Objective To investigate the incidence trends,clinical features and prognosis of ischemic colitis (IC) in China,and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of IC.Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database were searched.The ending date of search was May 15,2014.Results A total of 324 references were found,which were published from 1982 to 2013.There were 9202 cases reported,3973 cases of males and 5229 cases of females,with the male/female ratio of 1 ∶ 1.32 and mean age of (63.6±7.8)years.The amount of references and cases reported began to rise after 2002.Estimated ratio of cumulative incidence was higher in the north than in other areas of China (x2 =1097.95,P=0.000).The most common IC accompanying diseases were hypertension,heart diseases,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and constipation.There were statistically significant differences in the accompanying diseases between different regions and different times.Drugs,enteroscopy,surgery and low blood volume might be the precipitating factors.Patients commonly complained of abdominal pain,diarrhea/ desiring to defecate and hematochezia.Computed tomography was feasible in detecting lesions.Colonoscopy was the main method for diagnosis.The lesions were most common located in the left half colon including sigmoid colon,descending colon and splenic flexure,with typically in a segmental manner.Pan-colon involvement or rectum involvement rarely occurred.Type of transient lesion was the predominant subtype,which was generally managed non-operatively with good prognosis.Different from the type of transient lesion,pathological changes in gangrenous type were located in the right half colon including hepatic flexure of transverse colon,ascending colon and ileocecal junction.Gangrenous type required prompt surgical intervention but the mortality was much higher.Conclusions Incidence of CI has been increasing year by year.Patients who complain of abdominal pain,diarrhea/desiring to defecate and hematochezia should be considered as IC,particularly in the elderly women and patients with cardiovascular disease.Diseased regions are mainly located in sigmoid colon,descending colon and splenic flexure.Transient colitis is the predominant subtype,which have good prognosis.

Object To study the chemical constituents of whole plant of Callicarpa pedunculata R Brown Methods Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of its constituents; and their structures were identified by spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR) and chemical evidences Results Ten compounds were obtained from the chloroform extract of the whole plant Among them four were diterpenoids which were identified as: 14 ?-hydroxy-7, 15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (Ⅰ), 16 ?, 17-dihydroxy-3-oxo-phyllocladanetriol (Ⅱ), 8, 11, 13, 15-abietetraen-18-oic acid (Ⅲ), and 6 ?-hydroxy nidorellol (Ⅳ); 2 flavonoids: 5-hydroxy-3, 4′, 7-trimethoxy-flavone (Ⅴ), and 3, 5-dimethyl kaempherol (Ⅵ); and the others were ursolic acid (Ⅶ), myoinositol (Ⅷ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅸ), and ?-amyrin (Ⅹ) Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were found in this plant for the first time and it was of interest to note that they were of different diterpenoid skeletons The content of ursolic acid attained to a high level up to 1%, which may be exploited as a natural resource for medical purposes

Objective To increase the awareness of the incidence trend of ischemic colitis and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods From January 2004 to December 2013,the clinical data of 89 in patients with ischemic colitis were retrospectively analyzed.At the same period,100 patients diagnosed as chronic colitis were enrolled as control group.The laboratory findings of patients with ischemic colitis were compared with those of control group.Non normal distribution data were analysed by non parametric test.Results The annual person-times of patients with ischemic colitis and the percentages accounted in the whole hospital annual person-times increased year by year in recent 10 years,which was one person time and 0.01％ in 2004 increased to 41 person-times and 0.11％ in 2013.The average age of the 89 patients was (63.5±12.7) years,and the male to female ratio was 1∶2.18.The most common underlying disease in the 89 patients was hypertension,accounted for 43.8％.Thirty-eight patients had a history of abdominal surgery,and eighteen patients with appendectomy,accounted for 20.2％.Seventy-eight patients had abdominal pain and defecation desire.Seventy-four patients complained of hematochezia.Compared with control group,there was no statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol,blood platelet levels and prothrombin time (all P＞0.05).While the levels of C reactive protein and Ddimer were higher than those of control group (89.21 mg/L vs 61.29 mg/L,90.13 μg/L vs 59.39 μg/L; Z=-3.959,-4.377; both P＜0.05).The images of computed tomography (CT) indicated thickened bowel wall in lesion segment.The results of colonoscopy showed that in the left colon and rectum were the predilection sites,accounted for 93.88％ (138/147).The average hospital stay was (10.59 ± 5.97) days and t he recurrence rate was 3.37 ％ (3 / 89).The percentage of chronic cases was 2.25 ％ (2/89),and no death was reported.Conclusions The incidence of ischemic colitis significantly increased in recent years.Patients with abdominal pain and/or hematochezia should be considered,especially those over 60 years old.Receiving colonoscopy as earlier as possible was helpful for the diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment regimens of adrenal incidentaloma (AI) in children.Methods:Clinical data of 38 children with AI treated in the Department of Urology, Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2016 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 38 children were divided into neonatal group and non-neonatal group according to their age at first diagnosis.The neonatal group had 7 males and 9 females patients, of whom 7 cases were detected with AI during prenatal examinations, 9 cases were diagnosed postnatally.Four children in neonatal group had AI in the left adrenal gland and 12 cases in the right, with the maximum diameter of tumor (MDT) ranging from 16-48 mm.In the non-neonatal group, there were 14 males and 8 females patients aged 7 months and 1 day to 12 years and 1 month, and the MDT was 29-131 mm.Paired t test was used to compare the age and MDT of benign and malignant tumors. Results:In the neonatal group, 3 patients were surgically treated, with 2 cases and 1 case of neuroblastoma and teratoma confirmed by postoperative histology, respectively.The remaining 13 patients in the neonatal group were followed up for 1-31 months, with 8 cases and 5 cases of complete remission and significantly decreased tumor volume, respectively.In the non-neonatal group, there were 3, 9 and 10 patients received open biopsy, laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and open adrenalectomy, respectively.Of these 22 surgically treated cases, 8 cases had a benign lesion, including ganglioneuroma ( n=4), adrenocortical adenoma ( n=1), adrenal cyst ( n=1), teratoma ( n=1), and pheochromocytoma ( n=1); while 14 cases had a malignant lesion, including neuroblastoma ( n=8), ganglioneuroblastoma ( n=5), and adrenocortical carcinoma ( n=1). The mean age of patients with malignant tumors was significantly younger than those with benign tumors[(38.94±35.44) months vs.(95.89±41.43) months, t=3.63, P=0.001]. The mean MDT in malignant tumors was significantly longer than that of benign tumors[(64.43±25.20) mm vs.(41.44±15.66) mm, t=2.45, P=0.023]. Conclusions:AI in children has a high risk of malignancy.Therefore, more detailed examinations are needed to detect tumor markers and endocrinological parameters, and imaging tests such as non-contrast and CT examination should be performed as early as possible.AI in children is predominantly neuroblastic tumors.For non-neonatal patients, surgery should be performed as early as possible.For AI found in the neonatal period and prenatal examination, expectant management is feasible if the tumor is relatively small and limited to the adrenal gland without distant metastases.

This study employed the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity model as an anti-diabetic assay and implemented a bioactivity-guided isolation strategy to identify novel natural compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Hypericum sampsoniiwas investigated, leading to the isolation of two highly modified seco-polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) (1 and 2), eight phenolic derivatives (3-10), and four terpene derivatives (11-14). The structures of compounds 1 and 2, featuring an unprecedented octahydro-2H-chromen-2-one ring system, were fully characterized using extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemistry calculations. Six compounds (1, 5-7, 9, and 14) exhibited potential inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.050 ± 0.0016 to 366.70 ± 11.08 μg·mL^-1. Notably, compound 5 (0.050 ± 0.0016 μg·mL^-1) was identified as the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor, with an inhibitory effect about 6900 times stronger than the positive control, acarbose (IC₅₀ = 346.63 ± 15.65 μg·mL^-1). A docking study was conducted to predict molecular interactions between two compounds (1 and 5) and α-glucosidase, and the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of the two unprecedented seco-PPAPs were proposed.
Molecular Structure ; Hypericum/chemistry* ; alpha-Glucosidases ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology*