Children with voiding dysfunction is common in clinic.The traditional conservative treatment of voiding dysfunction in children can obtain good therapeutic effect,but there are some children with voiding dysfunction refractory to conservative treatment.Electrical stimulation provides an effective new treatment for children with voiding dysfunction refractory to traditional conservative treatment.This paper describes the application of electrical stimulation in children with voiding dysfunction.It maybe provide the pediatric urologists with a new idea about the treatment for voiding dysfunction.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of post - renal acute renal failure (ARF)induced by Ceftriaxone in children. Methods The clinical data of 7 cases of post - renal acute renal failure in children from June 2012 to June 2014 induced by Ceftriaxone were analyzed. According to the changes in urine volume, serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and serum potassium level,liquid therapy,retrograde ureteral catheterization (RUC)and peritoneal dialysis was performed by step sequential therapy respectively. Results Seven cases were given intravenous Ceftriaxone under the fluid loss state. Abdominal pain,sudden anuria or oliguria appeared in the children af-ter 2. 6 d on the average,B ultrasonography and CT scanning showed multiple calculus in the bilateral renal pelvis and ureteral calculi. Blood BUN was 15. 2 - 37. 9 mmol/ L[(23. 3 ± 8. 6)mmol/ L],and blood Cr was 180 - 636 μmol/ L [(378. 9 ± 148. 4)μmol/ L]. These indicators met the diagnostic criteria for acute renal failure. In 7 cases,2 cases (28. 6% )received fluid therapy of sodium bicarbonate alkalization and anisodamine spasmolytic,4 cases(57. 1% )re-ceived fluid therapy and RUC,and 1 case(14. 3% )underwent fluid therapy and RUC and peritoneal dialysis. All of 7 cases(100% )were alive. In the average 4. 4 days renal function of 7 cases was returned to normal,and urine volume and electrolyte were also restored. Conclusions Step sequential therapy including fluid therapy,RUC and peritoneal dialysis is effective with post - renal ARF in children induced by Ceftriaxone.

Objective To observe the action of Rhodiola Crenulate(RC) oral liquid reproduction function for the male rats. Methods 100 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with equal gender number respectively. The male rats were given RC oral liquid (0, 2.48 g/kg, 7.48 g/kg, 24.80 g/kg) and Nanbao (2.00 g/kg)by oral twice a day for 48 d, respectively. Then the male rat was put into the same box in which the female rat whit two-side ovarys were excised for 15 d, respectively. The intercoursing ability,testosterone levels, and the weight of immune organs of the male rats were examined. 40 four-week-old rats were divided into 5 groups. Except for blank control, all rats's testis were excised. The castrated rats were treated with RC oral liquid (2.48 g/kg, 24.8 g/kg)and Methyltestosterone (2.00 mg/kg). The blank control group and model control group were given the same dose NS by oral twice a day for 28 d, respectively. The weight of accessory sex organs in castrated rats was observed. Results The level of testosterone and the organ coefficients of thymus and spleen in RC oral liquid groups were higher than blank control (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The weight of accessory sex organs of castrated rats in RC oral liquid groups were heavier than model control (P<0.05). Conclusion RC oral liquid can improve the reproduction function in male rats.

Objective To increase the awareness of the incidence trend of ischemic colitis and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods From January 2004 to December 2013,the clinical data of 89 in patients with ischemic colitis were retrospectively analyzed.At the same period,100 patients diagnosed as chronic colitis were enrolled as control group.The laboratory findings of patients with ischemic colitis were compared with those of control group.Non normal distribution data were analysed by non parametric test.Results The annual person-times of patients with ischemic colitis and the percentages accounted in the whole hospital annual person-times increased year by year in recent 10 years,which was one person time and 0.01％ in 2004 increased to 41 person-times and 0.11％ in 2013.The average age of the 89 patients was (63.5±12.7) years,and the male to female ratio was 1∶2.18.The most common underlying disease in the 89 patients was hypertension,accounted for 43.8％.Thirty-eight patients had a history of abdominal surgery,and eighteen patients with appendectomy,accounted for 20.2％.Seventy-eight patients had abdominal pain and defecation desire.Seventy-four patients complained of hematochezia.Compared with control group,there was no statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol,blood platelet levels and prothrombin time (all P＞0.05).While the levels of C reactive protein and Ddimer were higher than those of control group (89.21 mg/L vs 61.29 mg/L,90.13 μg/L vs 59.39 μg/L; Z=-3.959,-4.377; both P＜0.05).The images of computed tomography (CT) indicated thickened bowel wall in lesion segment.The results of colonoscopy showed that in the left colon and rectum were the predilection sites,accounted for 93.88％ (138/147).The average hospital stay was (10.59 ± 5.97) days and t he recurrence rate was 3.37 ％ (3 / 89).The percentage of chronic cases was 2.25 ％ (2/89),and no death was reported.Conclusions The incidence of ischemic colitis significantly increased in recent years.Patients with abdominal pain and/or hematochezia should be considered,especially those over 60 years old.Receiving colonoscopy as earlier as possible was helpful for the diagnosis.

Objective To summerize the clinical experience of 23 cases of carotid cavernous fistula(CCF) and discuss the treatment strategy. Methods Retrospectively analyzed 23 patients(11 males and 12 females) of CCF,including 14 patients with Barrow type A,1 with type B,1 with type C and 7 with type D. Results Vascular approach for embolization was undertaken in 20 cases by transarterial access and 2 via venous route while 1 case was given up. Among them,9 cases obtained complete occlusion by simple balloon embolization and 5 were treated by direct occlusion of internal carotid artery. Another 5 cases used NBCA glue for the occlusion,1 case was embolized by gelatin-sponge particulates combined with compression of carotid artery,2 cases were treated by coil embolization of cavernous sinus and 1 case was only managed by carotid compression maneuver. We achieved satisfactory clinical results with 21 patients cured and 2 patients improved. Conclusion Complexity and refractory are the characteristic of CCF,and endovascular treatment should be the major choice of treatment. (J Intervent Radiol,2006,15: 323-326)

Objective To study the effects of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) induced by advanced glycation end products(AGEs) in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE).Methods The expressions of NF-?B were detected by immunohistochemical method when the RPE cells were cultured with different concentrations of AGEs in different time points.Results With the increasing of concentrations of AGEs,the expression of NF-?B in RPE was increased gradually.The expression of NF-?B in RPE was higher when the cells were cultured with AGEs for 24 h than that of other time points.With the increasing of the concentration of TMP,the expression of NF-?B in RPE was decreased gradually.Conclusion The AGEs can induce the expression of NF-?B in RPE,and the TMP can prevent the effects of AGEs in a concentration dependent manner.

Objective To study the influence of sex on the prognosis in acute ST elevated myocardial in- farction(STEMI)patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods :The risk factors, coronary angiography and prognosis in 478 males and 101 females with STEMl were compared.Results:Mortality of STEMI was significantly different in different age groups(P<0.01).The attack of the STEMI in women was 10 vears later than that of men(P<0.01),especially in those women whose age was over 71 years oId.The complica- tion ratio of hypertension and type 2 mellitus diabetes was higher in female patients than that in male(P<0.01). More multi-vessel lesions were found in female patients than those in male(P<0.01).The incidence of in-hospital mortality,pseudoaneurysm,haematoma Was significantly higher in females than in males(P<0.05.P<0.01).Con- clusions The in-hospital mortalitv and puncture complications in STEMI female patients treated with primary PCI are higher than male patients.

Objective To evaluate the safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for elder patients (age more than or equal to 80 years).Methods Data of 464 patients (age ≥ 80 years) who underwent ERCP procedures from June 2008 to June 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were compared with those of patients less than or equal to 60 years old,randomly chosen at 1∶4,for comorbidity,feature of disease distribution,intraoperative situation and postoperative complications of ERCP.Results The comorbidity rates of coronary heart disease,hypertension,chronic pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between two groups regarding to the comorbidity rate of arrhythmia(P =0.111).The main feature of disease distribution in two groups was choledocholithiasis,but the rate of malignant tumor in observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The success rate of ERCP showed no significant difference in two groups (98.92％ VS 99.35％,P=0.358).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the complication rates of acute pancreatitis (4.96％ VS 3.18％,P =0.064),infection (0.43％ VS 0.54％,P =1.000) and hemorrhage (1.08％ VS 0.59％,P=0.259).However the rate of perforation in observation group was lower than that in the control group (0.43％ VS 0.05％,P =0.043).Conclusion ERCP is safe and effective for elder patients.

Objective To compare the application effects of three methods,namely microscopic examination,antigen detec-tion(RDT)and nucleic acid test(PCR)in malaria detection between municipal and districts/counties centers for disease con-trol and prevention in Shanghai,and analyze the malaria detection ability of the laboratories in Shanghai. Methods The blood smears,whole blood samples,case review confirmation records and case data of malaria cases and suspected cases in Shanghai from 2012 to 2015 were collected by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the detection results were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 212 samples with complete data were submitted by all districts(counties)in Shanghai from 2012 to 2015,the samples submitted by Jinshan Districts were the most(41.98%),and among the first diagnosis hospitals,those submitted by the tertiary hospitals were the most(82.07%). The submitted samples in the whole year were in-creased gradually from January to October. All the 212 samples were detected by three methods(the microscopic examination, RDT and PCR)in the laboratory of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and 167 were tested and con-firmed comprehensively as positives,accounting for 78.77%,and 45 were confirmed as negatives,accounting for 21.23%. The samples were detected by the method of microscopy and domestic RDT in the laboratories of the centers for disease control and prevention at district/county level,totally 153 were tested as positives,accounting for 72.17%,41 were unclassified,account-ing for 19.34%,53 were negative,accounting for 25.00%,and 6 were undetected,accounting for 2.83%. The coincidence of microscopic examination between the report hospitals and the centers for disease control and prevention at district/county level was 78.16%,and the coincidence between centers for disease control and prevention at district/county level and municipal level was 93.20%. The utilization rate of RDT in the laboratory of district/county level was 73.58%. The coincidence of RDT tests be-tween those domestic and imported was 93.59%. Compared with the detection results by municipal center for disease control and prevention,37 samples were misjudged by the laboratories of district/county level. Almost all(99.37%)of the confirmed malar-ia cases were imported overseas,including Africa(85.44%),Asia(13.92%)and America(0.63%). Conclusion The surveil-lance after malaria elimination in Shanghai should be carried out by combining with different detection methods and resource in-tegration.