Objective To investigate the expression of ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor subunit proteins GluR2/3 in the postnatal rat cochlear nucleus(CN), and the relationship with the auditory brainstem response(ABR).Methods The thresholds of ABR of different age SD rats were recorded respectively,and the expression of GluR2/3 in CN was detected with FITC-immunocytochemistry.Results ①P1w SD rats did not show ABR wave, and there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold among P4w,P9w and P15w SD rats. ②GluR2/3 was expressed in all sorts of neurons of CN of every postnatal groups, the expression of P4w rats was denser than that of P1w, P9w and P15w rats. The immunostaining of P4w rats was located at the cell membrance, while P9w and P15w rats in the endochylema majoritily. Conclusion The different expression and distribution of GluR2/3 in different age rat CN may be involved in the development of auditory centre.

Objective To study the neuropsychological features of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Fifty-two AD, 26 MCI and 24 healthy aging cases were investigated by the clinical evaluation and a series of neuropsychological tests which include mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clinical dementia rating scale (CDR), activity of daily living scale (ADL) and clinical memory scale (CMS). Results The scores of the neuropsychological tests in AD,MCI and normal control groups were as follows: MMSE scores were 18. 9?5. 1, 26. 9?2. 1, 29. 0?1.1 respectively; ADL scores were 48. 3?17. 7, 26. 7?9. 3, 22. 1?4.1 respectively; Memory Quotient(MQ)scores were 52. 5?26. 7, 81. 3?10. 8, 101. 8?11. 6; CMS scores were 52. 5?26. 7, 81. 3?10. 8, 101. 8?11. 6 respectively. All neuropsychological tests except ADL in MCI group were significantly lower than those in the normal controKall P

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and correlative risk factors of aspiration in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients with aspiration pneumonia. MethodsData of 88 cases with AD were retrospectively investigated. Several possible correlative risk factors were analyzed with multiple Logistic regression. Results38 cases with AD complicated aspiration pneumonia during the observation period [average (3.51±0.25) years].The total average annual incidence of aspiration pneumonia in AD was 12.3%. The annual incidence of aspiration pneumonia in mild AD, moderate AD and severe AD were 11.1%,12.3%,17.6% respectively.The correlative risk factors of aspiration in AD patients with aspiration pneumonia were severity of AD,application of neurosedatives, silent bilateral basal ganglia lacunar infarction (SBI), decrease of activity of daily living (ADL) and leukoaraiosis (LA). ConclusionAspiration pneumonia is a common complication occurring not only in severe AD but also in mild and moderate AD.

BACKGROUND: Differentiation of neural stem calls (NSCs) was mediated by many environmental factors. Several factors can induce NSCs to differentiate into neurons in varying degrees and it is now a focus on the control of NSCs differentiation.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) on the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vitro cytology observation was performed at the Neurotomia Laboratory of China Medical University in May 2008.MATERIALS: Three adult male SD rats were provided by Experimental Animal Center of China Medical University.METHODS: Dispositions to the rats were consistent with ethical standards of animals. The rat brain hippocampus was removed sterilely. After trypsin digestion, NSCs were cultured in serum-free medium. Cell suspension was prepared and diluted when the diameter of the fourth passage of clone sphere was 200 μm by mixture of DMEM/F12 containing 2% B27, 20 μg/L of epidermal growth factor (EGF), and 20 μg/L bFGF. Monoclonal calls were passagad. NSCs were divided into blank control, bFGF, BDNF and bFGF+BDNF groups by different growth factors added into the media. Fetal bovine serum of 0.1 volume fraction was added in blank control group. The media in the other three groups were added bFGF, BDNF and bFGF+BDNF respectively for 1 week.The concentration of bFGF was 10 μg/L and the concentration of BDNF was 200 μg/L.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunocytochemistry staining was used to identify NSCs as well as to detect the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.RESULTS: The monoclonal calls expressed nestin and the differentiated call expressed neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Compared to blank control group, the proportion NSCs into neurons in the bFGF group, BDNF group and bFGF+BDNF group were much higher (t=3.409-7.558, P < 0.05), with the highest in bFGF+BDNF group (t =7.558, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Combination of bFGF and BDNF can promote the differentiation of adult hippocampus NSCs into neurons.

Objective To observe the influence of Shenkang injection with Irbesartan on urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)in 24 hours,serum lipid and blood rheology in early diabetic nephropathy.Methods One hundred and fifty normotensive early diabetic nephmpathy were randomly divided into control group,Shenkang injection group and Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group.Three groups were treated with diabetic education,dietary regimen,suitable physical activity and oral anti-hyperglycemic agents till their fasting blood glucose(FBG)was less than 7.0 mmol/L and postprandial blood glucose(PBG)was less than 10.0 mmol/L.The control group was treated with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents or/and insulin.Shenkang injection group was additionally treated with Shenkang solution.Shenkang solution was mixed by Shenkang injection 100 ml,5% glucose 250 ml and insulin 2-3 U.Shenkang solution was intravenously guttaed once a day.Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group was additionally treated with Irbesartan 0.15 g,once a day,taken orally.A course was taken for 3 weeks.The levels of UAER,serum lipid and blood rheology were detected immediately and 9 weeks after treatment.Results In the Shenkang injection group,compared with those before treatment,them were significant difference in UAER (87.44 ±10.06)μg/min vs.(116.55 ± 33.42)μg/min),serum lipid( (4.22 ± 0.70)mmol/L vs.(4.88 ± 0.69 )mmol/L)and blood rheology( (5.77 ±0.53)mPa·s vs.(7.38 ± 0.41)mPa·s)(P ＜ 0.05).In the Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group,compared to those before treatment,there were also significant difference in UAER ( (61.90 ±28.02)μg/min vs.(123.37 ± 29.98)μg/min),serum lipid( (4.00 ± 0.14)mmol/L vs.(4.90 ± 0.12)mmol/L)and blood rheology( (5.11 ±0.41)mPa·s vs.(7.27 ± 0.44)mpa·s)(P ＜ 0.05).Whearas in the control group,no significant difference were found compared with those before treatment.Furthermore,the improvements in the Shenkang injection with Irbesartan group were better than those in the Shenkang injection group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Shenkang injection can reduce UAER,decrease serum lipid and improve renal blood rheology.Iteffectively prevents diabetic nephropathy in earlier period and maybe have synergy with Irbesartan.

Trace elements is the main content in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology courses through students' self-study.This topic takes the trace elements as the content of open video courses to make the medical students and the public be able to scientifically understand the relationship between trace elements and human health and pay attention to the influence of dietary nutrition and environmental pollution on human society.This course is based on audience online teaching rules and online learning needs,to achieve high-quality resources sharing and popularity as the goal,using typical case,vividly describes the source of the common trace element,function,and the relationship between health and disease.In the course construction,we realize that the selection of teaching content,optimization of teachers,professional recording team are the basic elements of the success of open video courses production.The combination of open video courses and flipped classroom teaching has gained a high degree of satisfaction in improving students' independent learning ability,expanding knowledge and so on.

Objective To explore the quantity and ultrastructure of dopaminum (DA) neuron in nigra-striatum, pathological basis of the successful animal model of cerebral palsy (CP) by hyperbilirubinemia, to provide the evidence for clinical therapy and rehabilitation. Methods Thirty homozygous newborn rabbits (2~5 d) were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group(n=10) and a model group(n=20). The rabbits in the control group were administrated bilirubin intraperitoneally, with a total dose of 300 mg/kg, while those in the model group were administrated with saline at the same dose. All the animals were fed well for 45 days until they were sacrificed for observation of the ultrastructure of brain tissue and quantification of DA neurons. Results The ultrastructure of nigra-striatum of the control group demonstrated significant changes; The quantity of nigra-striatum DA neurons of the control group decreased. Conclusion The ultrastructure of nigra-striatum of the control group has had obviously changes. The nigra-striatum DA neuron of CP rabbits was impaired and the quantity of nigra-striatum DA neuron of CP rabbits was reduced.

Organ-specific tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell migration into host organs often involve integrin-mediated cellular processes. Direct integrin-mediated cell adhesion to ECM components in the space of Disse appears to be required for the successful liver metastatic formation of colon cancer. In the present study, human colon cancer HT-29 cells were transfected by liposome with integrin-beta(1) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN). The integrin-beta(1) gene expression in HT-29 cells was significantly down-regulated. The migration of HT-29 cells was assayed using transwell cell culture chambers in vitro. The number of migrating HT-29 cells in experimental group was far less than that in control group (P<0.05). The models of hepatic metastasis in nude mice were established by the intrasplenic injection of transfected HT-29 cells. Thirty days later, the nude mice were killed and the average number of hepatic metastases (4.00+/-0.93 per mouse), average volume (10.10+/-6.50 mm(3) per mouse), average weight (0.0440+/-0.0008 g per mouse) in experimental group were remarkably reduced as compared with those in control group (P<0.05). Integrin-beta(1) expression in the hepatic metastasis was studied by immunohistochemistry (SP). Positive cell percentage of hepatic metastases in experimental group was markedly decreased as compared with that in control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that integrin-beta(1) may take part in hepatic metastasis, and down-regulation of integrin-beta(1) expression may play a key role in decreasing migration and hepatic metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29).

To investigate the historical origins of folk herbal medicine "Tian qie er",the origin of "Tian qie er" was confirmed by textural,botanical characteristics research,and field survey.The"Tian qie er" which was originally recorded in"L? Chan Yan Ben Cao"should be "Longzhu"(Tubocapsicum anomalum) of Solanaceae family.

Aim To study the effect and molecular mechanism of pretreatment with COPP on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of H9c2 myocytes.Methods H9c2 myocytes model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury was established and H9c2 myocytes were given COPP pretreatment before hypoxia/reoxygenation.Treatment with Znpp and all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)inhibited HO-1 and Nrf2-ARE respectively.The level of LDH and CK in cell supernatants were measured.HO-1mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.HO-1 and Nrf2 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot.Results Compared with hypoxia/reoxygenation group,the level of LDH and CK in COPP pretreatment groups decreased significantly and the level of HO-1mRNA,HO-1 protein expression and Nrf2 protein expression in the nucleus significantly increased.Znpp abolished protective effect of COPP pretreatment.ATRA blocked the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and decreased HO-1 protein expression that COPP pretreatment induced.Conclusions COPP can induce HO-1 overexpression which has protective effect on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of H9c2 myocytes.Its mechanism is related to Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.