BACKGROUND:Different kinds of skul repair materials have different physicochemical properties and biocompatibilities. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research and application progress in skul defect repair materials. METHODS:A computer-based search of China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database, Wanfang and PubMed databases was performed for articles published from 1988 to 2014 with the keywords of“bone repair materials, physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, titanium al oy, autologous skul”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:By the literature retrieval, the clinical application and research progress of bone repair materials are analyzed, properties and clinical application of different types of skul repair materials at different periods are compared, to master the physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility of different skul repair materials as wel as to summarize the timing and methods of skul repair in individual patients. Titanium and titanium al oys have been used widely as skul repair materials because of their good biocompatibility, physicochemical properties, and fewer complications. Autologous skul bone flaps have been the ideal materials for skul repair because its origin is consistent, without any rejection. Bone tissue engineering technology developed in recent years provides a new research direction for skul repair, because it can be used to copy autologous skul .

Objective To explore the surgical indication,key point and curative effect of small bone window in removing the frontal brain contusion and basal ganglia hematoma.Methods The clinical data of 118 patients with frontal cerebral contusion (38 cases) or basal ganglia hematoma (80 cases) were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were given small bone window surgery.Results The postoperative curative effect was evaluated by daily life activities Barthel index.In 118 patients,56 cases (47.5％) were postoperative independent (Barthel index 100 scores),34 cases (28.8％) were mild dependence (Barthel index 75-95 scores),16 cases (13.6％) were moderate dependence (Barthel index 50-70 scores),10 cases (8.5％) were severe and totally dependence (Barthel index 0-45 scores),and 2 cases (1.7％) were death.Conclusion Small bone window in removing the frontal brain contusion and basal ganglia hematoma has small trauma,fully removed lesions,shorter operation time,fewer complications,quicker recovery,no skull repair,and lower mortality and disability rate.

BACKGROUND: Cranial defects need decompressive craniectomy owing to severe craniocerebral injury or spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage.Cranioplasty is generally necessary at 3-9 months after first surgery.Autologous cranial bone,as an ideal repair material,has aroused wide attention from neurosurgeons.OBJECTIVE: After 3 9 months of subperitoneal embedding,autologous cranial valves with periosteum were taken out for repair of cranial bone defects.Cranial valves were observed in terms of size and shape as well as periosteal changes.METHODS: In totally 100 severe cranial injury patients presenting with severe cerebral hemorrhage,brain herniation end high intracranial pressure after hematoma removal needed decompressive craniectomy and were included in this study.Craniotomy was performed with intact periosteum left.The mid/upper left quadrant abdominal skin was dissected to expose the superficial fascia.The convex surface of cranial valve was made close to the subcutaneous fat,followed by incision suture.Autologous cranial valves with periosteum were taken out after 39 months.Prior to and after preservation,the length,width,thickness,and diagonal length of cranial valves with periosteum were measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 6-year clinical observation revealed that 72 cases of cranial valves were preserved for 3-4months,showing sharp valve edge,without absorption or shrank cranial valve,bright red,soft,slightly thickened periosteum; 1case of cranial valve was preserved for 9 months,showing blunt valve edge,obvious absorption,markedly reduced valve,light-colored periosteum,obvious osseous hyperplasia; the cranial valves of other cases showed phenomena between these two.These findings demonstrate that subperitoneal preservation of autologous cranial valve with periosteum can maintain the size,shaoe,and activity of cranial bone.

Objective To study the repairing skull defect postoperative scalp raw muscle necrosis application as the clinical treatment of skin cream and tension suture technique.Methods A retrospective analysis of 26 cases of skull defect postoperative scalp necrosis in June 2007 to June 2014 was recorded.Given the tension suture after surgical debridement suture with raw muscle elephant skin creams besmear in the treatment of wounds.Results Twenty-four cases of scalp necrotic wounds healing,1 case was given after the repair material from the scalp necrotic wounds healing,1 case of secondary intracranial infection,given the repair material from brain abscesses clear postoperative wound healing.Conclusion Adopting the raw flesh like a skin cream for the treatment of tension suture after surgical debridement,can achieve rapid cure local infection,promote the healing of the scalp necrotic wounds,reduced the skull to operation failure and postoperative scalp defect repair necrosis repair material from risk,obtain ideal treatment effect.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Liuwei dihuang pill (concentrated pill). METHODS:Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Dioscorea opposita,Poria cocos and Alisma orientalis in Liuwei dihuang pill (concentrated pill) were identified by TLC and the contents of paeonolum and loganin were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The TLC spots were clear and well-separated yet free of interference of negative sample.The linear ranges of paeonolum and laganin were 0.100 6～1.006 ?g (r=0.999 9) and 0.309 6～2.322 ?g(r=0.999 6),respectively,and their recovery rates were 98.2%(RSD=2.3%,n=6) and 95.3%(RSD=0.42%,n=6),respectively.CONCLUSION:The established standard is applicable for the quality control of Liuwei dihuang pill.

A method of solid phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( SPE-UPLC/MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 15 phthalate esters. Drinking water samples were concentrated by C18 SPE cartridge. The fifteen phthalate esters were separated on a phenyl column with gradient elution using methanol and water as mobile phases. Multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) acquisition under positive ion mode was performed. The external matrix standard solutions were used for the quantitative determination. The linear range of Di-n-butyl phthalate was 0. 63-1000 μg/L. The other 14 phthalate esters showed good linearity in the range of 0 . 002-500 μg/L with the correlation coefficients more than 0. 9970. The limits of quantification ( LOQ) were 2. 2-632 ng/L. The spiked recoveries ranged from 81 . 3% to 109%. The relative standard deviations were less than 14%.

[Objective]To evaluate the long-term results of recurrent lumbar disc herniation between different kinds of reoperation.[Method]Seventy-four patients of recurrent lumbar disc herniation after discectomy alone were treated surgically from May 2001 to Augest 2005.They were divided into three groups:nonfusion,posterolateral fusion and intervertebral fusion.After a long term follow-up(≥2y),their clinical data were reviewed to compared their improvement rate of lower back pain,JOA score,subside rate of disc height and chang rate of superior intervertebral space angle.[Result]The long-term results revealed that the improvement rates of lower back pain JOA score in the three groups were increased in sequence.The differences in subside rate of disc height and change rate of superior intervertebral space angle between discectomy and posterolateral fusion groups were insignificant,but much higher than those of posterior lumbar interbody fusion group.[Conclusion]Posterior lumbar interbody fusion is effective in increasing the improvement rates of lower back pain JOA score and maintaining the disc height and the superior intervertebral space angle.

Objective To study the characteristic cluster structure of good-quality natural drinking water.Methods The coupling 17 O NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)FWHM(full width half maximum)was selected as the index to weigh the rel-ative average size of water cluster in liquid water.The 17 O NMR FWHM of water samples(nature water and artificial water)were measured by ARX400NMR spectroscopy.Results 17 O NMR FWHMs of21representative water samples were in the range of53-145Hz.Conclusion 17 O NMR FWHM of good-quality natural drinking water mainly lay from70to90Hz.

10mm,solitary sessile,growth during follow-up,associated with gallstone,obvious symptomatic or novel imaging techniques indicating NPG occurs.