritoneal reflection, from which Denonvilliers' fascia originates, has a dense double-layered fascial structure comprising thick collagen fiber (16/16). The fascia propria exhibits a thinner and looser collagen fiber structure and its origin varies between individuals, 13/16 originating together with Denonvilliers' fascia from the craniad side of the peritoneal reflection, and 3/16 originating separately from the most caudal point of the peritoneal reflection. The caudal edge of Denonvilliers' fascia has a double-layered fascial structure with multiple S100-stained areas. The posterior edge of the rectosacral fascia has a fused fascial structure, thick nerve fibers being clearly observable between collagen fibers originating from the pre-hypogastric fascia under high magnification. The lateral edge of the rectosacral fascia extends interiorly, maintains the integrity of the fascia propria.Conclusions:In this study, we investigated the pattern of distribution of the circumferential fascia of the rectum by cadaveric dissection and histological examination of postoperative specimens. We found that the anterior mesorectum forms a triangular fat pad that can serve as a reference for dissection anterior to Denonvilliers' fascia, by making incisions 1 cm above the peritoneal reflection. The region of fusion of Denonvilliers' fascia with the prostatic capsule on the caudal side is rich in neurovascular bundles, contradicting the traditional view of a retroprostatic plane. This finding supports the practice of cutting Denonvilliers' fascia 0.5 cm above the base of the seminal vesicles. The fusion of the fascia propria with the pre-hypogastric fascia posteriorly forms the rectosacral fascia, which bifurcates into two leaves on both sides of the rectum, the inner leaf being the fascia propria and the outer leaf the pre-hypogastric fascia. These transition anteriorly to become Denonvilliers' fascia and fuse densely with the main body of the pelvic plexus on both sides. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for protecting the pelvic plexus and hypogastric nerve by transecting Denonvilliers' fascia and then dissecting in a top-to-bottom direction (i.e., from anterior to caudal), ultimately leading to the transection of the pre-hypogastric fascia.

Objective To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus outbreaks and the genome evolution of Norovirus epidemic strains in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022.Methods The information and samples have been collected from the norovirus outbreaks from 2020 to 2022.Norovirus was detected by using the real-time PCR in these samples,then the detected sequences were amplified the analyzed.The Norovirus se-quences of 8 strains had been amplified and analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2022,39 gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported,and 25 outbreaks caused by Norovirus which mainly occurred in childcare institutions and schools(20/25,80％).The Norovirus outbreaks were mainly concentrated in counties around Haikou(northeast),which including Ding'an(5 cases),Wenchang(4 cases),Chengmai(4 cases),and Lingao(3 cases);following by western regions which included Baisha(2 cases),Ledong(2 cases),and Dongfang(3 cases).1 case was in Wanning in the southeast.Among individuals aged 2-17,the positive proportion of Norovirus in males was higher than that in females.Among individuals aged over 55,the proportion of Norovirus positive in females was higher than that in males.The gender of positive samples among individuals aged 18-40 was related to their profession.According to RT-PCR typing and sequencing,GⅡ group Norovirus were classified in13 outbreaks.There were 4 genotypes detected.GⅡ.2[P1 6]was the main epidemic strain with 60％(9/13),and the other three genotypes were GⅡ.4 Sydney[P31](15.4％,2/13)GⅡ.4 Sydney[P16](7.7％,1/13)and GⅡ.3[P12](7.7％,1/13).Further genic analysis of 8 Norovirus strains showed that all of them were still in the same branch as the previ-ous strain,and all exhibited a certain amount of amino acid variation.Conclusion Norovirus is the main pathogen of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hainan province,and the main epidemic strain is GⅡ.2[P16].It is necessary to continue to strengthen the monitoring that provides scientific evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus out-breaks in Hainan region.

Positron emission tomography (PET) now plays an important role in the research and development (R&D) of central nervous system (CNS) drugs. PET could characterize the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and receptor binding of CNS drugs quantitatively. The present review summarized the quantitative methods of PET used in the pharmacokinetics and receptor occupancy analysis of CNS drugs. Moreover, the present review listed various applications of PET supporting R&D of CNS drugs, which could provide a new direction for the R&D of CNS drugs.

Objective:To explore the relationship among suicide risk,distress tolerance,and resilience in pa-tients with depression.Methods:A total of 130 patients with depression who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)diagnostic criteria were included.The Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI)suicide module was used to assess suicide risk.According to the interview results,the patients with depression were divided into suicide risk group(98 cases)and non-suicide risk group(32 cases).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Distress Tolerance Scale(DTS),10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10)were used to assess severity of depressive symptoms,level of distress tolerance and resilience,respectively.Results:The DTS total scores were positively correlated with the CD-RISC-10 total scores(r=0.50,P＜0.01).The total scores of MINI suicide module were negatively correlated with the total scores of DTS and CD-RISC-10(r=-0.34,-0.34,Ps＜0.01).Distress tolerance had a direct effect on suicide risk(β=-0.26,P＜0.05),and resilience played a mediating effect on the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide risk(β=-0.13,P＜0.05),and the mediating effect accounted for 33.5％of the total effect.Conclusion:Patients with depression with lower levels of distress tolerance may have higher suicide risk,and resilience may play a partially mediating role in the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide risk.

Objective:To describe the current situation of mental health service utilization of community pa-tients with five mental disorders in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and provide reference for health education and formulating relevant policies.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with unequal probability was used to select a total of 12 315 community residents aged 18 and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Using Composite International Diagnostic Interview,mood disorders,anxiety disorders,substance use disorders,intermit-tent explosive disorders,and eating disorders,and health service utilization were investigated.Descriptive statistics was completed by single factor analysis method.Results:The lifetime rates of consultation and treatment of any mental disorder were 18.7％and 10.2％,respectively.The highest proportion of patients received treatment by non-medical professionals was 31.4％,followed by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospital or psychologists in general hospitals.Among the patients,1.1％of them received medication,and 2.5％received psychotherapy.Conclusion:The utilization rate of mental health services in community patients with five mental disorders is relatively low.It is necessary to conduct health education for medical help seeking properly.

Objective:To investigate the pattern of distribution of the circumferential fascia of the rectum and elucidate its clinical implications.Methods:In this descriptive study, we examined the gross anatomy of four male hemipelvic cadaveric specimens from the Department of Anatomy at Fujian Medical University and the histological features of 16 fresh postoperative specimens from patients who had undergone total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, between January and December 2022. The resultant combination of gross anatomical and histological features was employed to assess the following areas: (1)the morphology of the anterior mesorectum and fascia at the peritoneal reflection; (2)the caudal attachment point of Denonvilliers' fascia; (3) the fusion area of the pelvic plexus and the pre-hypogastric fascia; (4)the lateral and posterior attachment edges of the rectosacral fascia; and (5) selected histological features.Results:Our findings were as follows. (1) At the peritoneal reflection, the anterior mesorectum forms a triangular fat pad with a dense fascial structure. The base of this pad extends anteriorly across the most caudal point of the peritoneal reflection, with Denonvilliers' fascia originating from the anterior side of the triangle, near the bladder side of the peritoneum craniad to the peritoneal reflection. (2) The caudal attachment of Denonvilliers' fascia is at the angle between the seminal vesicles, the ampulla of the vas deferens, and the prostate. It adheres tightly to the prostatic capsule and vascular bundles pass through its cephalic side. (3) The pre-hypogastric fascia transitions laterally to merge with Denonvilliers' fascia; its middle part being inseparable from the main body of the pelvic plexus, which gives rise to the nerves that innervate the rectum. (4) The rectosacral fascia is formed by fusion of the fascia propria with the pre-hypogastric fascia. The resultant fused fascia bifurcates into two leaves on the right side; the outer leaf being the pre-hypogastric fascia and the inner leaf the fascia propria. (5) Histologically, the peritoneal reflection zone shows cuboidal epithelium of the peritoneum at its lowest point with no detectable origin of Denonvilliers' fascia. The anterior side of the peritoneal reflection, from which Denonvilliers' fascia originates, has a dense double-layered fascial structure comprising thick collagen fiber (16/16). The fascia propria exhibits a thinner and looser collagen fiber structure and its origin varies between individuals, 13/16 originating together with Denonvilliers' fascia from the craniad side of the peritoneal reflection, and 3/16 originating separately from the most caudal point of the peritoneal reflection. The caudal edge of Denonvilliers' fascia has a double-layered fascial structure with multiple S100-stained areas. The posterior edge of the rectosacral fascia has a fused fascial structure, thick nerve fibers being clearly observable between collagen fibers originating from the pre-hypogastric fascia under high magnification. The lateral edge of the rectosacral fascia extends interiorly, maintains the integrity of the fascia propria.Conclusions:In this study, we investigated the pattern of distribution of the circumferential fascia of the rectum by cadaveric dissection and histological examination of postoperative specimens. We found that the anterior mesorectum forms a triangular fat pad that can serve as a reference for dissection anterior to Denonvilliers' fascia, by making incisions 1 cm above the peritoneal reflection. The region of fusion of Denonvilliers' fascia with the prostatic capsule on the caudal side is rich in neurovascular bundles, contradicting the traditional view of a retroprostatic plane. This finding supports the practice of cutting Denonvilliers' fascia 0.5 cm above the base of the seminal vesicles. The fusion of the fascia propria with the pre-hypogastric fascia posteriorly forms the rectosacral fascia, which bifurcates into two leaves on both sides of the rectum, the inner leaf being the fascia propria and the outer leaf the pre-hypogastric fascia. These transition anteriorly to become Denonvilliers' fascia and fuse densely with the main body of the pelvic plexus on both sides. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for protecting the pelvic plexus and hypogastric nerve by transecting Denonvilliers' fascia and then dissecting in a top-to-bottom direction (i.e., from anterior to caudal), ultimately leading to the transection of the pre-hypogastric fascia.